Transcript
Designation: A401/A401M − 10
Standard Specification for
Steel Wire, Chromium-Silicon Alloy 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation A401/A401M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
E29 Pra Practic cticee for Using Sig Signifi nifican cantt Dig Digits its in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
1. Sco Scope* pe* 1.1 This specification specification covers round and shaped chromiumsilicon sili con allo alloy y stee steell spr spring ing wir wiree hav having ing pro proper perties ties and qua quality lity intended for the manufacture of springs resistant to set when used at moderately elevated temperatures. This product is not meant to be used for non-static applications involving moderate fatigu fatiguee stress stresses es (see Specification Specification A1000) A1000) or high cycle fatiguee applic fatigu applications ations (see Specifi Specification cation A877/A877M). A877/A877M). Th This is wire shall be provided either in the annealed and cold-drawn or quench and tempered condition as specified by the purchaser.
3. Orde Ordering ring Informatio Information n 3.1 It shall be the responsibility responsibility of the purchaser purchaser to specify all req requir uireme ements nts tha thatt are nec necess essary ary for material material und under er this specifi spe cificati cation. on. Suc Such h req requir uireme ements nts may inc includ lude, e, but are not limited to, the following: 3.1.1 Quant Quantity ity (mass), 3.1.2 Name of material (chromium-si (chromium-silicon licon alloy steel wire), 3.1.3 Dimens Dimensions ions (Table (Table 1 and 1 and Section 8), 3.1.4 Condi Condition tion (Section (Section 6), 3.1.5 Packag Packaging ing (Section (Section 14 14)), 3.1.6 Heat analysis report, report, if requested (5.2 (5.2), ), 3.1.7 Certific Certification ation or test report, or both, if specified (Section 13 13)), and 3.1.8 ASTM designation designation and year of issue.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exa exact ct equ equiva ivalen lents; ts; the theref refore ore,, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.2.1 1.2 .1 Wi Within thin the tex text, t, the inch-pou inch-pound nd uni units ts are shown in brackets.
NOTE 1—A typical typical ord orderi ering ng des descri cripti ption on is as fol follow lows: s: 20 000 000-kg -kg,, quench and tempered chromium-si quench chromium-silicon licon alloy steel wire, size 6.00 mm in 150 kg coils to ASTM A401/A401M dated ____, or for inch-pound units, 40 000-lb quench and tempered chromium-silicon chromium-silicon alloy steel spring wire, wire, size 0.250 in. in 350-lb coils to ASTM A401/A401M dated ____.
2. Referen Referenced ced Documents Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing A370 of Steel Products A700 Practices A700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Shipment A751 Test A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products A752 Specification A752 Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Alloy Steel A877/A877M Spe Specifi cificat cation ion for Ste Steel el Wire ire,, Chr Chromi omiumumSilicon Alloy Alloy,, Chrome Chrome-Silicon -Silicon-V -Vanadium anadium Alloy Valve Spring Quality A1000 Specification A1000 Specification for Steel Wire, Carbon and Alloy Specialty Spring Quality
4. Mate Material rialss and Manufacture Manufacture 4.1 The steel may be made by any com commer mercial cially ly accepted accepted steel making process. The steel may be either ingot cast or strand cast. 4.2 The finished finished wir wiree sha shall ll be fre freee fro from m det detrim rimenta entall pip pipee and undue segregation. 5. Chem Chemical ical Compositio Composition n 5.1 The steel sha shall ll con confor form m to the requirem requirement entss of Grade 9254 for chemical composition specified in Table 2. 2. 5.2 Heat Analysis— Each Each heat of steel shall be analyzed by the man manufa ufactu cturer rer to det determ ermine ine the per percen centage tage of ele elemen ments ts prescribed in Table in Table 2. 2. This analysis shall be made from a test specim spe cimen en pre prefer ferabl ably y tak taken en dur during ing the pou pourin ring g of the hea heat. t. When requested, this shall be reported to the purchaser and shall conform to the requirements of Table of Table 2. 2.
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This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 A01 on on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.03 on A01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire. Curren Cur rentt edi editio tion n app approv roved ed May 1, 201 2010. 0. Pub Publis lished hed Jun Junee 201 2010. 0. Ori Origin ginall ally y approved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as A401/A401M – 03. DOI: 10.1520/A0401_A0401M-10. 2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at
[email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
5.3 Product A n an analy alysi siss ma may y be ma made de by th thee Product Analy Analysis— sis— An purchaser from finished wire representing each heat of steel. The che chemica micall com compos positio ition n thu thuss dete determi rmined ned,, as to ele elemen ments ts required requi red or restri restricted, cted, shall conform to the product analysis requirements in Table 4 of Specification A752 A752..
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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A401/A401M − 10 TABLE 1 Tensile RequirementsA
TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements
SI Units B
Diameter, mm 0 .8 0 0 .9 0 1 .0 0 1 .1 0 1 .2 0 1 .4 0 1 .6 0 1 .8 0 2 .0 0 2 .2 0 2 .5 0 2 .8 0 3 .0 0 3 .5 0 4 .0 0 4 .5 0 5 .0 0 5 .5 0 6 .0 0 6 .5 0 7 .0 0 8 .0 0 9 .0 0 1 0.00 11.00 1 2.0 1 3.0 1 4.0 1 5.0 1 6.0 1 7.0 1 8.0
M P a, m i n
2 08 0 2 07 0 2 06 0 2 04 0 2 02 0 2 00 0 1 98 0 1 96 0 1 94 0 1 92 0 1 90 0 1 88 0 1 86 0 1 84 0 1 82 0 1 80 0 1 78 0 1 76 0 1 74 0 1 72 0 1 70 0 1 68 0 1 66 0 1 64 0 1 62 0 1 60 0 1 58 0 1 57 0 1 56 0 1 55 0 1 54 0 1 53 0
MPa, max
2 2 60 2 2 50 2 2 40 2 2 20 2 2 00 2 1 80 2 1 60 2 1 40 2 1 20 2 1 00 2 0 80 2 0 60 2 0 40 2 0 20 2 0 00 1 9 80 1 9 60 1 9 40 1 9 20 1 9 00 1 8 80 1 8 60 1 8 40 18 2 0 18 0 0 1 7 80 1 7 60 1 7 50 1 7 40 1 7 30 1 7 20 1 7 10
UNS Designation G92540 Grade No. 9254 Ranges and Limits, %
Reduction of Area, min, %
0 .0 3 2 0 .0 4 1 0 .0 5 4 0 .0 6 2 0 .0 8 0 0 .0 9 2 0 .1 2 0 0 .1 3 5 0 .1 6 2 0 .1 7 7 0 .1 9 2 0 .2 1 9 0 .2 5 0 0 .3 1 2 0 .3 7 5 0 .4 3 8 0 .5 0 0 0 .5 6 2 0 .6 2 5 0 .6 8 7
k s i , mi n
k s i , max
30 0 29 8 29 2 29 0 28 5 28 0 27 5 27 0 26 5 26 0 26 0 25 5 25 0 24 5 24 0 23 5 23 0 22 8 22 6 22 4
32 5 32 3 31 7 31 5 31 0 30 5 30 0 29 5 29 0 28 5 28 3 27 8 27 5 27 0 26 5 26 0 25 5 25 3 25 1 24 9
Mang Ma ngan anes ese e
Phosphorus, max
Sulfur, max
Sili Si lico con n
Chro Ch romi mium um
0. 51 – 0. 59
0 . 6 0 – 0 .8 0
0 .0 3 5
0. 04 0
1 .2 0 – 1 .6 0
0 .6 .60–0.80
C C C C C C C C
given a sufficient amount of cold working to meet the purchaser’s coiling requirement requirementss and shall be in a suitable condition to resp re spon ond d pr prop oper erly ly to he heat at tre treat atmen ment. t. In sp speci ecial al cas cases es th thee hardness or tensile strength, if desired, shall be stated in the purchase order.
C C
45 45 45 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 35 35 30 30 30 30 30 30
6.2 Quench and Tempered— When When purchased in the quench and temp tempere ered d con conditi dition, on, the tens tensile ile stre strengt ngth h and min minimu imum m perc pe rcen entt re redu duct ctio ion n of ar area, ea, siz sizes es 2. 2.50 50 mm [0 [0.0 .098 98 in in.] .] an and d coarse coa rserr, of the wir wiree sha shall ll con confor form m to the req requir uireme ements nts pre pre-scribed in Table 1. 1. Tensile strength of shaped and flat rolled wires shall conform to this table based on the conversion to equivalent round dimensions. Percent reduction of area is not applicable to shaped and flat rolled wires. NOTE 2—Any specimen breaking in the grips shall be discarded and a new spe specim cimen en tes tested ted if the spe specifi cified ed mec mechan hanica icall pro proper pertie tiess are not achieved. NOTE 3—Equiv 3—Equivale alent nt rou round nd defi definiti nition: on: The cro cross ss sec sectio tional nal are areaa of non-round wires converted to the round wire diameter.
6.2.1 Number of Tests— One One test specimen shall be taken for each ten coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each heat in a given lot shall be tested. 6.2.2 Location of Tests— Test Test specimens shall be taken from either end of the coil. 6.2.3 Test T he te tens nsio ion n te test st sh shal alll be ma made de in Test Method Method— — The accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370 A370..
Inch-Pound Units Diameter, in.
Carb Ca rbon on
Reduction of Area, min, % C C C C C
6.3 Wrap Test: 6.3.1 6.3 .1 Que Quench nch and temp tempere ered d or col cold d dra drawn wn wir wiree 4.0 4.00 0 mm [0.157 in.] and smaller in diameter shall wind on itself as an arbo ar borr wi with thou outt br break eakag age. e. La Larg rger er di diam amete eterr wi wire re up to an and d including 8.00 mm [0.315 in.] in diameter shall wrap without breakage on a mandrel twice the wire diameter. The wrap test is not applicable to wire over 8.00 mm [0.315 in.] in diameter or to shaped and flat rolled wires. 6.3.2 Number of Tests— One One test specimen shall be taken for each 10 coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each heat in a given lot shall be tested. 6.3.3 Location of Test— Test Test specimens shall be taken from either end of the coil. 6.3.4 Test Method— The The wrap test shall be made in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370 A370..
45 45 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 35 35 30 30 30
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Tensile strength values for intermediate diameters may be interpolated. Preferred sizes. For a complete list, refer to ANSI B32.4. C The reduction of area test is not applicable to wire under 2.34 mm [0.092 in.] in diameter. B
7. Metallurgi Metallurgical cal Requirements Requirements 5.4 For For ref refere ereee pur purpos poses, es, Test Met Method hods, s, Pra Practic ctices, es, and Terminology A751 A751 shall shall be used.
7.1 Surface Condition: 7.1.1 On the whole, the surface surface of the wire as receive received d shall be free of rust and excess excessive ive scale. Based upon examination examination of end en d sp spec ecime imens ns,, no ser serio ious us di diee ma mark rks, s, sc scra ratch tches, es, or ot othe herr continuous surface imperfections shall be present. Based upon examination of etched-end specimen, seams shall not exceed
6. Mechanical Proper Properties ties 6.1 Anneal When pur purcha chased sed in the Annealed ed and Col Cold d Dra Drawn— wn— When annealed and cold-drawn condition, the wire shall have been 2
A401/A401M − 10 TABLE TA BLE 3 Permis Permissible sible Variations Variations in Wire DiameterA
3.5 % of the wire diameter, or 0.25 mm [0.010 in.], whichever is the smaller as measured on a transverse section. 7.1.2 Number of Tests— For For the purpose of examination of etchedetch ed-end end spe specime cimens, ns, one test spe specime cimen n sha shall ll be tak taken en for each 10 coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each cast or heat in a given lot shall be tested. 7.1.3 Location of Test— Test Test specimens shall be taken from either or both ends of the coil. 7.1.4 Test The sur surfac facee sha shall ll be exa examin mined ed aft after er Test Method Method— — The etching in a solution of equal parts of hydrochloric acid and water that has been heated to approximately 80°C for up to two minutes in order to remove the oxide scale layer from the wire surface. surfac e. Test ends shall be examin examined ed using 10× magnifi magnification cation.. Any specimens showing the presence of a questionable surface imperf imp erfecti ection on sha shall ll hav havee a tra transv nsvers ersee sect section ion tak taken en fro from m the unetched area, properly mounted and polished and examined to measure the depth of the surface imperfection.
Diameter To 2.00, incl Over 2.00 to 11.0, incl Over 11.00 Diameter 0 . 0 3 2 to 0 .0 7 5 , i n c l Over 0.075 to 0.438, incl Over 0.438
SI Units Permissible Variations, ± mm 0 .0 3 0 .0 5 0 .0 7 Inch-Pound Units Permissible Variations, ± in. 0. 00 1 0. 00 2 0 .0 0 3
Permissible Out-of-Round 0 .0 3 0 .0 5 0. 07 Permissible Out-of-Round 0 .0 0 1 0 .0 0 2 0 .0 0 3
A
For purposes of determining conformance with this specification, all specified limits are absolute as defined in Practice E29 Practice E29..
9.2 Quench and Tempered— The wire shall be uniform in Tempered— The quality and temper and shall not be wavy or crooked. 9.3 Each 9.3 Each co coil il sh shal alll be on onee co cont ntin inuo uous us le leng ngth th of wi wire re properly prop erly coiled. Welds Welds made prior to cold drawing are permit permit-ted.. If unm ted unmark arked ed weld weldss are una unaccep cceptab table le to the pur purcha chaser ser,, special arrangements arrangements should be made with the manufacturer manufacturer at the time of the purchase.
7.2 Decarburization: 7.2.1 The depth of complete decarburization decarburization (free ferrite) shall not exceed 0.75 % of the equivalent round wire diameter. The total affected depth (free ferrite plus partial decarburization) tio n) sh shall all no nott ex excee ceed d 2 % of th thee eq equi uiva valen lentt ro roun und d wi wire re diameter on all sizes of wire. 7.2.2 Test Method— Decarburizat Decarburization ion shall be determ determined ined by etching etch ing a sui suitabl tably y pol polish ished ed tra transv nsvers ersee sec sectio tion n of wir wiree with nital. The entire periphery periphery to be examined should be in a single plane with no edge rounding. 7.2.3 The entire periphery periphery shall be examined examined at a magnification of no less than 100× for depth of free ferrite and total affected depth. Smaller wire sizes may require higher magnification. Measure the worst area present excluding decarburization associated with any surface imper imperfection fections. s. Compl Complete ete decarburizat decarb urization ion exists when only free ferri ferrite te is prese present. nt. Partial decarburization exists when ferrite is found mixed with pearlite or tempered martensite. Structures of 100× tempered martensite shall be defined as not decarburized. 7.2.4 Decarb Decarburizati urization on shall be checked on annealed wire by giving a wire sample an austenitize, oil quench and temper heat treatment. treatmen t. A flat shall be ground ground on the test sample prior prior to heat treatment. The flat shall have a minimum width equal to one half of the wire diameter. Any decarburization visible on this ground section shall necessitate a retest with new samples. If no decarburization is visible on the ground flat, evaluate the complete wire section in accordance with 7.2.3 with 7.2.3..
10. Rete Retests sts 10.1 If any test specimen exhibits exhibits obvious defects defects or shows thee pr th pres esen ence ce of a we weld ld,, it ma may y be di disc scar arde ded d an and d an anot othe herr specimen substituted. 11. Inspection 11.1 Unless otherwise 11.1 otherwise specified in the contra contract ct or purch purchase ase order, the manufacturer is responsible for the performance of all inspection and test requirements specified in this specification. Except as otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order, the manufacturer may use his own or any other suitable facil fa ciliti ities es fo forr th thee pe perf rfor orma manc ncee of th thee in insp spec ectio tion n an and d te test st requirements unless disapproved by the purchaser at the time thee or th orde derr is pl plac aced ed.. Th Thee pu purc rcha hase serr sh shall all ha have ve th thee ri righ ghtt to perf pe rfor orm m an any y of th thee in insp spec ectio tions ns an and d tes tests ts se sett fo fort rth h in th this is specifi spe cificati cation on whe when n suc such h ins inspec pection tionss and tes tests ts are dee deemed med necessary to assure that the material conforms to prescribed requirements. 12. Reje Rejectio ction n and Rehe Rehearin aring g 12.1 Unless otherwise specified, any rejection based on tests made in accor accordance dance with these specifications specifications shall be reported to the manufacturer as soon as possible so that an investigation may be initiated.
8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations Variations
12.2 The mat 12.2 materia eriall mus mustt be ade adequa quately tely protected protected and cor cor-rectly identified in order that the manufacturer may make a proper investigation.
8.1 The permissi permissible ble variation variationss in the diameter diameter of the wire shall sh all be as sp speci ecifie fied d in Tabl Tablee 3. Any defi definit nition ion of sha shaped ped toler to leran ance cess sh shall all be ag agre reed ed up upon on by th thee pr prod oduc ucer er an and d th thee purchaser.
13. Certificatio Certification n 13.1 13. 1 Whe When n spe specifi cified ed in the purchase purchase order or con contra tract, ct, a manufacturer’s or supplier’s certification shall be furnished to the pur purcha chaser ser that the mate materia riall was man manufa ufactur ctured, ed, sam sample pled, d, tested, and inspected in accordance with this specification and has been found to meet the requirements. When specified in the purchase order or contract, a report of the test results shall be furnished.
9. Wo Workmanship, rkmanship, Finish, and Appearance Appearance 9.1 Annea T he wi wire re sh shal alll no nott be Annealed led and Cold Dra Drawn— wn— The kinked or improperly cast. To test for cast, a few convolutions of wire shall be cut loose from the coil and placed on a flat surface. The wire shall lie substantially flat on itself and not spring up nor show a wavy condition. 3
A401/A401M − 10 13.2 The certification certification shall includ includee the specification specification number, year date of issue, and revision letter, if any.
14.3 Unl 14.3 Unless ess oth otherw erwise ise spe specifi cified ed in the pur purcha chaser ser’s ’s ord order er,, packag pac kaging ing,, mar markin king, g, and loa loadin ding g for shi shipme pments nts sha shall ll be in accordance with those procedures recommended by Practices A700.. A700
14. Pack Packagin aging, g, Mark Marking, ing, and Load Loading ing for Shipm Shipment ent 14.1 The coil mass, dimensions, dimensions, and the method of packaging sh ing shal alll be ag agre reed ed up upon on be betw tween een th thee ma manu nufa factu cture rerr an and d purchaser.
15. Keyw Keywords ords 15.1 annea annealed led chrom chromium-si ium-silicon licon alloy; springs; temper tempered; ed; wire
14.2 The size of the wire, purchaser’s purchaser’s order number, number, ASTM ASTM specification number, heat number, and name or mark of the manufacturer shall be marked on a tag securely attached to each coil of wire.
SUMMARY OF CHANGES Committ Comm ittee ee A0 A01 1 ha hass id iden entifi tified ed th thee lo loca catio tion n of se selec lected ted ch chan ange gess to th this is st stan anda dard rd sin since ce th thee la last st iss issue ue (A401/A401M – 03) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2010.) (1) Scope – added shaped wire to language – rationale, this is an exi existin sting g pra practic cticee in tod today’ ay’ss mar market ket;; add added ed ref refere erence nce to A1000 and moderate fatigue stresses. Body y of text – Del Deleted eted “oil que quench nch”” and replaced replaced with (2) Bod “quench and tempered”. Rationale is that other quench mediums are currently being used for this specification. (3) Section 2, Referenced Documents – deleted obsolete specifications. (4) 6.2 and 6.3.1 – added language to include shaped and rolled flat wire; added Note 3.
(5) 7.1.1, 7.1.2, and 7.1.4 – revised language to reflect actual application of this section. (6) 7.2, Decarburization – added equivalent round. (7) 14.4, Government Procurement – MIL-STD-163 is obsolete and has been removed as an active standard. (8) 14.5, Bar Coding – AIAG B-5 02.00 standard is obsolete and has been removed as an active standard.
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