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Designation: D 5686 – 95 Standard Specification for “Fiberglass“ (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin)Pipe and Pipe Fittings, Adhesive Bonded Joint Type EpoxyResin, for Condensate Return Lines 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5686; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of srcinal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon ( e ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. Consult the DoD Index of Specifications and Standards for the specific year of issue which has been adopted by the Department of Defense. 1. Scope 1.1 This specification covers machine-made reinforced ther-mosetting epoxy resin pipe and fittings nominal pipe size(NPS) 2 in. (50 mm) through 12 in. (304 mm) diameter to beused for continuous service in condensate return lines for thespecific maximum temperature and pressure covered by thisspecification, 250°F (121°C) and 125 psig (862 kPa).1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are provided forinformation purposes only.1.3 The dimensionless designator NPS has been substitutedin this specification for such traditional terms as “nominaldiameter”,“ size”, and “nominal size”.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 9, of this specification:1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. N OTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics 2 D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlastics 2 D 2310 Classification for Machine-Made Reinforced Ther-mosetting Resin Pipe 3 D 3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of ReinforcedThermosetting Resin Pipe (RTRP) and Fittings 3 D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging 4 F 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems 3 2.2 ANSI Standard: B 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings 5 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions: 3.1.1 General —Definitions are in accordance with Termi-nologies D 833 and F 412 and abbreviations are in accordancewith Terminology D 1600, unless otherwise indicated. Theabbreviation for reinforced thermosetting-resins pipe is RTRP. 4. Classification 4.1 General :4.1.1 Pipe meeting this specification is classified by type,grade, and class similar to Classification D 2310.4.1.2 Fittings meeting this specification are also classifiedby types (method of manufacture) and grades (generic type of resin).4.2 Types of Pipe :4.2.1 Type I —Filament-wound pipe.4.2.2 Type II —Centrifugally-cast pipe.4.3 Types of Fittings :4.3.1 Type I —Filament-wound fittings.4.3.2 Type II —Centrifugally-cast fittings.4.3.3 Type III —Molded fittings.4.4 Grades of Pipe and Fittings :4.4.1 Grade I —Glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy resin (pipe andfittings).4.5 Classes of Pipe :4.5.1 Class C —Epoxy resin liner (nonreinforced).4.5.2 Class F —Epoxy resin liner (reinforced). 5. Materials and Manufacture 5.1 General —The fiberglass pipe and fittings shall beround, straight, and of uniform density, resin content, andsurface finish. All pipe ends shall be cut at right angles to theaxis of the pipe and any sharp edges removed. The bore of thepipe shall contain a smooth uniform liner to protect the glassfiber reinforcement. The liner shall be composed of all epoxy 1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on ReinforcedPlastic Piping System and Chemical Equipment.Current edition approved April 15, 1995. Published June 1995. 2 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. 3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04. 4 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09. 5 Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd St., 13thFloor, New York, NY 10036. 1 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM COPYRIGHT American Society for Testing and MaterialsLicensed by Information Handling Services COPYRIGHT American Society for Testing and MaterialsLicensed by Information Handling Services resin formulation and may contain a reinforcement. The boreof the fittings shall have a smooth, uniform surface with noexposed fibers.5.2 Materials —Materials used shall be free from defectswhich would adversely affect the performance or maintainabil-ity of individual components or of the overall assembly.5.2.1 Pipe and Fittings —The pipe and fittings shall be madefrom epoxy resins and glass-fiber reinforcement. Fillers, colo-rants, and other materials may be added, provided that the pipeand fittings produced meet all the requirements of this speci-fication.5.2.2 Adhesive —Adhesive for joint assembly shall be amaterial suitable for providing a permanent seal between thepipe and fittings in continuous service up to 125 psig (862 kPa)at 250°F (121°C). The adhesive shall be supplied as a kit whichincludes containers of all components in the amounts neededfor each adhesive mixture. Instructions for use shall be markedon each container or listed on an instruction sheet included ineach adhesive kit. As specified on the purchase order, adhesivekits shall be furnished in a sufficient quantity for the particularprocurement of pipe and fittings. 6. Dimensions 6.1 Pipe —The pipe shall be 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12-in.nominal size as specified on the purchase order and shall havethe dimensions and tolerances shown in Table 1.6.1.1 Length —Unless other lengths are specified on thepurchase order, the length of the pipe shall be 20 ft (6.1 m) or30 ft (9.1 m) with a plus tolerance of 2 ft (0.61 m) and a minustolerance of 5 ft (1.5 m), when measured in accordance with8.2.3.6.1.2 Wall Thickness —The minimum wall thickness of thepipe shall be not less than 87.5 % of the average wall thicknessof the pipe as tested in Section 9, when measured in accordancewith 8.2.3.6.2 Fittings —Fittings shall be 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 or 12-in.nominal size, as specified on the purchase order and shall havedimensions suitable for joining to the pipe and enabling thepipe and fitting joint to meet the requirements of this specifi-cation. For purposes of this specification, fittings shall includecouplings and flanges.6.3 Flanges —Flanges shall conform to the bolt-hole sizesand pattern for 150-lb steel flanges in ANSI B 16.5. 7. Performance Requirements 7.1 Joint Strength —Pipe, fittings, and joints shall show noporosity or other evidence of failure when tested in accordancewith 9.4.7.2 Impact Resistance —Pipe and fittings shall show noporosity or visual evidence of damage that would affectserviceability when tested in accordance with 9.5.7.3 Boil Resistance —Pipe and fittings shall show no evi-dence of delamination or other impairment and shall have aweight gain no greater than 1.0 % when tested in accordancewith 9.6.7.4 Beam Strength —The elastic modulus of the pipe shallbe a minimum of 1 000 000 psi (6895 MPa) in accordance with9.7.7.5 Cycling Resistance —The pipe and fittings assemblyshall not show evidence of leakage or other visible signs of damage after being subjected to the following series:7.5.1 Initial deflection cycles,7.5.2 Pressure cycles,7.5.3 Temperature cycles,7.5.4 Water-hammer cycles, and7.5.5 Final deflection cycles when tested in accordance with9.8.7.6 Hydrostatic Proof Pressure —The pipe and fittings shallwithstand 200 psig (1380 kPa) without any indication of porosity when tested in accordance with 9.9. 8. Workmanship 8.1 Pipe —The pipe shall be free from all defects includingdelaminations, cracks, indentations, bubbles, pinholes, poros-ity, resin-rich areas, and resin-starved areas which due to theirnature, degree or extent, may detrimentally affect the strengthand serviceability of the pipe and fittings. The pipe liner shallbe free of cracks, chips, or other damage.8.2 Examination :8.2.1 Sampling —Select a sufficient quantity of pipe, fittings,and adhesive kits, in accordance with accepted statisticalpractice and as agreed upon between the purchaser and theseller, from each lot or shipment. Examine to determineconformance with this specification. In the case of no prioragreement, random samples selected by the testing laboratoryshall be deemed adequate.8.2.2 Pipe and Fittings —Examine the sample pipe andfittings selected for the following defects: incorrect dimen-sions; ends of pipe not cut at right angles to the axis; exposedfibers or nonuniform surface on bore of pipe or fittings; crackedor chipped liner (if used); bubbles, pinholes, delaminations,cracks, indentations, resin-rich or resin-starved areas in theouter wall that will affect the strength and performance of theproduct; and incorrect or missing identification marking. Anysample pipe or fitting having one or more of the defects listedshall be considered a defective unit.8.2.3 Dimensions —Determine the pipe and fitting dimen-sions in accordance with the applicable sections of PracticeD 3567.8.2.4 Adhesive —Examine the sample adhesive kits selected TABLE 1 Dimensions of Pipe NominalPipeSize,in.Outside Diameter,ToleranceType I Type IIin. (mm) in. (mm) in. (mm)2 2.375 (60.32) +0.060 (+1.52 +0.012 ( 6 0.305)−0.018 −0.46)3 3.500 (88.90) +0.060 (+1.52 +0.012 ( 6 0.305)−0.018 −0.46)4 4.500 (114.30) +0.060 (+1.52 +0.015 ( 6 0.381)−0.018 −0.46)6 6.625 (168.28) +0.066 (+1.68 +0.025 ( 6 0.635)−0.028 −0.64)8 8.625 (219.08) +0.086 (+2.18 +0.025 ( 6 0.635)−0.040 −1.02)10 10.750 (273.05) +0.108 (+2.74 +0.025 ( 6 0.635)−0.048 −1.22)12 12.750 (323.85) +0.128 (+3.25 +0.025 ( 6 0.635)−0.056 −1.42) D 5686 2 COPYRIGHT American Society for Testing and MaterialsLicensed by Information Handling Services COPYRIGHT American Society for Testing and MaterialsLicensed by Information Handling Services for missing adhesive components, missing instructions for use,and missing or incorrect identification marking. Any sampleadhesive kit having one or more of the defects listed shall beconsidered a defective unit. 9. Test Methods 9.1 Sampling —Select a sufficient quantity of pipe, fittings,and adhesive kits, in accordance with accepted statisticalpractice and as agreed upon between the purchaser and theseller, from each lot or shipment. Test to determine conform-ance with this specification. In the case of no prior agreement,random samples selected by the testing laboratory shall bedeemed adequate.9.2 Tests —Test the sample pipe, fittings, and adhesive kitsselected in accordance with the tests specified in 9.4-9.9. Anysample failing to pass any of these tests shall be considered adefective unit.9.3 Test Conditions —Unless otherwise specified in the testmethod, test specimens shall be conditioned for not less than48 h in a room maintained at 60°F (15°C) to 90°F (32°C) andtested at the same temperature range. Unless otherwise speci-fied, the test pressure in the individual test methods shall havea tolerance of +10 psig (68.9 kPa) and −0 psig (0 kPa).9.4 Joint Strength —Fabricate joint assemblies containingthe pipe, fittings, and adhesive. Apply the adhesive and cureunder field conditions in accordance with the manufacturer’sprinted instructions. The completed test section may be anassembly containing each kind of fitting to be furnished undera contract, or may be simply one fitting joined between twopieces of pipe. When a section containing just one fitting isused, then similar test sections containing the other kinds of fittings to be furnished must also be tested. If the test sectioncontaining the one fitting is used, the longest end-to-enddimension shall be 18 in., or seven times the outside diameterof the pipe, whichever is greater. If the test section containsmore than one fitting, the pipe length between fittings shall be6 in. (15 cm), or three times the outside diameter of the pipe,whichever is greater. The test section shall be subjected to ahydrostatic pressure of 200 psig (1380 kPa) at 300°F (149°C)for 168 h. The liquid medium used shall be an oil selected bythe testing laboratory and shall contain a soluble fluorescentdye. Observations with an ultraviolet lamp shall be made each24 h for porosity or other evidence of failure of the pipe fittingsor joints.9.5 Impact Resistance —Drop a steel ball 2 in. (50.8 mm) indiameter and weighing approximately 1.2 lb (0.545 kg)squarely onto the surface of the pipe or fitting specimen with afree fall (which may be guided) from a height of 1 ft. The pipespecimen shall be a minimum of 2 ft (0.61 m) in length, and thefitting specimen shall be the complete fitting. The ball may becaught or deflected after the hit so that the rebound does not hitthe specimen. The specimen shall be full of water containing asoluble fluorescent dye, but shall not be pressurized. The testshall be made at room temperature, and the specimen shall besupported on a solid flat support. Make four drops on randomlyselected areas of the pipe specimen, 90° clockwise from eachother. Make one drop on the fitting specimen. Pressure thespecimen to 200 psig (1380 kPa) and hold the pressure at 200psig (1380 kPa) for 168 h. At the end of 168 h, examine thespecimen for porosity with an ultraviolet lamp and then emptythe specimen and examine it for evidence of damage.9.6 Boil Resistance —Cut a test specimen 1.5 in. (38.1 mm)in length from the sample pipe. Fittings shall be tested usingeither the whole fitting or a 1.5 in. (38.1 mm) length cut fromthe fitting. Condition the test specimens in an oven for 8 h at200°F (93°C), then desiccate and obtain an initial weight.Suspend the specimens in a boiling distilled water bath for 3 h.Remove specimens one at a time, blot dry of excess water, andweigh. This weighing shall be made within 1.5 min afterremoval from the bath. After weighing, visually examine thespecimens for delaminations or other evidence of impairmentand calculate the percent weight gain of the specimens asfollows: Weight gain, % 5 B 2 A A 3 100 () where: A = initial weight, and B = weight after immersion.9.7 Beam Strength —Cap and fill with water and heat to200°F (93°C) a minimum 6 ft (1.83 m) length of pipe. Do notpressure the pipe and maintain the temperature for the durationof the test. Suspend the pipe by laying the end caps onappropriate supports, allowing the pipe to hang free betweenthe supports, and supporting the end caps at their centers of gravity. Measure the sag in the pipe and record every 168 h fora period of 1008 6 8 h. Use the sag at the end of the test tocalculate the value of E in the following formula: Inch-pound: Y 5 22.5 WL 4 EI () SI: Y 5 0.0013 WL 4 EI () I 5 ~ D 4 2 d 4 ! 64() where: E = elastic modulus as defined by this test, psi (MPa), I = 0.0491 ( D 4 − d 4 ), cross-section moment of inertia of pipe, in. 4 (mm 4 ), W = weight, lb/ft (kg/cm) of pipe, including water, L = length of span, ft (cm), Y = deflection or sag, in. (mm), D = outside diameter of pipe, in. (mm), and d = inside diameter of pipe, in. (mm). N OTE 2—Sag is measured from the horizontal plane of the pipesupports to the lower surface of the loaded pipe. 9.8 Cycling Resistance :9.8.1 Test Equipment —Test various assemblies of pipingsystem components in a test rack having a structural steelframe. The test pipe shall provide a means of firmly securing a1-ft (0.30-m) reinforced plastic-pipe nipple comprising thesupply side of the assembly being tested to the supply side of the rack, and a means of continuously deflecting the outlet sideof the assembly not less than the deflections specified in Table D 5686 3 COPYRIGHT American Society for Testing and MaterialsLicensed by Information Handling Services COPYRIGHT American Society for Testing and MaterialsLicensed by Information Handling Services 2 in both directions at a rate of not less than 8 cycles perminute. Apply the deflection pressure not more than 46 in.(1.17 m) from the centerline of the pipe nipple. Provide inletand outlet headers with traps, heat exchangers, pressure-reducing valves, shut-off valves, and other equipment neces-sary to provide the specified test conditions. The outlet side of each assembly shall consist of a reinforced-plastic flangebolted in a steel flange connected to a flexible outlet pipehaving a diameter not larger than half the diameter of the testpipe. The flexible pipe shall be connected to the outlet header.The test rack shall be so constructed that the assembly beingtested is not restrained from blowing apart if a joint orconnection fails under test.9.8.2 Test Assembly —The test assembly shall consist of thefollowing:9.8.2.1 Nipple Secured to the Test Rack —1-ft (0.3-m),9.8.2.2 Elbow , 90°,9.8.2.3 Nipple —1-ft (0.3-m),9.8.2.4 Coupling ,9.8.2.5 Pipe —3-ft (0.91-m) in length, and9.8.2.6 Fiberglass Flange , bolted to the steel outlet flange.9.8.2.7 Wrap the entire assembly with 3 ⁄ 4 -in. (19.1-mm)fiberglass insulation to simulate ground cover. Test all change-of-direction type fittings, such as 45° elbows, tees, crosses,laterals, and saddles, by substituting them for the 90° elbow inthe assembly. Test all other types of joints, such as bell-endpipe, fiberglass pipe to steel pipe adapters, flange and gaskets,and reducers, by substituting them for the coupling in theabove assembly. Blank off open ends and realign the inletnipple as necessary to accommodate changes in direction otherthan 90°.9.8.3 Test Procedure —Perform the test with the assemblybeing continuously deflected to the right of the unrestrainedposition the deflection amount specified in Table 2, and thendeflected the same amount to the left of the unrestrainedposition, and back again to the right of the unrestrainedposition. The direction of the deflections shall be in the planeof the fitting being tested. The deflection rate shall be not lessthan 8 cycles per minute. Overnight shutdowns are permissible.Conduct the cycling in the following sequence:9.8.3.1 Initial Deflection Cycles —Subject the assembly to1000 deflection cycles with water inside the assembly main-tained at 115 psig (793 kPa) and 250°F (121°C).9.8.3.2 Pressure Cycles —With deflection cycles continuing,rapidly lower the test pressure to 30 psig (207 kPa), and thenimmediately allow it to build back to 115 psig (793 kPa) byopening and closing an outlet valve. Repeat this for 20 pressurecycles at a rate of not more than 5 min per cycle.9.8.3.3 Temperature Cycles —With deflection cycles con-tinuing, increase the temperature of the water inside theassembly to 300°F (149°C) and then lower to 60°F (16°C), andthen increasing to 300°F (149°C) for 20 complete cycles.Allow the pressure to vary during the temperature cycling, butnot less than 115 psig (793 kPa) when the temperature is 300°F(149°C). The cycles may be as rapid as desired, but shall not bemore than 30 min per cycle.9.8.3.4 Water-Hammer Cycles —With deflection cycles con-tinuing, water-hammer shall be produced by pressurizing theassembly with 15 psig (103 kPa) steam from the supply headerand then introducing water at 50 psig (345 kPa) and 80°F(27°C) from the outlet header until the pressure steadies at 50psig (345 kPa). Drain the water until the assembly containsonly steam, and repeat the process every 20 cycles. Themaximum time per cycle shall not exceed 15 min.9.8.3.5 Final Deflection Cycles —Following the water-hammer cycles, repeat steady the pressure and temperature at115 psig (793 kPa) and 250°F (121°C) and continue thedeflection cycles for 1000 cycles.9.8.4 Inspection —Following the final deflection cycles, andwhile still deflecting, remove the fiberglass insulation andvisually inspect for leaks and other signs of damage. Thedeflection shall then be stopped and the assembly pressurizedto 1 1 ⁄ 2 times the manufacturer’s rated pressure and reinspectedfor leaks and damage.9.9 Hydrostatic Proof —Fill the pipe completely with freshwater and pressurize to 200 psig (1380 kPa) or 1 1 ⁄ 2 times themanufacturer’s rated pressure, whichever is greater. The testshall be made at room temperature and after the water in thepipe has had time to reach room temperature. Keep the pipeunder pressure for not less than 5 min, and then examine it forporosity while still under pressure. 10. Inspection 10.1 Conduct inspection of the material as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the seller as part of the purchaseorder.10.2 Responsibility for Inspection —Unless otherwise speci-fied in the contract or purchase order, the producer is respon-sible for the performance of all inspection and test require-ments specified. The producer may use any suitable facilitiesfor the performance of the inspection and test requirementsspecified, unless the purchaser disapproves. The purchasershall have the right to perform any of the inspections and testsset forth in this specification, where such inspections aredeemed necessary to ensure that material confirms to pre-scribed requirements. N OTE 3—In U.S. Federal contracts, the contractor is responsible forinspection. 11. Certification 11.1 Unless otherwise specified on the purchase contract, acertificate of compliance from an independent commerciallaboratory or factory-inspection agency acceptable to thepurchaser will be accepted as proof that the requirements in7.1-7.5 for the destructive tests specified in 9.4-9.8 to (jointstrength, impact resistance, boil resistance, beam strength, and TABLE 2 Deflection for Cycling Resistance Nominal Pipe Size,in.Minimum Deflection fromUnrestrained Position, in. (mm)2 0.50 (12.7)3 0.50 (12.7)4 0.50 (12.7)6 0.29 (7.4)8 0.20 (5.1)10 0.13 (3.3)12 0.09 (2.3) D 5686 4 COPYRIGHT American Society for Testing and MaterialsLicensed by Information Handling Services COPYRIGHT American Society for Testing and MaterialsLicensed by Information Handling Services
