Transcript
1) Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions reactions by lowering lowering the - Acti ctivatio ation n energ ergy 2) The process process of inuencing inuencing the chemical chemical bonds bonds in a way way that lowers lowers the needed needed to speed up a chemical chemical reaction reaction is called called catalysis catalysis -activation energy !) protein catalysts that speed up the various metabolic biological reactions in an orgranism are called processes ") #$idation and reduction reactions are chemical processes
that result in a gain or loss in -electrons %) the speci&city of an enzyme is due to its activite site' The active site is shaped so that only a certain -substrate molecule can &t into it () glucose is broen down to carbon dio$ide and water in organisms which breathe air in a process called respiration aerobic *)chemiosmotic generation of atp is driven by - a di+erence in , concentration on two sides of the mitochondrial membrane .) a molecule that stores energy by lining charged phosphate groups near each other is called -AT/ 0)when o$ygen is limiting during heavy e$ercise muscle cells revert to fermentation fermentation for energy energy production production -lactid acid 1) the &rst stage of cellular respiration occurs with or without o$ygen present -glycosis
3hapters 1411 1)in the human body cells 5non-se$ cells) contain two sets of chromosomes totaling "( 2)each chromosome has a a point of constriction containing certain repeated 67A se8uences that bind speci&c proteins centromere !)prophase is the &rst stage of mitosis characterized by the of the chromosomes
condensation ")the attachment of which molecules is critical for the proper separation of sister chromatids9 microtubules %)the accommodation of the very long dna &ber into a limited space of the nucleus is achieved by coiling around beads of histones into repeating subunits' These subunits of chromosomes are given the name nucleosomes () which of the following produces identical cells9 mitosis :*)a process in which pairs of homologous comple$ chromosomes line up side by side homologue .) the pairing of chromosomes along their lengths which is essential for crossing over is referred to as synapsis 0) the two homologous chromosomes pair along their length early in the &rst nuclear division' 6uring this physical ;oining genetic e$change occurs between them in a process called recombination 1)chromosomes e$change genetic information by 3rossing over 3hapter 12 1) purple owers and p>white and T>tall plants and t >dward' ?hat would be the appearance of a plant with the genotype /pTt
