Transcript
General Chemistry: Atoms First, 2e (McMurry and Fay) Chapter 10 Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes
10.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) The bonds in the polyatomic ion CO32– are are classified as ) ionic. !) metallic. C) nonpolar co"alent. #) polar co"alent. ns$er% # #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces 2) *hich co"alent bond is the most polar+ ) ,- !) C- C) Cl- #) - ns$er% ! #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces lo. Option% alorithmic 3) *hich has a dipole moment+ ) CO2 !) CO32– C) &O2 #) &O/2– ns$er% C #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.1 olar Co"alent !onds and #ipole #ipole Moments /) *hich of the follo$in molecules does not ha"e a dipole moment+ ) C2C2 !) ,3 C) C3 ,2 #) Cl ns$er% #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.1 olar Co"alent !onds and #ipole #ipole Moments lo. Option% alorithmic
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) *hich of the follo$in should ha"e the larest dipole moment+ ) 24 g ) !) CO24 g ) C) 'Cl4 g ) #) C34 g 4 g ) ns$er% C #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.1 olar Co"alent !onds and #ipole #ipole Moments lo. Option% alorithmic 5) The dipole moment of Cl is 0.66 #7 and its bond lenth is 153 15 3 pm. *hat is the percent ionic character of the Cl- bond+ ) 0./8 !) 9.68 C) 118 #) 28 ns$er% C #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.1 olar Co"alent !onds and #ipole #ipole Moments 9) The dipole moment of !r is 1.2: #7 and its bond lenth is 196 1 96 pm. *hat is the percent ionic character of the !r- bond+ ) 3.:8 !) 6.8 C) 18 #) 338 ns$er% C #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.1 olar Co"alent !onds and #ipole #ipole Moments 6) Cl is found to ha"e 96.18 ionic character7 and its as phase dipole moment is 11. #. *hat is the distance bet$een the and Cl atoms in aseous Cl+ ) :.1: ; 10-10 pm !) 1/.9 pm C) 309 pm #) :03 pm ns$er% C #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.1 olar Co"alent !onds and #ipole #ipole Moments
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:) *hich has the smallest dipole-dipole forces+ ) C3 !) Cl C) ,2 #) CO ns$er% C #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces lo. Option% alorithmic 10) *hich of the follo$in does not e;hibit hydroen bondin+ ) !) C) #) O C O ns$er% #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces 11) *hich of the follo$in compounds e;hibits hydroen bondin+ ) C3Cl !) ( C) 3C-O-C3 #) ,3 ns$er% # #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces lo. Option% alorithmic 12) *hich of the follo$in e;hibits hydroen bondin+ ) O !) O C) #) C, ns$er% #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces
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13) *hich of the follo$in e;hibits ion-dipole forces+ ) ,aCl4 s) s) !) ,aCl4aq ,aCl4aq)) C) ,a4 s ,a4 s)) #) Cl24 g ) ns$er% ! #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces 1/) *hich is e;pected to ha"e the larest dispersion forces+ ) C25 !) C616 C) ,2 #) CO2 ns$er% ! #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces lo. Option% alorithmic 1) *hich substance in each of the follo$in pairs is e;pected to ha"e the larer dispersion forces+
) !r 2 in set ( and n-butane in set (( !) !r 2 in set ( and isobutane in set (( C) (2 in set ( and n-butane in set (( #) (2 in set ( and isobutane in set (( ns$er% C #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces
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15) *hich of the follo$in compounds e;hibits only dipole-dipole intermolecular interactions+ ) ,2 !) !r C) CO2 #) 2O ns$er% ! #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces lo. Option% alorithmic 19) (n liiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii !) C 4diamond) C) O2 #) CO2 ns$er% ! #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.5 'inds 'inds of &olids ) *hich of the follo$in compounds forms a co"alent net$or= solid+ ) C616 !) ,O2 C) &iO2 #) &nCl/ ns$er% C #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.5 'inds 'inds of &olids 5) *hich type of bondin does M form upon solidification+ ) co"alent net$or= !) ionic C) metallic #) molecular ns$er% C #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.5 'inds 'inds of &olids lo. Option% alorithmic 9) The $a"elenth of liht used to obser"e o bser"e an obect must be than the obect itself. ) larer !) less than t$ice C) of hiher enery #) of lo$er enery ns$er% ! #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.9 robin the &tructure of &olids% J-Lay Crystalloraphy Crystalloraphy 6) The structure of a solid can be determined by diffraction of radiation in $hich reion of the electromanetic radiation spectrum+ ) infrared !) micro$a"e C) "isible #) J-ray ns$er% # #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.9 robin the &tructure of &olids% J-Lay Crystalloraphy Crystalloraphy 14 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
:) o$ many atoms are in one face-centered cubic unit cell of a metal+ ) 1 !) 2 C) 3 #) / ns$er% # #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.6 The ac=in of &pheres in Crystalline &olids% Nnit Cells Cells 50) o$ many atoms are in one body-centered cubic unit cell of a metal+ ) 1 !) 2 C) 3 #) / ns$er% ! #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.6 The ac=in of &pheres in Crystalline &olids% Nnit Cells Cells 51) *hen cubic unit cells stac= toether7 ho$ many unit cells share a common corner+ ) 2 !) / C) 5 #) 6 ns$er% # #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.6 The ac=in of &pheres in Crystalline &olids% Nnit Cells Cells 52) o$ many unit cells share an atom that is on the face of o f a face-centered cubic unit cell+ ) 1 !) 2 C) / #) 6 ns$er% ! #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.6 The ac=in of &pheres in Crystalline &olids% Nnit Cells Cells 53) *hich type of spherical pac=in has the most unused space+ ) body-centered cubic !) cubic closest-pac=ed C) cubic closest-pac=ed and he;aonal closest-pac=ed #) simple cubic ns$er% # #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.6 The ac=in of &pheres in Crystalline &olids% Nnit Cells Cells
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5/) (ron crystalli@es in a body-centered cubic cell ha"in an ede lenth of 269 pm. *hat is the density of iron in Gcm3. ) 1.:: !) 9.6 C) 11.: #) 1.: ns$er% ! #iff% 3 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.6 The ac=in of &pheres in Crystalline &olids% Nnit Cells Cells 5) *hat is the ede lenth of a face-centered cubic unit cell made up of atoms ha"in a radius of 19 pm+ ) 2/9 pm !) /: pm C) 900 pm #) 1/00 pm ns$er% ! #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.6 The ac=in of &pheres in Crystalline &olids% Nnit Cells Cells lo. Option% alorithmic 55) Lhodium has a face-centered cubic structure and has a density of 12./ Gcm3. *hat is its atomic radius+ ) 13/ pm !) 256 pm C) 360 pm #) 1090 pm ns$er% #iff% / Topic% Topic% &ection 10.6 The ac=in of &pheres in Crystalline &olids% Nnit Cells Cells lo. Option% alorithmic 59) &il"er crystalli@es in a face-centered cubic structure. *hat is the ede lenth of the unit cell if the atomic radius of sil"er is 1// pm+ ) 20/ pm !) 266 pm C) 333 pm #) /09 pm ns$er% # #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.6 The ac=in of &pheres in Crystalline &olids% Nnit Cells Cells lo. Option% alorithmic
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56) n element forms a body-centered cubic crystalline substance. The ede lenth of the unit cell is 269 pm and the density of the crystal is 9.:2 Gcm3. Calculate the atomic $eiht of the substance. ) /.0 amu !) /6.0 amu C) 5./ amu #) 53. amu ns$er% C #iff% Topic% Topic% &ection 10.6 The ac=in of &pheres in Crystalline &olids% Nnit Cells Cells 5:) Cesium has a radius of 292 pm and crystalli@es in a face-centered cubic unit cell. *hat is the ede lenth of the unit cell+ ) 31/ pm !) 36 pm C) // pm #) 95: pm ns$er% # #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.9 robin the &tructure of &olids% J-Lay Crystalloraphy Crystalloraphy lo. Option% alorithmic 90) Mananese crystalli@es in a body-centered cubic structure. *hat is the coordination number of each atom+ ) / !) 5 C) 6 #) 12 ns$er% C #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.6 The ac=in of &pheres in Crystalline &olids% Nnit Cells Cells lo. Option% alorithmic 91) Cubic closest-pac=in ) has a body-centered cubic unit cell. !) has a face-centered cubic unit cell. C) has a simple cubic unit cell. #) has the same unit cell as he;aonal closest-pac=in. ns$er% ! #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.6 The ac=in of &pheres in Crystalline &olids% Nnit Cells Cells
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92) The hihest coordination number for spherical pac=in is found in the ) body-centered cubic structure. !) simple cubic structure. C) body-centered cubic and face-centered cubic. #) cubic closest-pac=in and he;aonal closest pac=in. ns$er% # #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.6 The ac=in of &pheres in Crystalline &olids% Nnit Cells Cells 93) 'Cl crystalli@es in a cubic unit cell $ith Cl- ions on each corner and each face. o$ many ' D ions and Cl- ions are in each unit un it cell of 'Cl+ ) 1 ' D ion and 1 Cl- ion !) 2 ' D ions and 2 Cl- ions C) / ' D ions and / Cl- ions #) 6 ' D ions and 6 Cl- ions ns$er% C #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.: &tructures of &ome (onic &olids lo. Option% alorithmic 9/) n ionic compound crystalli@es in a unit cell ha"in a face-centered cubic array of anions7 J – 7 and half of the tetrahedral holes filled $ith metal ions7 M nD The empirical formula of this ionic compound is ) MJ. !) MJ2. C) M2J. #) M2J9. ns$er% #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.: &tructures of &ome (onic &olids 9) n ionic compound crystalli@es in a unit cell ha"in a face-centered cubic array of metal ions7 MnD7 and all of the tetrahedral holes occupied by anions7 J – . The empirical formula of this ionic compound is ) MJ. !) MJ2. C) M2J. #) M9J/. ns$er% ! #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.: &tructures of &ome (onic &olids
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95) The ede lenth of a face-centered cubic lattice of ,aCl is 5/ pm. *hat is the density of ,aCl in Gcm3+ ) 0.920 !) 1.06 C) 2.15 #) /.32 ns$er% C #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.: &tructures of &ome (onic &olids 99) o$ many Cl- ions are around each ' D ion in 'Cl7 $hich has a cubic unit cell $ith Cl - ions on each corner and each face+ ) 1 !) / C) 5 #) 6 ns$er% C #iff% 3 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.: &tructures of &ome (onic &olids lo. Option% alorithmic 96) binary ionic compound7 M;y7 crystalli@es in a cubic structure that contains eiht anions 4) entirely $ithin its unit cell and a cation 4M) on each corner and on each face. *hat is the empirical formula of this compound+ ) M !) M2 C) M2 #) M/6 ns$er% ! #iff% 3 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.: &tructures of &ome (onic &olids 9:) O2 and O3 are of o;yen. ) allotropes !) isomers C) isotopes #) stereomers ns$er% #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.10 &tructures of &ome &ome Co"alent ,et$or= &olids
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60) *hich of the follo$in is not an allotrope of carbon+ ) coal !) diamond C) fullerene #) raphite ns$er% #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.10 &tructures of &ome &ome Co"alent ,et$or= &olids 61) The layers of raphite are held toether by ) co"alent bonds. !) dipole-dipole forces. C) >ondon dispersion forces. #) all of the abo"e ns$er% C #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.10 &tructures of &ome &ome Co"alent ,et$or= &olids 62) #iamond is held toether by ) co"alent bonds. !) dipole-dipole forces. C) >ondon dispersion forces. #) all of the abo"e ns$er% #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.10 &tructures of &ome &ome Co"alent ,et$or= &olids 63) encil lead is actually ) fullerene. !) raphite. C) lead. #) silica. ns$er% ! #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.10 &tructures of &ome &ome Co"alent ,et$or= &olids 6/) The critical temperature of a substance is the ) hihest temperature at $hich the liiiiiiithium crystalli@es in a body-centered cubic structure. *hat is the coordination n umber of each atom+ ) / !) 5 C) 6 #) 12 ns$er% C #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.6 The ac=in of &pheres in Crystalline &olids% Nnit Cells Cells 21) ,aCl crystalli@es in a cubic unit cell $ith Cl - ions on each corner and each face. o$ many ,aD and Cl- ions are in each unit cell of ,aCl+ ) 1 ,aD ion and 1 Cl- ion !) 2 ,aD ions and 2 Cl- ions C) / ,aD ions and / Cl- ions #) 6 ,aD ions and 6 Cl- ions ns$er% C #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.: &tructures of &ome (onic &olids 22) o$ many - ions are around each ,aD ion in ,a7 $hich has a cubic unit cell $ith - ions on each corner and each face+ ) 1 !) / C) 5 #) 6 ns$er% C #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.: &tructures of &ome (onic &olids 10.3 &hort ns$er Questions 1) The bonds in the polyatomic ion ,O3 – are are classified as ns$er% polar co"alent. #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.1 olar Co"alent !onds and #ipole #ipole Moments 2) (n the molecule !3 there is a PD chare on the atom and a P– chare on the atom. ns$er% boron7 fluorine #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces
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3) The intermolecular forces formed $hen ,aCl is dissol"ed in $ater are forces. ns$er% ion-dipole #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces /) The intermolecular forces responsible for C3C2O bein at liondon dispersion) #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces 5) Of C2O and C34O)3 the one e;pected to ha"e the hiher "iscosity is 7 and the one e;pected to ha"e the hiher surface tension is . ns$er% C34O)37 C34O)3 #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.3 &ome roperties roperties of >iiii
