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FACULTY OF AUTOMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCE COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT FOOTBALL OFFSIDE DETECTION BY MEANS OF IMAGE PROCESSING LICENSE THESIS Graduate: Andreea Cristina ZANC Supervisor: Assist. eng. Ion-Augustin GIOSAN 2014 FACULTY OF AUTOMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCE COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT DEAN, HEAD OF DEPARTMENT, Prof. dr. eng. Liviu MICLEA Prof. dr. eng. Rodica POTOLEA Graduate: Andreea Cristina ZANC FOOTBALL OFFSIDE DETECTION BY MEANS OF IMAGE PROCESSING 1. Project proposal: Developing an application that should be able to analyze a single static image representing a moment in a football match and detect whether the last attacker is in a potential offside situation or not. 2. Project contents: Introduction, Project Objectives and Specifications, Bibliographic Research, Analysis and Theoretical Foundation, Implementation Details, Testing and Validation, User’s Manual, Conclusions and Possible Improvements, Bibliography, Appendix 1: Source code. 3. Place of documentation : Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Automation and Computer Science, Computer Science Department 4. Consultants : Assist. eng. Ion-Augustin Giosan 5. Date of issue of the proposal: November 1, 2013 6. Date of delivery: July 3, 2014 Graduate: Andreea Cristina ZANC Supervisor: Ion-Augustin GIOSAN FACULTY OF AUTOMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCE COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Declaraţie pe proprie răspundere privind autenticitatea lucrării de licenţă Subsemnata Andreea Cristina ZANC , legitimată cu buletin seria KX nr. 890667 CNP 2911207314005 , autorul lucrării “Football offside detection by means of image processing”, elaborată în vederea susţinerii examenului de finalizare a studiilor de licență la Facultatea de Automatică și C alculatoare, Specializarea Calculatoare si Tehnologia Informatiei din cadrul Universităţii Tehnice din Cluj -Napoca, sesiunea Iulie a anului universitar 2013/2014 , declar pe proprie răspundere, că această lucrare este rezultatul propriei activităţi intelectuale, pe baza cercetărilor mele şi pe baza informaţiilor obţinute din surse care au fost citate, în textul lucrării, şi în bibliografie. Declar, că această lucrare nu conţine porţiuni plagiate, iar sursele bibliografice au fost folosite cu respectarea legi slaţiei române şi a convenţiilor internaţionale privind drepturile de autor. Declar, de asemenea, că această lucrare nu a mai fost prezentată în faţa unei alte comisii de examen de licenţă. In cazul constatării ulterioare a unor declaraţii false, voi suporta sancţiunile administrative, respectiv, anularea examenului de licenţă . Data: 3 Iulie 2014 Andreea Cristina ZANC Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction ............................................................................... 1 Chapter 2. Project Objectives ...................................................................... 4 Chapter 3. Bibliographic research .............................................................. 5 3.1. Problem context- sport events image/video analysis ............................................ 5 3.1.1. Players tracking ............................................................................................. 5 3.1.2. Offside detection from a still image .............................................................. 9 Chapter 4. Analysis and Theoretical Foundation .................................... 12 4.1. Color spaces: RGB vs HSV ................................................................................ 12 4.2. Background subtraction, finding HS histogram’s maximums ............................ 13 4.3. Morphological operations ................................................................................... 17 4.3.1. Dilation ........................................................................................................ 17 4.3.2. Erosion ......................................................................................................... 18 4.3.3. Opening ....................................................................................................... 18 4.3.4. Closing ......................................................................................................... 19 4.4. Contour extraction based on its features ............................................................. 19 4.5. Edge detection- Canny algorithm and Hough’s t ransform ................................. 20 4.5.1. Canny’s edge detection algorithm ............................................................... 20 4.5.2. Hough’s classical transform for line detection in an edge image ................ 23 4.6. Vanishing point ................................................................................................... 26 4.7. Clustering ............................................................................................................ 27 4.7.1. BSAS- Basic Sequential Algorithmic Scheme ............................................ 28 4.8. Proposed solution................................................................................................ 30 Chapter 5. Detailed Design and Implementation .................................... 31 5.1. Background subtraction ...................................................................................... 31 5.2. Obtaining the field’s mask .................................................................................. 34 5.3. Obtaining the players masks ............................................................................... 36 5.4. Players clustering ................................................................................................ 38 5.5. Line detection and finding the vanishing point .................................................. 41 5.6. Determining direction of play and differentiating between attackers and defenders ....................................................................................................................... 45 5.7. Drawing the offside line ..................................................................................... 45 Chapter 6. Testing and Validation ............................................................ 47
