Transcript
Case Digest: Natalia Realty, Inc. and Estate Developer and Investors Corp vs DAR GR No 103302 1 03302 Natalia Realty, Inc. and Estate Developer and Investors Corp vs D AR GR No 103302
August 12, 1993
Facts: Natalia is the owner of 3 contiguous parcels of land with an area of 120.9793 hectares, 1.3205 hectares and 2.7080 hectares or a total of 125.0078 hectares, which are covered by TCT No. 31527. Presidential Proclamation No. 1637 set aside 20,312 hectar es of land as townsite areas to absorb the population overspill in the metropolis which were designated as the Lungsod Silangan Townsite. The Natalia properties are situated within the ar eas proclaimed as townsite reservation. Since private landowners were allowed to develop their properties into low-cost housing subdivisions with the reservation, petitioner EDIC as developer of Natalia applied for and was granted preliminary approval and location clearances by the Human Settlements Re gulatory Commission, which Natalia thereafter became Antipolo Hills Subdivision. On June 15 1988, Ra 6657 went to effect. Respondent issed a Notice of Coverage on the t he undeveloped portions of Antipolo Hills Subdivision. Natalia and EDIC immediately registered its objection to the notice of coverage and requested the cancellation of the Notice of Coverage.
Natalia and EDIC both argued that the propert ies ceased to be agricultural lands when they we re included in the areas reserved by Presidential Proclamation for the townsite reservation. DAR then contended that the permits granted were not valid and binding since they did not comply with t he implementing Standards, Rules and Regulations Re gulations of PD 957 (The Subdivision and Condominium Buyers Protective Decree), and that there was no valid conversion of the properties.
Issue: Whether or not lands not classified for agr icultural use, as approved by the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board and its agencies prior to June 15, 1988 covered by RA 6657.
Ruling: No, Sec. 4 of RA 6657 provides that CARL shall cover, regardless of tenurial arrangement and commodity produced, all public and private agricultural lands. And agricultural lands is referred to as land devoted to agricultural activity and not classified as mineral, forst, r esidential, commercial or industrial land. Thus, the underdeveloped portions of the Antipolo Hills Subdivision cannot be considered as agricultural
lands for this land was intended for residential use. They cease d to be agricultural land by virtue of the Presidential Proclamation No. 1637.
Pedro de Guzman v. Court of Appeals (G.R. No. L-47822 )
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Facts:
Respondent Ernesto Cendana was engaged in buying up used bottles and scrap metal in Pangasinan. After collection, respondent would bring such material to Manila for resale. He utilized (2) two sixwheelers trucks which he owned for the purpose. Upon returning to Pangasinan, he would load his vehicle with cargo belonging to different merc hants for delivery to different establishments in Pangasisnan for which respondent charged a freight fee.
Sometime in November 1970, petitioner Pe dro de Guzman, a merchant and dealer o f General Milk Company Inc. in Pangasinan contracted with respondent for hauling 750 cartons of milk. Unfor tunately, only 150 cartons were delivered, as the other 600 cartons were intercepted by hijackers along Marcos Highway. Hence, petitioner commenced an action against private r espondent. In his defense, respondent argued that he cannot be held liable due to force majeure, and that he is not a common carrier, hence not required to exercise extraordinary diligence.
Issues: 1. Whether or not respondent is a common carrier. 2. Whether or not respondent can be held liable for loss of the 600 cartons of milk due to force majeure.
Held:
1. Respondent is a common carrier. Article 1732 of the New Civil Code does not distinguish between one whose principal business activity is the carrying of persons or goods or both, and one who does such carrying only as an ancillary activity. It also avoids a distinction between a person or enterprise offering transportation services on a regular or scheduled basis and one offering such services on an occasional, episodic, and unscheduled basis.
2. The court ruled in the affirmative. The circumstances do not fall under the exemption from liability as enumerated in Article 1734 of the Civil Code. The general rule is established by the article that common carriers are responsible for the loss, destruction or deterioration of the goods which they carry, unless the same is due to any of the following causes only: a. Flood, storm, earthquake, lightning or other natural disasters; b. Act of the public enemy, whether international or civil; c. Act or omission of the shipper or owner of the goods; d. Character of the goods or defects in the packing; e. Order or act of competent public authority.
