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AcaciaAcacia concinna (WIlld.) DC.SOAP PODRou guo jin he huanScientific names Common namesAcacia concinna (WIlld.) DC. Acacia (Tag.)Acacia hooperiana Miq. Shikakai plant (Engl.)Acacia sinuata (Lour.) Merr. Soap acacia (Engl.)Acacia philippinarum Benth. Soap pod (Engl.)Acacia poilanei Gagnep. Soap pod wattle (Engl.)Acacia polycephala DC. Soap nut (Engl.)Acacia quisumbingii Merr. Soap nut acacia (Engl.)Acacia rugata Ham. Rou guo jin he huan (Chin.)Mimosa concinna Willd.Mimosa rugata Ham.Teng jin he huan (Chin.)Acacia is a name shared by many species of Philippine plants, both scientific and common names: (1)Acacia concinna, acacia, a prickly shrub found in La Union, Benguet, and Ilocos Sur provinces of northernLuzon (2) Albizzia lebbect, acaci, langil, mimosa (3) Samanea saman, rain tree, acacia, for Acaciaconcinna (4) Acacia farnesiana, aroma (5) Acacia glauca, ipil-ipil (6) Acacia niopo, kupang, and (7) Acaciacrassicarpa.Other vernacular namesASSAMESE: Amsikira, Kachuai, Pasoi tenga, Suse lewa.BENGALI: Ban ritha, Ritha, Riitha.BURMESE: Hpak-ha Sum-hkawn, Kin-mun, Kinmun-gyin.CHINESE: Xiao he huan.FRENCH: Chikakai, Piquant sappan, Sappan.GERMAN: Shikekai-Baum.GUJARATI: Shikakai.HINDI: Cikakai, Hikakai, Kochi, Righa, Ritha, Saatalaa, Shika, Shikakai.JAPANESE: Akashia konshina.MALAYALAM: Carmalanta, Carmalantala, Chikaka, Chinikka.MARATHI: Shikakai, Reetah.ORIYA: Vimala.RUSSIAN: Akatsiia konsinna, Saptala, Shikakay.SANSKRIT: Bahuphenarasa, Bhuriphena, Carmasava, Charmakansa, Charmakasa, Phenila, Saptala.TAMIL: Cikkay, Ciyakkay, Shika, Shikakai, Shikai, Shikaikkay.TELUGU: Chikaya, Gogu, Shiikaya, Siikaya.THAI: Sohm bpaawy, Som poy, Som kon.BotanyAcacia concinna is a scandent, prickly shrub reaching a height of 4 to 5 meters. Branches are gray andarmed with short, sharp prickles. Leaves are pinnately compound, 15 to 25 centimeters long, and with 8to 10 pairs of pinnae. Rachis has one gland near the base, and one of two near the apex. Leafletsnumber 20 to 32 pairs on each pinnae, are linear-oblong, 8 to 10 millimeters in length, with a pointed tipand subtruncate base. Midrib is oblique. Panicles are terminal, in the upper axils, and ample. Heads are yellow, about 1 centimeter in diameter. Pods are straight, somewhat fleshy, flat, 7 to 10 centimeterslong, and about 2 centimeters wide.Distribution- In Benguet, La Union, and Ilocos Sur Provinces in Luzon, in thickets at low and medium altitudes.- Also occurs in India to southern China and Malaya.Constituents- Soft parts of the dried berries contain 5% saponin.- Pods have yielded several saponins includingkinmoonosides A-C, triterpenoidal prosapogenols namesconcinnosides A, B, C, D and E with four glycosides,acaciaside, julibroside A1, albiziasaponin C and theiraglycone, acacic acid lactone.- Phytochemical screening of the plant yielded flavanoids,saponins, terpenoids and tannins.PropertiesPod is acid, bitter, and singularly pungent; considereddeobstruent, astringent and detergent.Parts usedFruit.UsesFolkloricPods used as deobstruent in cases of jaundice and other biliary derangements.Decoction of pods used for biliousness and as purgative.Fruit pods, leaves and bark are dried, powdered and made into paste to make a hair cleanser.In India, decoction of pods used for washing the hair to promote hair growth and remove dandruff.In Thailand, dried pods use as laxative, antidandruff, antitussive and for skin diseases.OthersCosmetic: Ingredient in many cosmetic products. Studies ã Antidermatophytic: Study pod extracts showed antidermatophytic activity against Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, T. violaceum, Microsporum nanum and Epidermophyton floccosum. ã Immunological Adjuvant Activity / Vaccine Adjuvant: Study o f methanolic fractions showed Th1 andTh2 helper cell activity. At dose of 40 ug it can be used as a vaccine adjuvant to increase immuneresponses. ã Hepatoprotective: An ethanolic extract of pods of Acacia concinna showed significant protective activity in a CCl4-induced liver damage model. ã Antifungal : Study of extracts was done against 35 isolates of dermatophytes and isolates of C. albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Penicillium marneffei. Results showed antifungal effectiveness. ã Antibacterial: Th e benzene, methanol and aqueous extracts of fresh pods of A. concinna showedmaximum activity against K. pneumonia, B. subtilis, E. coli. ã Contraceptive: Study in female rats fed with fraction of AE of Acacia concinna showed arrest in the diestrus stage, reduction in pregnancy and implantation, depletion in FSH, LH and estrogen levels.Results showed the acerone fraction of aqueous extract of Acacia concinna can be used as herbalcontraceptive without any undersirable side effect. ã New Cytotoxic Saponins /: Study yielded three saponins, kinmoonosides A-C together with amonoterpenoids from a methanolic extract. The three kinmoonosides showed significant cytotoxicityagainst human HT-11080 fibrosarcoma cells. ã Volatile Compounds: Study for volatile compoun ds yielded fatty acids as main constituents, such aspalmitic and linoleic acid with rather high amount of furfural and 5-methyl-2-furfural. Esters identifiedwere methyl salicylate, methyl palmitate, isopropyl palmitate, and linalool oxide. The compounds maycontribute to the aroma of Som Poy, ã Insecticidal / Ovicidal: Study evaluated the larvicidal and ovicidal activity of extracts of seeds and leaves of Acacia concinna and seeds and flowers of Butea monosperma against Hyblaea puera. Resultsshowed the methanol extract of seeds and EA extract of seeds and leaves were most effective of allextracts with a 100% egg hatch inhibition. AvailabilityWild-crafted.Additional Sources and Suggested Readings(1)Antidermatophytic Activity of Acacia concinna / V. Natarajan and S. Natarajan/ Global Journal of Pharmacology 3 (1): 06-07, 2009(2)Acacia concinna herb Shikakai pods use in medicine /(3)Hepatoprotective Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Pods of Acacia concinna / Kumar Tataji Setti et al /INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENt / June 2011 IssueJune -2011 / Volume - 3/Issue - 04(4)In vitro Effectiveness of Acacia concinna Extract against Dermatomycotic Pathogens / Mansuang Wuthi-udomiert and Omboon Vallisuta / Pharmacognosy Journal / DOI: 10.5530/pj.2011.19.13(5)Immunological adjuvant activities of saponin extracts from the pods of Acacia concinna / RatiyaKukhetpitakwong, Chariya Hahnvajanawong et al / International Immunopharmacology, Volume 6, Issue11, November 2006, Pages 1729-1735 / doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2006.08.004(6)Screening of Secondary Metabolites and Antibacterial Activity of Acacia concinna / S S Todar, V V Chavanand A S Kulkami / Research Journal of Microbiology, 2010, Vol 5, No10, Pp 974 - 979.(7)CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTS OF SAPONINS FROM ACACIA CONCINNA DC . / DR. DURAGKARNANDAKISHORE JEEVANRAO, DR. GORE SHUBHANG et al /(8)Kinmoonosides A-C, Three New Cytotoxic Saponins from the Fruits of Acacia concinna, a Medicinal PlantCollected in Myanmar / Yasuhiro Tezuka, Kazuyuki Honda, Arjun H. Banskota, Maung Maung Thet, andShigetoshi Kadota /(9)Acacia sinuata (Lour.) Merr. / Catalogue of Life, China(10)Sorting Acacia names / Maintained by: Michel H. Porcher, / MULTILINGUAL MULTISCRIPT PLANT NAMEDATABASE / The University of Melbourne, Australia / Copyright © 1997 - 2000 The University of Melbourne.(11)Volatile Compounds from Som Poy (Acacia concinna DC.) / Punchavee Sombatsiri and GriangsakChairote / Acta Hort. 679, ISHS 2005(12)Insecticidal Activity of the Phyto-extracts Derived from Different parts of the trees of Fabaceae familyagainst Hyblaea puera Cramer (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) / B. Deepa and O.K. Remadevi / BiologicalForum ó An International Journal, 3(2): 1-8(2011)
