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Est Gest Jud Tl 66

Descripción: EST GEST JUD TL 66

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Lg hvbtgibùo khl pr`ihs`5 I`oiblbgibùo prhvbg y rhilgdgibùo gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg. Hl pr`ihs` `rkbogrb`5 Khdgokg, i`oiblbgibùo y eubib`. ^hiurs`s5 kh suplbigibùo y kh igsgibùo pgrg lg uobfbigibùo kh k`itrbog3 kbsp`sbib`ohs i`duohs g gdn`s rhiurs`s [HDG 66 ^HFH^HOIBGY LHABYLG[BVGY Lhy 96/>=77, kh 7= kh `itunrh, rhaulgk`rg kh lg eurbskbiibùo s`ibgl, iuyg õltbdg d`kbfbigibùo sh jg pr`kuibk` p`r Lhy 92/>=78, kh 7 kh `itunrh, khl ]r`ihkbdbhot` Gkdbobstrgtbv` I`dõo kh lgs  Gkdbobstrg  Gkdbo bstrgib`oh ib`ohss ]õnlbigs ]õn lbigs ^hgl Khirht` Lhabslgtbv` >/>=78, kh >9 kh `itunrh, p`r hl quh sh gpruhng hl thxt` rhfuokbk` kh lg Lhy khl Hstgtut` kh l`s [rgngegk`rhs iuyg õltbdg d`kbfbigibùo sh jg pr`kuibk` p`r ^hgl Khirht`-lhy :/>=71, kh 7> kh dgy`, p`r hl quh sh d`kbfbig hl râabdho kh l`s trgngegk`rhs pgrg lg prhstgibùo khl shrvbib` p`rtugrb` kh dgobpulgibùo kh dhrigoiägs kgok` iudplbdbhot` g lg Yhothoibg khl [rbnuogl kh Eustbibg kh lg Xobùo Hur`phg kh 77 kh kbibhdnrh kh >=7;, rhigäkg ho hl Gsuot` I-816/79 (pr`ihkbdbhot` kh bofrgiibùo >==2/;=8>) @NEH[BV@Y Ygnhr iùd` tbhoh luagr lg hvbtgibùo khl pr`ihs` dhkbgoth lg i`oiblbgibùo prhvbg y lg rhilgdgibùo gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg I`o`ihr hl pr`ihs` `rkbogrb`5 lg bothrp`sbibùo kh lg khdgokg, hl git` kh i`oiblbgibùo y hl eubib` Hstukbgr hl sbsthdg kh rhiurs`s kh suplbigibùo y kh igsgibùo pgrg lg uobfbigibùo kh k`itrbog ]r`ihkbdbhot`s Eukbibglhs. H) ]r`ihkbdbhot` I`othoib`s` Gkdbobstrgtbv` y Lgn`rgl. [hdg 66 7. LG HVB[GIBÙO KHL ]^@IHY@5 I@OIBLBGIBÙO ]^HVBG R ^HILGDGIBÙO GKDBOBY[^G[BVG ]^HVBG [ätul` V khl Lbnr` B L^EY5 “Kh lg hvbtgibùo khl pr`ihs`— - Igpätul` B. Kh lg i`oiblbgibùo ` dhkbgibùo prhvbgs y kh l`s lguk`s grnbtrglhs (grts. 69 g 6:) - Igpätul` BB. Khl ga`tgdbhot` kh lg väg gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg g lg väg eukbibgl (grts. 62 g 19) 7.7 I`oiblbgibùo prhvbg I`oiblbgibùo ùo prhvbg Ho lg vbahoth L^EY kh 7= kh `itunrh kh >=77, hs kh khstgigr quh  euot` g lg trgkbib`ogl rhaulgibùo kh lg i`oiblbgibùo prhvbg, sh botr`kuiho tgdnbâo ho hl Igp. B khl [ät. V khl Lbn. B, lg rhfhrhoibg g lg dhkbgibùo3 gl tbhdp` quh sh kbstboauho k`s supuhst`s5 hl kh lg i`oiblbgibùo ` dhkbgibùo goth hl shrvbib` gkdbobstrgtbv` i`rrhsp`okbhoth y hl grnbtrgeh goth hl ùrago` quh puhkg i`ostbtubrsh dhkbgoth giuhrk`s bothrpr`fhsb`oglhs ` i`ovhob`s i`lhitbv`s, i`o bkâotbi`s hfhit`s ho gdn`s igs`s. G. Igrçithr prhihptbv` prhihptbv` kh lg i`oiblbgibùo ` dhkbgibùo prhvbgs (grt. 69 L^EY) Yhrç rhqubsbt` prhvb` pgrg lg trgdbtgibùo khl pr`ihs` hl bothot` kh i`oiblbgibùo `, ho su igs`, kh dhkbgibùo goth hl shrvbib` gkdbobstrgtbv` i`rrhsp`okbhoth ` goth hl ùrago` quh gsudg hstgs fuoib`ohs quh p`krç i`ostbtubrsh5 - Dhkbgoth l`s giuhrk`s bothrpr`f bothrpr`fhsb`oglhs hsb`oglhs ` l`s i`ovhob`s i`lhitbv`s g l`s quh sh rhfbhrh hl grt. :9 khl Hstgtut` kh l`s [rgngegk`rhs. - Dhkbgoth l`s giuhrk`s kh bothrâs pr`fhsb`ogl g l`s quh sh rhfbhrho l`s grt.79 y 7:.7 kh lg Lhy khl Hstgtut` khl trgnge` gutùo`d` (g pr`pùsbt` kh l`s trgngegk`rhs gutùo`d`s hi`oùdbigdhoth khphokbhoths khphokbhoths).). N. Hxihpib`ohs g lg i`oiblbgibù i`oiblbgibùo o ` dhkbgibùo prhvbgs (grt. 6; L^EY) Yh hxihptõgo khl rhqubsbt` khl bothot` kh i`oiblbgibùo `, ho su igs`, kh dhkbgibùo l`s pr`ihs`s quh hxbego hl ga`tgdbhot` kh lg väg gkdbobstrgtbvg, ho su igs`, l`s quh vhrsho s`nrh Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl, l`s rhlgtbv`s g lg bdpuaogibùo khl khspbk` i`lhitbv` p`r l`s rhprhshotgoths kh l`s trgngegk`rhs, kbsfruth kh vgigib`ohs y g dgthrbg hlhit`rgl, d`vblbkgk ah`arçfbig, d`kbfbigibùo sustgoibgl kh lgs i`okbib`ohs kh trgnge`, susphosbùo khl i`otrgt` y 81;   hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp Lg hvbtgibùo khl pr`ihs`5 I`oiblbgibùo prhvbg y rhilgdgibùo gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg rhkuiibùo kh e`rogkg p`r igusgs hi`oùdbigs, tâiobigs, `ragobzgtbvgs ` kh pr`kuiibùo ` khrbvgkgs kh fuhrzg dgy`r, khrhij`s kh i`oiblbgibùo kh lg vbkg phrs`ogl, fgdblbgr y lgn`rgl g l`s quh sh rhfbhrh hl grtäiul` 792, l`s bobibgk`s kh `fbib`, l`s kh bdpuaogibùo kh i`ovhob`s i`lhitbv`s, l`s kh bdpuaogibùo kh l`s hstgtut`s kh l`s sbokbigt`s ` kh su d`kbfbigibùo, l`s kh tuthlg kh l`s khrhij`s fuokgdhotglhs y lbnhrtgkhs põnlbigs, l`s pr`ihs`s kh goulgibùo kh lguk`s grnbtrglhs, l`s kh bdpuaogibùo kh giuhrk`s kh i`oiblbgib`ohs, kh dhkbgib`ohs y kh trgosgiib`ohs, gsä i`d` gquhll`s ho quh sh hehribtho giib`ohs lgn`rglhs kh pr`thiibùo i`otrg lg vb`lhoibg kh aâohr`. Baugldhoth, quhkgo hxihptugk`s5 g) Gquhll`s pr`ihs`s ho l`s quh sbhok` pgrth khdgokgkg khdgokgkg hl Hstgk` u `tr` hoth põnlbi` tgdnbâo l` fuhrho phrs`ogs prbvgkgs, sbhdprh quh lg prhthosbùo junbhrg kh s`dhthrsh gl ga`tgdbhot` kh lg väg gkdbobstrgtbvg y ho hstg pukbhrg khibkbrsh hl gsuot` lbtbab`s`.  n) L`s supuhst`s ho quh, ho iuglqubhr d`dhot` khl pr`ihs`, khspuâs kh jgnhr kbrbabk` lg pgphlhtg ` lg khdgokg i`otrg phrs`ogs khthrdbogkgs, fuhrg ohihsgrb` kbrbabr ` gdplbgr lg dbsdg frhoth g phrs`ogs kbstbotgs kh lgs bobibgldhoth khdgokgkgs. Iugok` p`r lg ogturglhzg kh lg prhthosbùo hehribtgkg hehribtgkg pukbhrg thohr hfbigibg euräkbig hl giuhrk` kh i`oiblbgibùo ` kh dhkbgibùo quh pukbhrg gligozgrsh, guo hstgok` hxihptugk` hl pr`ihs` khl rhfhrbk` rhqubsbt` khl bothot` prhvb`, sb lgs pgrths giukho ho tbhdp` `p`rtuo` v`luotgrbgdhoth y kh i`dõo giuhrk` g tglhs vägs prhvbgs, sh susphokhrço l`s plgz`s kh igkuibkgk ` sh bothrrudpbrço l`s kh prhsirbpibùo ho lg f`rdg hstgnlhibkg ho hl grtäiul` sbaubhoth. I. Hfhit`s kh lg s`lbibtuk s`lbibtuk kh i`oiblbgibùo i`oiblbgibùo ` kh dhkbgibùo prhvbg. L`s lguk`s lguk`s grnbtrglhs (grt. 68 L^EY) Lg prhshotgibùo kh lg s`lbibtuk kh i`oiblbgibùo ` kh dhkbgibùo susphokhrç l`s plgz`s kh igkuibkgk h bothrrudpbrç l`s kh prhsirbpibùo. Hl iùdput` kh lg igkuibkgk sh rhgoukgrç gl käg sbaubhoth kh bothotgkg lg i`oiblbgibùo ` dhkbgibùo ` trgosiurrbk`s 78 kägs jçnblhs, hxiluyhok` khl iùdput` l`s sçngk`s, khskh su prhshotgibùo sbo quh sh jgyg ihlhnrgk`. Ho t`k` igs`, trgosiurrbk`s 9= kägs, i`dputgk`s ho lg f`rdg gothrb`r, sbo jgnhrsh ihlhnrgk` hl git` kh i`oiblbgibùo ` sbo jgnhrsh bobibgk` dhkbgibùo ` gligozgk` giuhrk` ho lg dbsdg sh thokrç p`r thrdbogk` hl pr`ihkbdbhot` y iudplbk` hl trçdbth. [gdnbâo sh susphokhrço l`s plgz`s kh igkuibkgk y sh bothrrudpbrço l`s kh prhsirbpibùo p`r lg susirbpibùo kh uo i`dpr`dbs` grnbtrgl, ihlhnrgk` ho vbrtuk kh l`s giuhrk`s bothrpr`fhsb`oglhs y l`s i`ovhob`s i`lhitbv`s g quh sh rhfbhrh hl grt. :9 khl [hxt` ^hfuokbk` kh lg Lhy khl H[ ` kh l`s khrbvgk`s kh l`s giuhrk`s kh bothrâs pr`fhsb`ogl i`of`rdh gl grt. 7:.; kh lg Lhy khl Hstgtut` khl trgnge` gutùo`d`. Ho hst`s igs`s hl iùdput` kh lg igkuibkgk sh rhgoukgrç gl käg sbaubhoth kh quh gkqubhrg fbrdhzg hl lguk` grnbtrgl3 kh bothrp`ohrsh uo rhiurs` r hiurs` eukbibgl kh goulgibùo khl lguk`, lg rhgoukgibùo thokrç luagr khskh hl käg sbaubhoth g lg fbrdhzg kh lg shothoibg quh sh kbith. Baugl hfhit` sh pr`kuibrç guo iugok` ho hl pr`ihkbdbhot` grnbtrgl sh gprhibgsh lg boi`dphthoi boi`dphthoibg, bg, rhgoukçok`sh hl iùdput` kh lg igkuibkgk khskh lg fbrdhzg kh lg rhs`luibùo quh pusbhrg fbo gl grnbtrgeh. Lgs giib`ohs kh bdpuaogibùo y rhiurs`s eukbibglhs kh goulgibùo kh lguk`s grnbtrglhs iuy` i`o`ibdbhot` i`rrhsp`okg gl `rkho s`ibgl, iugok` o` thoago hstgnlhibk` uo pr`ihkbdbhot` hsphibgl, boilubk`s l`s lguk`s grnbtrglhs hstgnlhibk`s p`r giuhrk`s kh bothrâs pr`fhsb`ogl kh l`s trgngegk`rhs gutùo`d`s hi`oùdbigdhoth khphokbhoths, khphokbhoths, sh sustgoibgrço, g bostgoibg kh l`s bothrhsgk`s, p`r l`s trçdbths khl pr`ihkbdbhot` `rkbogrb`, goth hl euzagk` ` trbnuogl gl quh junbhrg i`rrhsp`okbk` hl i`o`ibdbhot` khl gsuot` s`dhtbk` g grnbtrgeh, i`o fuokgdhot` ho hxihs` s`nrh hl grnbtrgeh, jgnhr rhsuhlt` gsphit`s o` hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp 818 ]r`ihkbdbhot`s Eukbibglhs. H) ]r`ihkbdbhot` I`othoib`s` Gkdbobstrgtbv` y Lgn`rgl. [hdg 66 Bdp`rtgoth Kh f`rdulgrsh lg bdpuaogibùo p`r hl F@AGYG, ho rhlgibùo i`o p`sbnlhs `nlbagib`ohs kh agrgotäg Yglgrbgl, ` p`r `tr`s thrihr`s p`sbnlhs phreukbigk`s, sh p`krç fuokgdhotgr ho blhaglbkgk ` lhsbvbkgk y hl plgz` pgrg hl hehribib` kh lg giibùo i`otgrç khskh quh pukbhrgo jgnhr i`o`ibk` lg hxbsthoibg khl lguk` grnbtrgl. s`dhtbk`s g âl ` quh o` pukbhrgo shr `neht` khl dbsd`, vbib` hshoibgl kh pr`ihkbdbhot` ` bofrgiibùo kh o`rdgs bdphrgtbvgs. Lg giibùo igkuigrç ho hl plgz` kh 9= kägs jçnblhs, hxilubk`s l`s sçngk`s, k`dboa`s y fhstbv`s, khskh lg o`tbfbigibùo khl lguk`. K. I`oshiuhoibgs I`oshiuhoibgs kh lg o` gsbsthoibg gl git` kh i`oiblbgibùo ` kh dhkbgibùo (grt. 66 L^EY) Lg gsbsthoibg gl git` kh i`oiblbgibùo ` kh dhkbgibùo hs `nlbagt`rbg pgrg l`s lbtbagoths. Iugok` hstgok` khnbkgdhoth ibtgkgs lgs pgrths pgrg hl git` kh i`oiblbgibùo ` kh dhkbgibùo5 - Yb o` i`dpgrhibhsh hl s`lbibtgoth ob glhagsh eustg igusg, sh thokrç p`r o` prhshotgkg lg pgphlhtg kh i`oiblbgibùo ` lg s`lbibtuk kh dhkbgibùo, grijbvçok`sh t`k` l` gitugk`. - Yb o` i`dpgrhibhrg lg `trg pgrth, khnbkgdhoth ibtgkg, sh jgrç i`ostgr hxprhsgdhoth ho lg ihrtbfbigibùo khl gitg kh i`oiblbgibùo ` kh dhkbgibùo y sh thokrç lg i`oiblbgibùo ` lg dhkbgibùo p`r bothotgkg sbo hfhit`, y hl euhz ` trbnuogl bdp`okrço lgs i`stgs khl pr`ihs` g lg pgrth quh o` junbhrh i`dpgrhibk` sbo igusg eustbfbigkg, boilubk`s j`o`rgrb`s, jgstg hl lädbth kh 6== hur`s, khl lhtrgk` ` argkugk` s`ibgl i`lhabgk` kh lg pgrth i`otrgrbg quh junbhrho bothrvhobk`, sb lg shothoibg quh ho su käg kbith i`boibkbhrg hshoibgldhoth i`o lg prhthosbùo i`othobkg ho lg pgphlhtg kh i`oiblbgibùo ` ho lg s`lbibtuk kh dhkbgibùo. H. Bdpuaogibùo khl giuhrk` kh i`oiblbgibù i`oiblbgibùo o ` kh dhkbgibùo (grt. 61 L^EY) Hl giuhrk` kh i`oiblbgibùo ` kh dhkbgibùo p`krç shr bdpuaogk` p`r lgs pgrths y p`r qubhohs pukbhrgo sufrbr phreubib` p`r gquhl, goth hl euzagk` ` trbnuogl gl quh junbhrg i`rrhsp`okbk` hl i`o`ibdbhot` khl gsuot` `neht` kh lg i`oiblbgibùo ` kh lg dhkbgibùo, dhkbgoth hl hehribib` p`r lgs pgrths kh lg giibùo kh oulbkgk p`r lgs igusgs quh bovglbkgo l`s i`otrgt`s ` p`r l`s p`sbnlhs phreukbigk`s i`o fuokgdhot` ho su blhaglbkgk ` lhsbvbkgk. Lg giibùo igkuigrç g l`s 9= kägs jçnblhs, hxilubk`s l`s sçngk`s, k`dboa`s y fhstbv`s, sbaubhoths g gquhl ho quh sh gk`ptù hl giuhrk`. ]grg l`s p`sbnlhs phreukbigk`s hl plgz` i`otgrç khskh quh l` pukbhrgo jgnhr i`o`ibk`. F. Hehiutbvbkgk khl giuhrk` kh i`oiblbgibùo ` kh dhkbgibùo y kh l`s lguk`s grnbtrglhs fbrdhs (grt. 6: L^EY) L` gi`rkgk` ho i`oiblbgibùo ` ho dhkbgibùo i`ostbtubrç tätul` pgrg bobibgr giib`ohs hehiutbvgs sbo ohihsbkgk kh rgtbfbigibùo 816   hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp Lg hvbtgibùo khl pr`ihs`5 I`oiblbgibùo prhvbg y rhilgdgibùo gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg goth hl euhz ` trbnuogl, y p`krç llhvgrsh g hfhit` p`r l`s trçdbths prhvbst`s ho hl Lbnr` Iugrt` kh hstg Lhy. Yh hothokhrço hqubpgrgk`s g lgs shothoibgs fbrdhs g hfhit`s kh hehiuibùo khfbobtbvg5 - L`s lguk`s grnbtrglhs baugldhoth baugldhoth fbrdhs, fbrdhs, bokbvbkuglhs ` i`lhitbv`s, kbitgk`s p`r hl ùrago` quh puhkg i`ostbtubrsh dhkbgoth l`s giuhrk`s bothrpr`fhsb`oglhs y l`s i`ovhob`s i`lhitbv`s g quh sh rhfbhrh hl grt. :9 H[. - L`s lguk`s grnbtrglhs hstgnlhibk`s p`r giuhrk`s kh bothrâs pr`fhsb`ogl kh l`s trgngegk`rhs gutùo`d`s hi`oùdbigdhoth khphokbhoths i`of`rdh gl grt. 7:.; kh lg Lhy khl Hstgtut` khl trgnge` gutùo`d`. - Gsä i`d` i`d` l`s lguk`s rhigäk`s ho ho dgthrbg hlhit`rgl, l`s l`s quh p`oago fbo g lg juhlag ` g i`oflbit`s i`lhitbv`s u `tr`s iuy` i`o`ibdbhot` i`rrhsp`okg gl `rkho s`ibgl, hxilusbvgdhoth ho l`s i`oirht`s pr`ouoibgdbhot`s kh i`okhog quh p`r su ogturglhzg shgo susihptbnlhs kh kbijg hehiuibùo y sglv` l`s pr`ouoibgdbhot`s quh thoago hfbigibg o`rdgtbvg ` bothrprhtgtbvg. 7.> ^hilgdgibùo gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg G. Ga`tgdbhot` kh lg väg gkdbobstrgtbvg gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg g lg väg eukbibgl s`ibgl  Ga`tgdbhot` väg gkdbobstrgtbvg vg prhvbg g lg eukbibgl s`ibgl g. Yupuhst`s (grt. 62.7 L^EY) ]grg p`khr khdgokgr gl Hstgk`, I`duobkgkhs Gutùo`dgs, hotbkgkhs l`iglhs ` hotbkgkhs kh Khrhij` põnlbi` i`o phrs`oglbkgk euräkbig pr`pbg vboiulgkgs ` khphokbhoths kh l`s dbsd`s shrç rhqubsbt` ohihsgrb` jgnhr ga`tgk` lg väg gkdbobstrgtbvg, iugok` gsä pr`ihkg, kh giuhrk` i`o l` hstgnlhibk` ho lg o`rdgtbvg kh pr`ihkbdbhot` gkdbobstrgtbv` gplbignlh. Ho t`k` igs`, lg Gkdbobstrgibùo põnlbig khnhrç o`tbfbigr g l`s bothrhsgk`s lgs rhs`luib`ohs y git`s gkdbobstrgtbv`s quh gfhitho g sus khrhij`s h bothrhshs, i`othobhok` lg o`tbfbigibùo hl thxt` äothar` kh lg rhs`luibùo, i`o bokbigibùo kh sb hs ` o` khfbobtbv` ho lg väg gkdbobstrgtbvg, lg hxprhsbùo kh l`s rhiurs`s quh pr`ihkgo, ùrago` goth hl quh junbhrgo kh prhshotgrsh y plgz` pgrg bothrp`ohrl`s, sbo phreubib` kh quh l`s bothrhsgk`s puhkgo hehribtgr, ho su igs`, iuglqubhr `tr` quh hstbdho pr`ihkhoth. Lgs o`tbfbigib`ohs quh i`othobhok` hl thxt` äothar` khl git` `dbtbhsho glauo` kh l`s khdçs rhqubsbt`s prhvbst`s ho hl pçrrgf` gothrb`r dgothokrço susphokbk`s l`s plgz`s kh igkuibkgk h bothrrudpbk`s l`s kh prhsirbpibùo y õobigdhoth surtbrço hfhit` g pgrtbr kh lg fhijg ho quh hl bothrhsgk` rhglbih gitugib`ohs quh sup`oago hl i`o`ibdbhot` khl i`othobk` y gligoih kh lg rhs`luibùo ` git` `neht` kh lg o`tbfbigibùo ` rhs`luibùo, ` bothrp`oag iuglqubhr rhiurs` quh pr`ihkg. hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp 811 ]r`ihkbdbhot`s Eukbibglhs. H) ]r`ihkbdbhot` I`othoib`s` Gkdbobstrgtbv` y Lgn`rgl. [hdg 66 n. Khdgokg y plgz`s (grt. 62.> y 9 L^EY) Khskh quh sh khng hothokhr ga`tgkg lg väg gkdbobstrgtbvg hl bothrhsgk` p`krç f`rdglbzgr lg khdgokg ho hl plgz` kh > dhshs goth hl euzagk` ` lg Yglg i`dphthoth. G lg khdgokg sh gi`dpg÷grç i`pbg kh lg rhs`luibùo khohagt`rbg ` k`iudhot` girhkbtgtbv` kh lg bothrp`sbibùo ` rhs`luibùo khl rhiurs` gkdbobstrgtbv`, shaõo pr`ihkg, uobhok` i`pbg kh t`k` hll` pgrg lg hotbkgk khdgokgkg. Ho lgs giib`ohs khrbvgkgs kh khspbk` y khdçs giib`ohs suehtgs g plgz` kh igkuibkgk, hl plgz` kh bothrp`sbibùo kh lg khdgokg shrç kh >= kägs jçnblhs ` hl hsphibgl quh shg gplbignlh, i`otgk`s g pgrtbr khl käg sbaubhoth g gquhl ho quh sh junbhrg pr`kuibk` hl git` ` lg o`tbfbigibùo kh lg rhs`luibùo bdpuaogkg, ` khskh quh sh khng hothokhr ga`tgkg lg väg gkdbobstrgtbvg ho l`s khdçs igs`s. N. Hxihpib`ohs gl ga`tgdbhot` ga`tgdbhot` kh lg väg gkdbobstrgtbvg gkdbobstrgtbvg (grt. 1= L^EY) O` shrç ohihsgrb` ga`tgr lg väg gkdbobstrgtbvg pgrg bothrp`ohr khdgokg kh tuthlg kh khrhij`s fuokgdhotglhs y lbnhrtgkhs põnlbigs frhoth g git`s kh lgs Gkdbobstrgib`ohs põnlbigs ho hl hehribib` kh sus p`thstgkhs ho dgthrbg lgn`rgl y sbokbigl, sb nbho hl plgz` pgrg lg bothrp`sbibùo kh lg khdgokg shrç kh >= kägs khskh hl käg sbaubhoth g lg o`tbfbigibùo khl git` ` gl trgosiurs` khl plgz` fbegk` pgrg lg rhs`luibùo, sbo dçs trçdbths3 iugok` lg lhsbùo khl khrhij` fuokgdhotgl tuvbhrg su `rbaho ho lg bogitbvbkgk gkdbobstrgtbvg ` ho gitugibùo ho vägs kh jhij`, ` sh junbhrg bothrpuhst` p`thstgtbvgdhoth uo rhiurs` gkdbobstrgtbv`, hl plgz` kh >= kägs sh bobibgrç trgosiurrbk`s vhboth kägs khskh lg rhilgdgibùo i`otrg lg bogitbvbkgk ` väg kh jhij`, ` khskh lg prhshotgibùo khl rhiurs`, rhsphitbvgdhoth. I. ^hilgdgibùo gkdbobstrgtbvg gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg ho ho dgthrbg kh prhstgib`ohs prhstgib`ohs kh Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl (grt. 17 L^EY) g. Yupuhst`s Yhrç rhqubsbt` ohihsgrb` pgrg f`rdulgr khdgokg ho dgthrbg kh prhstgib`ohs kh Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl, quh l`s bothrhsgk`s bothrp`oago rhilgdgibùo prhvbg goth lg Hotbkgk ahst`rg kh lgs dbsdgs. Yh hxihptõgo l`s pr`ihkbdbhot`s kh bdpuaogibùo kh lgs rhs`luib`ohs gkdbobstrgtbvgs hxprhsgs ho lgs quh sh giuhrkg hl gltg dâkbig hdbtbkgs p`r l`s ùrago`s i`dphthoths kh lgs Hotbkgkhs ahst`rgs kh lg Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl gl ga`tgrsh hl plgz` kh kurgibùo kh 968 iboi` kägs kh lg prhstgibùo kh boigpgibkgk thdp`rgl. n. ]lgz`s pgrg phkbr lg rhilgdgibùo prhvbg goth lg Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl Lg rhilgdgibùo prhvbg khnhrç bothrp`ohrsh goth hl ùrago` i`dphthoth quh jgyg kbitgk` rhs`luibùo s`nrh lg s`lbibtuk bobibgl khl bothrhsgk`, ho hl plgz` kh 9= kägs khskh lg o`tbfbigibùo kh lg dbsdg, sb hs hxprhsg, ` khskh lg fhijg ho quh, i`of`rdh g lg o`rdgtbvg rhaulgk`rg khl pr`ihkbdbhot` kh quh sh trgth, khng hothokhrsh pr`kuibk` hl sblhoib` gkdbobstrgtbv`. Ho l`s pr`ihkbdbhot`s kh bdpuaogibùo kh gltgs dâkbigs o` hxhot`s kh rhilgdgibùo prhvbg lg rhilgdgibùo prhvbg sh bothrp`okrç ho hl plgz` kh 77 kägs khskh lg o`tbfbigibùo kh lg rhs`luibùo. Yb lg rhs`luibùo, hxprhsg ` prhsuotg, junbhrg sbk` kbitgkg p`r uog hotbkgk i`lgn`rgk`rg, sh bothrp`okrç, ho hl dbsd` plgz`, goth lg pr`pbg hotbkgk i`lgn`rgk`rg sb tuvbhrg gtrbnubkg lg i`dphthoibg pgrg rhs`lvhr, ` ho `tr` igs` goth hl ùrago` i`rrhsp`okbhoth kh lg Hotbkgk ahst`rg u `ragobsd` põnlbi` ahst`r kh lg prhstgibùo. i. Yupuhst`s hqubpgrgk`s Iugok` ho hl rhi`o`ibdbhot` bobibgl ` lg d`kbfbigibùo kh uo git` ` khrhij` ho dgthrbg kh Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl, lg Hotbkgk i`rrhsp`okbhoth hstâ `nlbagkg g pr`ihkhr kh `fbib`, ho hl igs` kh quh o` sh pr`kuzig giuhrk` ` rhs`luibùo, hl bothrhsgk` p`krç s`lbibtgr quh sh kbith, thobhok` hstg s`lbibtuk vgl`r kh rhilg81:   hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp Lg hvbtgibùo khl pr`ihs`5 I`oiblbgibùo prhvbg y rhilgdgibùo gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg dgibùo prhvbg. Khl dbsd` d`k` p`krç rhbthrgrsh lg rhilgdgibùo prhvbg kh jgnhr igkuigk` lg gothrb`r, ho tgot` o` jgyg prhsirbt` hl khrhij` y sbo phreubib` kh l`s hfhit`s rhtr`gitbv`s quh pr`ihkg kgr g lg dbsdg. k. I`othstgibùo g lg rhilgdgibùo prhvbg F`rdulgkg rhilgdgibùo prhvbg, lg Hotbkgk khnhrç i`othstgr hxprhsgdhoth g lg dbsdg ho hl plgz` kh ;8 kägs. Ho igs` i`otrgrb` sh hothokhrç khohagkg lg rhilgdgibùo p`r sblhoib` gkdbobstrgtbv`. Ho l`s pr`ihkbdbhot`s kh bdpuaogibùo kh gltgs dâkbigs ho l`s quh khng bothrp`ohrsh rhilgdgibùo prhvbg, hl plgz` pgrg lg i`othstgibùo kh lg dbsdg shrç kh 1 kägs, hothokbâok`sh khshstbdgkg uog vhz trgosiurrbk` kbij` plgz`. h. Khdgokg y plgz`s Lg khdgokg jgnrç kh f`rdulgrsh ho hl plgz` kh 9= kägs, g i`otgr khskh lg fhijg ho quh sh o`tbfbquh lg khohagibùo kh lg rhilgdgibùo prhvbg ` khskh hl käg ho quh sh hotbhokg khohagkg p`r sblhoib` gkdbobstrgtbv`. Ho l`s pr`ihs`s kh bdpuaogibùo kh gltgs dâkbigs hl plgz` gothrb`r shrç kh >= kägs, quh iugok` o` shg hxbabnlh rhilgdgibùo prhvbg sh i`dputgrç khskh lg gkqubsbibùo kh plho`s hfhit`s khl gltg dâkbig ` khskh lg o`tbfbigibùo khl gltg khfbobtbvg gi`rkgkg p`r lg Hotbkgk ahst`rg. f. K`iudhotgibùo Lgs hotbkgkhs u `ragobsd`s ahst`rhs kh lg Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl hxphkbrço rhibn` kh prhshotgibùo ` shllgrço khnbkgdhoth, i`o bokbigibùo kh lg fhijg, lgs i`pbgs kh lgs rhilgdgib`ohs quh sh lhs kbrbego. Hsth rhibn` ` i`pbg shllgkg, ` hl eustbfbigoth kh prhshotgibùo p`r l`s pr`ihkbdbhot`s y rhabstr`s glthrogtbv`s quh hstâo hstgnlhibk`s p`r lg o`rdgtbvg gkdbobstrgtbvg gplbignlh, khnhrço gi`dpg÷grsh bohxiusgnlhdhoth i`o lg khdgokg. K. Vboiulgibùo rhsphit` rhsphit` g lg rhilgdgibùo rhilgdgibùo gkdbobstrgtbvg gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg ho dgthrbg dgthrbg kh prhstgib`ohs kh Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl ` väg gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg (grt. 1> L^EY) Ho hl pr`ihs` o` p`krço botr`kuibr lgs pgrths vgrbgib`ohs sustgoibglhs kh tbhdp`, igotbkgkhs ` i`oihpt`s rhsphit` kh l`s quh fuhrgo `neht` khl pr`ihkbdbhot` gkdbobstrgtbv` y kh lgs gitugib`ohs kh l`s bothrhsgk`s ` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo, nbho ho fgsh kh rhilgdgibùo prhvbg ho dgthrbg kh prhstgib`ohs kh Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl ` kh rhiurs` quh ga`th lg väg gkdbobstrgtbvg, sglv` ho iugot` g l`s jhij`s ouhv`s ` quh o` junbhrgo p`kbk` i`o`ihrsh i`o gothrb`rbkgk. H. Hfhit`s kh lg rhilgdgibùo gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg ho dgthrbg kh prhstgib`ohs kh Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl (grt. 19 L^EY) Lg rhilgdgibùo prhvbg ho dgthrbg kh prhstgib`ohs kh Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl bothrrudpbrç l`s plgz`s kh prhsirbpibùo y susphokhrç l`s kh igkuibkgk, rhgoukçok`sh hst`s õltbd`s gl käg sbaubhoth gl kh lg o`tbfbigibùo kh lg rhs`luibùo ` khl trgosiurs` khl plgz` ho quh khng hothokhrsh khshstbdgkg. hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp 812 ]r`ihkbdbhot`s Eukbibglhs. H) ]r`ihkbdbhot` I`othoib`s` Gkdbobstrgtbv` y Lgn`rgl. [hdg 66 >. HL ]^@IHY@ @^KBOG^B@5 KHDGOKG, I@OIBLBGIBÙO R EXBIB@ Igpätul` BB khl [bt. B khl Lbnr` BB L^EY5 “Khl pr`ihs` `rkbogrb`— - Yhiibùo 7ª. Khdgokg (grts. := g :>) - Yhiibùo >ª. I`oiblbgibùo y eubib` eubib` (grts. :9 g :2) >.7 Khdgokg G. F`rdg y i`othobk` kh lg khdgokg Lg khdgokg sh f`rdulgrç p`r hsirbt`, pukbhok` utblbzgr l`s f`rdulgrb`s y pr`ihkbdbhot`s fgiblbtgk`s gl hfhit` ho lg `fbibog eukbibgl k`okh khng prhshotgrsh, y jgnrç kh i`othohr l`s sbaubhoths rhqubsbt`s ahohrglhs5 g) Lg khsbaogibùo khl ùrago` goth qubho qubho sh prhshoth, gsä i`d` lg hxprhsbùo hxprhsbùo kh lg d`kglbkgk pr`ihsgl g trgvâs kh lg iugl hotbhokg quh khng hoeubibgrsh su prhthosbùo.  n) Lg khsbaogibùo khl khdgokgoth, ho l`s târdbo`s khl grt. 76 kh hstg Lhy, i`o hxprhsbùo khl oõdhr` khl KOB ` khl oµ o µ y tbp` kh k`iudhot` kh bkhotbfbigibùo kh l`s ibukgkgo`s hxtrgoehr`s, y kh gquhll`s `tr`s bothrhsgk`s quh khngo shr llgdgk`s gl pr`ihs` y sus k`dbiblb`s, bokbigok` hl o`dnrh y gphllbk`s kh lgs phrs`ogs fäsbigs y lg kho`dbogibùo s`ibgl kh lgs phrs`ogs euräkbigs. Yb lg khdgokg sh kbrbabhsh i`otrg uog dgsg pgtrbd`obgl, pgtrbd`ob` shpgrgk`, hotbkgk ` arup` igrhoth kh phrs`oglbkgk, gkhdçs kh bkhotbfbigrl`s sufbibhothdhoth, jgnrç kh jgihrsh i`ostgr hl o`dnrh y gphllbk`s kh qubhohs gpgrhzigo i`d` gkdbobstrgk`rhs, `ragobzgk`rhs, kbrhit`rhs, ahst`rhs, s`ib`s ` pgrtäibphs, y sus k`dbiblb`s, sbo phreubib` kh lgs rhsp`osgnblbkgkhs lhaglhs kh lg dgsg pgtrbd`obgl, hotbkgk ` arup` y kh sus ahst`rhs h bothargoths. i) Lg houdhrgibùo ilgrg y i`oirhtg kh l`s jhij`s s`nrh s`nrh l`s quh vhrsh lg prhthosbùo y kh t`k`s gquhll`s gquhll`s quh, shaõo lg lhabslgibùo sustgotbvg, rhsultho bdprhsibokbnlhs pgrg rhs`lvhr lgs iuhstb`ohs plgothgkgs. Ho oboaõo igs` p`krço glhagrsh jhij`s kbstbot`s kh l`s gkuibk`s ho i`oiblbgibùo ` dhkbgibùo ob botr`kuibrsh rhsphit` kh lg väg gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg vgrbgib`ohs sustgoibglhs ho l`s târdbo`s prhvhobk`s ho hl grtäiul` 1>, sglv` l`s jhij`s ouhv`s ` quh o` junbhrgo p`kbk` i`o`ihrsh i`o gothrb`rbkgk. k) Lg sõplbig i`rrhsp`okbhoth, ho l`s târdbo`s gkhiugk`s gkhiugk`s gl i`othobk` kh lg prhthosbùo hehribtgkg. h) Yb hl khdgokgoth lbtbagsh lbtbag sh p`r sä dbsd`, khsbaogrç uo k`dbiblb`, kh shr p`sbnlh ho lg l`iglbkgk k`okh rhsbkg hl euzagk` ` trbnuogl, ho hl quh sh prgitbigrço t`kgs lgs kblbahoibgs quh jgygo kh hothokhrsh i`o âl. Lg khsbaogibùo khnhrç hfhitugrsh i`o bokbigibùo i`dplhtg kh t`k`s l`s kgt`s kh bkhotbfbigibùo khl k`dbiblb` fgiblbtgk`, gsä i`d` oµ kh fgx, thlâf. y kbrhiibùo hlhitrùobig sb kbsp`oh kh hll`s, pgrg lg prçitbig kh t`kg ilgsh kh i`duobigib`ohs p`r kbij`s dhkb`s. Yb khsbaog lhtrgk`, argkugk` s`ibgl i`lhabgk` ` pr`iurgk`r khnhrç br susirbtg p`r hl pr`fhsb`ogl, quh sh hothokhrç gsudh su rhprhshotgibùo i`o plhogs fgiultgkhs pr`ihsglhs y fgiblbtgrç l`s dbsd`s kgt`s gothrb`rhs, sbo phreubib` kh lg rgtbfbigibùo p`sthrb`r ho eubib` khl khdgokgoth sglv` quh i`o gothrb`rbkgk `t`rauh p`khr ho f`rdg, p`r glauo` kh l`s dhkb`s gkdbtbk`s ho khrhij` ` quh, i`o p`sthrb`rbkgk, sh hfhitõh rhv`igibùo ` rhouoibg i`duobigkg kh f`rdg hfhitbvg. f) Fhijg y fbrdg. Kh lg khdgokg y k`iudhot`s quh lg gi`dpg÷ho sh prhshotgrço p`r hl git`r tgotgs i`pbgs i`d` khdgokgk`s y khdçs bothrhsgk`s ho hl pr`ihs` jgyg, gsä i`d` pgrg hl Dbobsthrb` Fbsigl, ho l`s igs`s 8:=   hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp Lg hvbtgibùo khl pr`ihs`5 I`oiblbgibùo prhvbg y rhilgdgibùo gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg ho quh lhagldhoth khng bothrvhobr, gsä i`d` kh l`s khdçs k`iudhot`s rhquhrbk`s shaõo lg d`kglbkgk pr`ihsgl gplbignlh. G lg khdgokg sh gi`dpg÷grç lg k`iudhotgibùo eustbfbigtbvg kh jgnhr bothotgk` lg prhvbg i`oiblbgibùo ` dhkbgibùo, ` kh jgnhr trgosiurrbk` hl plgz` hxbabnlh pgrg su rhglbzgibùo sbo quh sh junbhsho ihlhnrgk`, ` khl ga`tgdbhot` kh lg väg gkdbobstrgtbvg, iugok` pr`ihkg, ` glhagibùo kh o` shr ohihsgrbgs hstgs, gsä i`d` l`s rhstgoths k`iudhot`s kh gp`rtgibùo prhihptbvg i`o lg khdgokg shaõo lg d`kglbkgk pr`ihsgl gplbignlh. N. Gkdbsbùo kh lg khdgokg Hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg, khotr` kh l`s 9 kägs sbaubhoths g lg rhihpibùo kh lg khdgokg, kgrç iuhotg gl euhz ` trbnuogl, sb hothokbhrg quh i`oiurrho l`s supuhst`s kh fgltg kh eurbskbiibùo ` i`dphthoibg `, ho `tr` igs`, sbo phreubib` kh l`s pr`ihkbdbhot`s kh sh÷glgdbhot` bodhkbgt` quh puhkgo hstgnlhihrsh, rhs`lvhrç s`nrh lg gkdbsbùo g trçdbth kh gquhllg, i`o sh÷glgdbhot` kh eubib` ho lg f`rdg prhvbstg ho hl grtäiul` sbaubhoth, ` gkvhrtbrç g lg pgrth kh l`s khfhit`s u `dbsb`ohs ho quh jgyg boiurrbk` gl rhkgitgr lg khdgokg ho rhlgibùo i`o l`s prhsupuhst`s pr`ihsglhs ohihsgrb`s quh pukbhrgo bdphkbr lg vçlbkg pr`shiuibùo y târdbo` khl pr`ihs`, gsä i`d` ho rhlgibùo i`o l`s k`iudhot`s kh prhihptbvg gp`rtgibùo i`o lg dbsdg, sglv` l` kbspuhst` ho hl gpgrtgk` 9 kh hsth dbsd` grtäiul` pgrg lg i`oiblbgibùo ` dhkbgibùo prhvbg, g fbo kh quh l`s sunsgoh khotr` khl plgz` kh ; kägs. ^hglbzgkg lg sunsgogibùo, hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg khotr` kh l`s 9 kägs sbaubhoths gkdbtbrç lg khdgokg. Ho `tr` igs`, kgrç iuhotg gl euhz ` trbnuogl pgrg quh p`r hl dbsd` sh rhsuhlvg, khotr` kh l`s trhs kägs sbaubhoths, s`nrh su gkdbsbnblbkgk gkdbsbnblbkgk.. Yb g lg khdgokg o` sh gi`dpg÷grg ihrtbfbigibùo khl git` kh i`oiblbgibùo ` dhkbgibùo prhvbg, ` kh lg pgphlhtg kh i`oiblbgibùo ` kh lg s`lbibtuk kh dhkbgibùo, kh o` jgnhrsh ihlhnrgk` ho plgz` lhagl, hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg, sbo phreubib` kh rhs`lvhr s`nrh lg gkdbsbùo y pr`ihkhr gl sh÷glgdbhot`, gkvhrtbrç gl khdgokgoth quh jg kh girhkbtgr lg ihlhnrgibùo ` hl bothot` khl hxprhsgk` git` ho hl plgz` kh 78 kägs, i`otgk`s g pgrtbr khl käg sbaubhoth g lg rhihpibùo kh lg o`tbfbigibùo, i`o gphribnbdbhot` kh grijbv` kh lgs gitugib`ohs ho igs` i`otrgrb`, quhkgok` sbo hfhit` hl sh÷glgdbhot` hfhitugk`. Yb lg khdgokg fuhrg gkdbsbnlh, ` uog vhz sunsgogkg lg dbsdg, y ho hllg sh s`lbibtgsho kblbahoibgs kh prhpgrgibùo kh lg pruhng g prgitbigr ho eubib`, gsä i`d` ho l`s igs`s kh s`lbibtuk p`sthrb`r khotr` khl plgz` lhagl kh tglhs kblbahoibgs ` kh iuglqubhr `trg kblbahoibg kh gotbibpgibùo ` gshaurgdbhot` kh lg pruhng, sh kgrç iuhotg gl euhz ` trbnuogl pgrg quh rhsuhlvg l` pr`ihkhoth, khotr` kh l`s 9 kägs sbaubhoths, khnbhok` o`tbfbigrsh lg rhs`luibùo i`rrhsp`okbhoth euot` i`o lg gkdbsbùo g trçdbth kh lg khdgokg y lg o`tbfbigibùo khl sh÷glgdbhot`. I. Yh÷glgdbhot` kh l`s git`s kh i`oiblbgibù i`oiblbgibùo o y eubib` Kh shr gkdbtbkg lg khdgokg, uog vhz vhrbfbigkg lg i`oiurrhoibg kh l`s rhqubsbt`s hxbabk`s, ho lg dbsdg rhs`luibùo kh gkdbsbùo g trçdbth hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg sh÷glgrç hl käg y lg j`rg ho quh jgygo kh thohr luagr suihsbvgdhoth l`s git`s kh i`oiblbgibùo y eubib`, khnbhok` dhkbgr uo däobd` kh 7= kägs hotrh lg ibtgibùo y lg hfhitbvg ihlhnrgibùo kh kbij`s git`s, sglv` ho l`s supuhst`s ho quh lg Lhy kbsp`oag `tr` kbstbot` y ho l`s supuhst`s kh ouhv` sh÷glgdbhot` khspuâs kh uog susphosbùo. Ho hl sh÷glgdbhot` kh lgs vbstgs y eubib`s hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg gthokhrç g l`s irbthrb`s hstgnlhibk`s hstgnlhibk`s ho hl grtäiul` 7:> kh lg LHI y pr`iurgrç, ho lg dhkbkg kh l` p`sbnlh, sh÷glgr ho uo dbsd` käg l`s quh sh rhfbhrgo g l`s dbsd`s bothrhsgk`s y o` puhkgo shr giudulgk`s, gsä i`d` rhlgib`ogr l`s sh÷glgdbhot`s kh l`s pr`ihs`s ho l`s quh sh khng bothotgr lg i`oiblbgibùo prhvbg p`r pgrth khl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg i`o l`s hxhot`s kh kbij` trçdbth. Ho hsphibgl, lgs gukbhoibgs y vbstgs quh rhqubhrgo lg prhshoibg khl rhprhshotgoth khl Dbobsthrb` Fbsigl, gn`agk` khl Hstgk`, lhtrgk`s hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp 8:7 ]r`ihkbdbhot`s Eukbibglhs. H) ]r`ihkbdbhot` I`othoib`s` Gkdbobstrgtbv` y Lgn`rgl. [hdg 66 Bdp`rtgoth Kh `fbib` ` g phtbibùo kh pgrth, p`krç rhquhrbrsh hl prhvb` trgslgk` hotrh lgs pgrths ` lg gp`rtgibùo gotbibpgkg, ho s`p`rth prhfhrbnlhdhoth bof`rdçtbi`, i`o 8 kägs kh gothlgibùo gl git` kh eubib`, kh lg pruhng k`iudhotgl ` phrbibgl quh, p`r su v`ludho ` i`dplhebkgk, shg i`ovhobhoth p`sbnblbtgr su hxgdho prhvb` gl d`dhot` kh lg prçitbig kh lg pruhng. kh lgs I`rths Ahohrglhs, lhtrgk`s kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh lg Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl, kh lgs II.GG. ` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo L`igl, shrço garupgkgs, sh÷glçok`sh kh f`rdg i`oshiutbvg. Lg ihlhnrgibùo kh l`s git`s kh i`oiblbgibùo y eubib`, hl 7µ goth hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg y hl >µ goth hl euhz ` Dgabstrgk`, thokrç luagr ho õobig i`ov`igt`rbg phr` ho suihsbv`s git`s, khnbhok` jgihrsh g hsth hfhit` lg ibtgibùo ho f`rdg, i`o hotrhag g l`s khdgokgk`s, g l`s bothrhsgk`s y, ho su igs`, gl Dbobsthrb` Fbsigl, kh i`pbg kh lg khdgokg y khdçs k`iudhot`s3 gsä i`d` rhqubrbhok` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo põnlbig lg rhdbsbùo khl hxphkbhoth gkdbobstrgtbv`, iugok` pr`ihkg, khotr` kh l`s 7= kägs sbaubhoths g lg o`tbfbigibùo. Ho lgs iâkulgs kh ibtgibùo sh jgrç i`ostgr quh l`s git`s kh i`oiblbgibùo y eubib` o` p`krço susphokhrsh p`r boi`dpgrhihoibg khl khdgokgk`, gsä i`d` quh l`s lbtbagoths jgo kh i`oiurrbr gl eubib` i`o t`k`s l`s dhkb`s kh pruhng kh quh bothotho vglhrsh y quh p`krço f`rdglbzgr i`oiblbgibùo ho hvbtgibùo khl  eubib`, p`r dhkb` kh i`dpgrhihoibg goth lg `fbibog eukbibgl, sbo hsphrgr g lg fhijg khl sh÷glgdbhot`, gsä i`d` s`dhthr lg iuhstbùo g l`s pr`ihkbdbhot`s kh dhkbgibùo quh pukbhrgo hstgr i`ostbtubk`s kh giuhrk` i`o l` kbspuhst` ho hl grtäiul` 69 kh hstg Lhy, gk`ptgok` lgs dhkbkgs `p`rtuogs g tgl fbo, sbo quh hll` kâ luagr g lg susphosbùo, sglv` quh kh i`dõo giuhrk` l` s`lbibtho gdngs pgrths, eustbfbigok` lg sudbsbùo g lg dhkbgibùo, y p`r hl tbhdp` dçxbd` hstgnlhibk` ho hl pr`ihkbdbhot` i`rrhsp`okbhoth, quh ho t`k` igs` o` p`krç hxihkhr kh 78 kägs. Iugok` lg rhprhshotgibùo y khfhosg ho eubib` shg gtrbnubkg gl gn`agk` khl Hstgk`, sh lh i`oihkhrç uo plgz` kh >> kägs pgrg lg i`osultg g lg Gn`agiäg Ahohrgl khl Hstgk`’Kbrhiibùo khl Yhrvbib` Euräkbi` khl Hstgk`. Iugok` lg rhprhshotgibùo y khfhosg ho  eubib` shg gtrbnubkg gl lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh lg Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl, sh lh i`oihkhrç baugldhoth uo plgz` kh vhbotbkùs kägs pgrg lg i`osultg g lg Kbrhiibùo khl Yhrvbib` Euräkbi` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh lg Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl. Hsth dbsd` plgz` sh hothokhrç, rhsphit` kh lgs IIGG, pgrg i`osultg gl `ragobsd` quh hstgnlhzig su lhabslgibùo pr`pbg, gsä i`d` iugok` lg rhprhshotgibùo y prhshoibg ho eubib` shg gtrbnubkg gl lhtrgk` kh lgs I`rths Ahohrglhs. Hl sh÷glgdbhot` khl eubib` sh jgrç kh d`k` quh thoag luagr ho fhijg p`sthrb`r gl bokbigk` plgz`. >.> I`oiblbgibùo y eubib` G. Yusphosbùo kh l`s git`s git`s kh i`oiblbgibùo i`oiblbgibùo y  eubib` Y`l` g phtbibùo kh gdngs pgrths ` p`r d`tbv`s eustbfbigk`s, girhkbtgk`s goth hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg, p`krç hsth susphokhr, p`r uog s`lg vhz, l`s git`s kh i`oiblbg8:>   hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp Lg hvbtgibùo khl pr`ihs`5 I`oiblbgibùo prhvbg y rhilgdgibùo gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg ibùo y eubib`, sh÷glçok`sh ouhvgdhoth khotr` kh l`s 7= kägs sbaubhoths g lg fhijg kh lg susphosbùo. Hxihpib`ogldhoth y p`r ibriuostgoibgs trgsihokhoths gkhiugkgdhoth pr`ngkgs, p`krç gi`rkgrsh uog shauokg susphosbùo. Ho igs` kh i`boibkhoibg kh sh÷glgdbhot`s, kh o` shr p`sbnlh lg sustbtuibùo khotr` kh lg dbsdg rhprhshotgibùo ` khfhosg, uog vhz eustbfbigk`s l`s rhqubsbt`s khl `rkbogl 6µ khl grt. 7::.7 kh lg LHI, prhvbg i`duobigibùo p`r hl s`lbibtgoth g l`s khdçs pr`fhsb`oglhs sbhdprh quh i`ostho sus kgt`s ho hl pr`ihkbdbhot`, sh pr`iurgrç, goth t`k`, gi`d`kgr hl sh÷glgdbhot` khotr` kh lg dbsdg fhijg y, ho su khfhit`, jgnblbtgr ouhv` sh÷glgdbhot`, gk`ptgok` lgs dhkbkgs ohihsgrbgs pgrg hvbtgr ouhvgs i`boibkhoibgs. Lhy 7/>===, kh 1 kh hohr`, kh Hoeubibgdbhot` Ibvbl Grtäiul` 7:: Yusphosbùo kh lgs vbstgs 7. Lg ihlhnrgibùo kh lgs vbstgs ho hl käg sh÷glgk` sùl` p`krç susphokhrsh, ho l`s sbaubhoths supuhst`s5 S…T 6.µ ]`r thohr hl gn`agk` khfhos`r k`s sh÷glgdbhot`s kh vbstg pgrg hl dbsd` käg ho kbstbot`s [rbnuoglhs, rhsultgok` bdp`sbnlh, p`r hl j`rgrb` fbegk`, su gsbsthoibg g gdn`s, sbhdprh quh girhkbth gi rhkbth sufbibhothdhoth quh, gl gdpgr` khl grtäiul` 7:9, 7: 9, bothotù, sbo rhsultgk`, uo ouhv` sh÷glgdbhot` quh hvbtgrg lg i`boibkhoibg. Ho hsth igs`, thokrç prhfhrhoibg lg vbstg rhlgtbvg g igusg irbdbogl i`o prhs` y, ho khfhit` kh hstg gitugibùo, lg khl sh÷glgdbhot` dçs gotbau`, y sb l`s k`s sh÷glgdbhot`s fuhsho kh lg dbsdg fhijg, sh susphokhrç lg vbstg i`rrhsp`okbhoth gl pr`ihkbdbhot` dçs d`khro`. O` sh gi`rkgrç lg susphosbùo kh lg vbstg sb lg i`duobigibùo i`d uobigibùo kh lg s`lbibtuk pgrg quh gquâllg gq uâllg sh giuhrkh sh pr`kuih i`o dçs kh trhs kägs kh rhtrgs` khskh lg o`tbfbigibùo khl sh÷glgdbhot` quh sh rhibng ho shauok` luagr. G hst`s hfhit`s khnhrç gi`dpg÷grsh i`o lg s`lbibtuk i`pbg kh lg o`tbfbigibùo khl ibtgk` sh÷glgdbhot`. L` kbspuhst` ho hl pçrrgf` gothrb`r o` shrç kh gplbigibùo g lgs vbstgs rhlgtbvgs g igusg irbdbogl i`o prhs`, sbo phreubib` kh lg rhsp`osgnblbkgk ho quh sh junbhrh p`kbk` boiurrbr. S…T Yb hl git`r, ibtgk` ho f`rdg, o` i`dpgrhibhsh ob glhagsh eustg igusg quh d`tbvh lg susphosbùo khl git` kh i`oiblbgibùo ` khl eubib`, hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg ho hl 7hr igs` y hl euhz ` trbnuogl ho hl >µ, lh thokrço p`r khsbstbk` kh su khdgokg. Lg boi`dpgrhihoibg boeustbfbigkg khl khdgokgk` o` bdphkbrç lg ihlhnrgibùo kh l`s git`s kh i`oiblbgibùo y eubib`, i`otbougok` hsth sbo ohihsbkgk kh khilgrgr su rhnhlkäg. N. I`oiblbgibùo Hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg bothotgrç lg i`oiblbgibùo, llhvgok` g ign` lg lgn`r dhkbgk`rg quh lh hs pr`pbg, y gkvhrtbrç g lgs pgrths kh l`s khrhij`s y `nlbagib`ohs quh pukbhrgo i`rrhsp`okhrlhs. Yb lgs pgrths gligozgo lg gvhohoibg, kbitgrç Khirht` gpr`nçok`lg y gi`rkgok`, gkhdçs, hl grijbv` kh lgs gitugib`ohs. Khl dbsd` d`k`, i`rrhsp`okhrç gl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg lg gpr`ngibùo khl giuhrk` gligozgk` p`r lgs pgrths goths khl käg sh÷glgk` pgrg l`s git`s kh i`oiblbgibùo y eubib`. Lg i`oiblbgibùo y lg rhs`luibùo gpr`ngt`rbg, `rgl ` hsirbtg, sh k`iudhotgrço ho lg pr`pbg gitg kh i`dpgrhihoibg. hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp 8:9 ]r`ihkbdbhot`s Eukbibglhs. H) ]r`ihkbdbhot` I`othoib`s` Gkdbobstrgtbv` y Lgn`rgl. [hdg 66 Lg i`oiblbgibùo gligozgkg goth hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg y l`s giuhrk`s l`argk`s hotrh lgs pgrths gpr`ngk`s p`r gquhl thokrço, g t`k`s l`s hfhit`s lhaglhs, lg i`osbkhrgibùo kh i`oiblbgibùo eukbibgl. Yb hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg hstbdgrh quh l` i`ovhobk` hs i`ostbtutbv` kh lhsbùo argvh pgrg glauog kh lgs pgrths ` pgrg thrihr`s, kh frgukh kh lhy ` kh gnus` kh khrhij` ` i`otrgrb` gl bothrâs põnlbi`, o` gpr`ngrç hl giuhrk`, gkvbrtbhok` g lgs pgrths quh khnho i`dpgrhihr g prhshoibg eukbibgl pgrg lg ihlhnrgibùo khl git` khl eubib`. Ho igs` kh o` jgnhr gvhohoibg goth hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg y pr`ihkhrsh g lg ihlhnrgibùo khl eubib`, lg gpr`ngibùo khl giuhrk` i`oiblbgt`rb` quh, ho su igs`, gligozgsho lgs pgrths ho kbij` d`dhot` i`rrhsp`okhrç gl euhz ` trbnuogl goth hl quh sh junbhrh `nthobk` dhkbgoth rhs`luibùo `rgl ` hsirbtg k`iudhotgkg ho hl pr`pb` giuhrk`. Y`l` ignrç ouhvg bothrvhoibùo khl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg gpr`ngok` uo giuhrk` hotrh lgs pgrths sb hl git` khl eubib` sh llhagsh g susphokhr p`r iuglqubhr igusg. Khl git` kh i`oiblbgibùo sh hxthokhrç lg i`rrhsp`okbhoth gitg. Lg i`oiblbgibùo y l`s giuhrk`s hotrh lgs pgrths gpr`ngk`s p`r hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg `, ho su igs`, p`r hl euhz ` trbnuogl sh llhvgrço g hfhit` p`r l`s trçdbths kh lg hehiuibùo kh shothoibgs. Lg giibùo pgrg bdpuaogr lg vglbkhz kh lg i`oiblbgibùo sh hehribtgrç goth hl dbsd` euzagk` ` trbnuogl gl quh junbhrg i`rrhsp`okbk` lg khdgokg, p`r l`s trçdbths y i`o l`s rhiurs`s hstgnlhibk`s ho hstg Lhy. Lg giibùo igkuigrç g l`s 9= kägs kh lg fhijg kh su ihlhnrgibùo. ]grg l`s thrihr`s phreukbigk`s hl plgz` i`otgrç khskh quh pukbhrgo jgnhr i`o`ibk` hl giuhrk`. Lgs pgrths p`krço hehribtgr lg giibùo kh oulbkgk p`r lgs igusgs quh bovglbkgo l`s i`otrgt`s y lg bdpuaogibùo p`r l`s p`sbnlhs thrihr`s phreukbigk`s p`krç fuokgdhotgrsh ho blhaglbkgk ` lhsbvbkgk. I. Eubib` Yb o` junbhrg gvhohoibg ho i`oiblbgibùo, sh pgsgrç shaubkgdhoth g eubib` y sh kgrç iuhotg kh l` gitugk`. I`o igrçithr prhvb` sh rhs`lvhrç, d`tbvgkgdhoth, ho f`rdg `rgl y `äkgs lgs pgrths, s`nrh lgs iuhstb`ohs prhvbgs quh sh puhkgo f`rdulgr ho hsh git`, gsä i`d` s`nrh l`s rhiurs`s u `trgs boibkhoibgs phokbhoths kh rhs`luibùo, sbo phreubib` kh lg ulthrb`r suibotg fuokgdhotgibùo ho lg shothoibg, iugok` pr`ihkg. Baugldhoth shrço `äkgs lgs pgrths y, ho su igs`, sh rhs`lvhrç, d`tbvgkgdhoth y ho f`rdg `rgl, l` pr`ihkhoth s`nrh lgs iuhstb`ohs quh hl euhz ` trbnuogl puhkg plgothgr ho hsh d`dhot` s`nrh su i`dphthoibg, l`s prhsupuhst`s kh lg khdgokg ` hl gligoih y lädbths kh lg prhthosbùo f`rdulgkg, rhsphtgok` lgs agrgotägs pr`ihsglhs kh lgs pgrths y sbo prheuzagr hl f`ok` khl gsuot`. G i`otbougibùo, hl khdgokgoth rgtbfbigrç ` gdplbgrç su khdgokg, guoquh ho oboaõo igs` p`krç jgihr ho hllg vgrbgibùo sustgoibgl. Hl khdgokgk` i`othstgrç gfbrdgok` ` ohagok` i`oirhtgdhoth l`s jhij`s kh lg khdgokg, y glhagok` iugotgs hxihpib`ohs hstbdh pr`ihkhoths. Õobigdhoth p`krç f`rdulgr rhi`ovhoibùo iugok` lg junbhsh gouoibgk` ho lg i`oiblbgibùo prhvbg gl pr`ihs` ` ho lg i`othstgibùo g lg rhilgdgibùo prhvbg ho dgthrbg kh prhstgib`ohs kh Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl ` rhs`luibùo quh ga`th lg väg gkdbobstrgtbvg, y junbhsh hxprhsgk` ho hshoibg l`s jhij`s ho quh sh fuokg y lg phtbibùo ho quh sh i`oirhtg. O` sh gkdbtbrç lg rhi`ovhoibùo, sb hl ùrago` eukbibgl o` hs i`dphthoth, sb lg giibùo quh sh hehribtg jg kh vhotblgrsh ho d`kglbkgk pr`ihsgl kbstbotg y lg giibùo o` fuhrg giudulgnlh, y iugok` o` hxbstg i`ohxbùo hotrh sus prhthosb`ohs y lgs quh shgo `neht` kh lg khdgokg prboibpgl. 8:;   hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp Lg hvbtgibùo khl pr`ihs`5 I`oiblbgibùo prhvbg y rhilgdgibùo gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg O` shrç ohihsgrbg rhi`ovhoibùo pgrg glhagr i`dphosgibùo kh khukgs, sbhdprh quh shgo vhoibkgs y hxbabnlhs y o` sh f`rdulh prhthosbùo kh i`okhog rhi`ovhoib`ogl, y ho ahohrgl iugok` hl khdgokgk` hsarbdg uog prhthosbùo quh tbhokg hxilusbvgdhoth g shr gnsuhlt` kh lg prhthosbùo ` prhthosb`ohs `neht` kh lg khdgokg prboibpgl, sbhok` sufbibhoth quh sh glhauh ho lg i`othstgibùo g lg khdgokg. Yb lg `nlbagibùo prhibsg kh khthrdbogibùo eukbibgl p`r o` shr läqubkg i`o gothlgibùo gl eubib`, shrç ohihsgrb` hxprhsgr i`oirhtgdhoth l`s jhij`s quh fuokgdhotho lg hxihpibùo y lg f`rdg kh lbqubkgibùo kh lg khukg, gsä i`d` jgnhr gouoibgk` lg dbsdg ho lg i`oiblbgibùo ` dhkbgibùo prhvbgs, ` ho lg rhilgdgibùo ho dgthrbg kh prhstgib`ohs kh Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl ` rhs`luibùo quh ga`tho lg väg gkdbobstrgtbvg. F`rdulgkg lg rhi`ovhoibùo, sh kgrç trgslgk` g lgs khdçs pgrths pgrg su i`othstgibùo ho l`s târdbo`s hstgnlhibk`s pgrg lg khdgokg. Hl dbsd` trçdbth kh trgslgk` sh gi`rkgrç pgrg kgr rhspuhstg g lgs hxihpib`ohs pr`ihsglhs, igs` kh shr glhagkgs. Lgs pgrths jgrço us` kh lg pglgnrg iugotgs vhihs hl euhz ` trbnuogl l` hstbdh ohihsgrb`. Gsbdbsd`, ho hsth git`, lgs pgrths p`krço glhagr iugot` hstbdho i`ovhobhoth g hfhit`s kh l` kbspuhst` ho lg lhtrg n) khl gpgrtgk` 9 khl grtäiul` 727, `frhibhok` (hs khibr g hfhit`s kh pr`ngr quh lg iuhstbùo khngtbkg gfhitg g t`k`s ` g uo argo oõdhr` kh trgngegk`rhs ` nhohfbibgrb`s kh lg Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl), pgrg hl d`dhot` pr`ihsgl `p`rtuo`, l`s hlhdhot`s kh eubib` ohihsgrb`s pgrg fuokgdhotgr sus glhagib`ohs. O` shrç prhibs` gp`rtgr pruhng s`nrh hstg i`oirhtg iuhstbùo iugok` hl jhij` kh quh hl pr`ihs` gfhitg g duij`s trgngegk`rhs ` nhohfbibgrb`s shg o`t`rb` p`r su pr`pbg ogturglhzg. Yb o` sh susibtgsho iuhstb`ohs pr`ihsglhs ` sb, susibtgkgs, sh junbhrgo i`othstgk`, lgs pgrths ` sus khfhos`rhs i`o hl trbnuogl fbegrço l`s jhij`s s`nrh l`s quh hxbstg i`of`rdbkgk ` kbsi`of`rdbkgk kh l`s lbtbagoths, i`osbaoçok`sh ho igs` ohihsgrb` ho hl gitg `, ho su igs`, p`r kblbahoibg, suibotg rhfhrhoibg g gquhll`s hxtrhd`s hshoibglhs i`of`rdhs, g hfhit`s kh ulthrb`r rhiurs`. Baugldhoth p`krço fgiblbtgr lgs pgrths uogs o`tgs nrhvhs kh içliul` ` rhsudho kh kgt`s oudârbi`s. Ho igs` kh gllgogdbhot` t`tgl ` pgribgl shrç gpr`ngk` p`r hl ùrago` eurbskbiib`ogl, `äkgs lgs khdçs pgrths, kh o` boiurrbr ho rhouoibg pr`jbnbkg kh khrhij`s, frgukh kh lhy ` phreubib` g thrihr`s, ` shr i`otrgrb` gl bothrâs põnlbi`, dhkbgoth rhs`luibùo quh p`krç kbitgrsh ho f`rdg `rgl. Yb hl gllgogdbhot` fuhsh t`tgl sh kbitgrç shothoibg i`okhogt`rbg kh giuhrk` i`o lgs prhthosb`ohs khl git`r. Iugok` hl gllgogdbhot` shg pgribgl, p`krç kbitgrsh gut` gpr`ngt`rb`, quh p`krç llhvgrsh g hfhit` p`r l`s trçdbths kh lg hehiuibùo khfbobtbvg pgribgl, sbhdprh quh p`r lg ogturglhzg kh lgs prhthosb`ohs `neht` kh gllgogdbhot`, shg p`sbnlh uo pr`ouoibgdbhot` shpgrgk` quh o` prheuzauh lgs rhstgoths iuhstb`ohs o` gllgogkgs, rhsphit` kh lgs iuglhs i`otbougrç hl git` kh eubib`. Hl euhz ` trbnuogl, uog vhz prgitbigkg lg pruhng y goths kh lgs i`oilusb`ohs, sglv` quh hxbstg `p`sbibùo kh glauog kh lgs pgrths, p`krç susibtgr lg p`sbnblbkgk kh llhagr g uo giuhrk` y kh o` gligozgrsh hl dbsd` ho hsh d`dhot` pr`shaubrç lg ihlhnrgibùo khl eubib`. K. ]rheukbibglbkgk phogl y s`ibgl s`ibgl g. ]hogl Ho oboaõo igs` sh susphokhrç hl pr`ihkbdbhot` p`r shaubrsh igusg irbdbogl s`nrh l`s jhij`s khngtbk`s. Ho hl supuhst` kh quh fuhsh glhagkg p`r uog kh lgs pgrths lg fglshkgk kh uo k`iudhot` quh puhkg shr kh o`t`rbg bofluhoibg ho hl plhbt`, p`rquh o` puhkg prhsibokbrsh kh lg rhs`luibùo kh lg igusg irbdbogl pgrg lg khnbkg khibsbùo ` i`okbib`oh kbrhitgdhoth hl i`othobk` kh hstg, i`otbougrç hl git` kh eubib` jgstg hl fbogl, y ho hl igs` kh quh hl euhz ` trbnuogl i`osbkhrh quh hl k`iudhot` pukbhrg shr khibsbv` pgrg rhs`lvhr s`nrh hl f`ok` khl gsuot`, gi`rkgrç lg susphosbùo kh lgs gitugib`ohs p`sthrb`rhs y i`oihkhrç uo plgz` kh : kägs gl bothrhsgk` pgrg quh gp`rth hl k`iudhot` quh girhkbth jgnhr prhshotgk` lg quhrhllg. Lg susphosbùo kurgrç jgstg quh sh kbith shothoibg ` gut` kh s`nrhshbdbhot` ho lg igusg irbdbhkbt`rbgl    }         ihp 8:8 ]r`ihkbdbhot`s Eukbibglhs. H) ]r`ihkbdbhot` I`othoib`s` Gkdbobstrgtbv` y Lgn`rgl. [hdg 66 [`dh o`tg Grtäiul` >22 LHI Dhkb`s kh pruhng 7. L`s dhkb`s kh pruhng p ruhng kh quh sh p`krç jgihr us` ho  eubib` s`o5 7µ Bothrr `agt` rb` kh lgs pgrths. >µ K`iudhot`s K`iudhot`s põnlbi`s. 9µ K`iudhot`s K`iudhot`s prbvgk`s. ;µ Kbitgdho kh phrbt`s. 8µ ^hi`o`ibdbhot` ^hi`o`ibdbhot` eukbibgl. 6µ Bothrr`agt`rb` kh thstba`s. >. [gdnbâ o sh gkdbt brço, i`of`rdh g l` kbspuhst` ho hstg Lhy, l`s dhkb`s kh rhpr`kuiibùo kh lg pglgnrg, hl s`obk` y lg bdgaho, gsä i`d` l`s bostrudhot`s quh phrdbtho grijbvgr y i`o`ihr ` rhpr`kuibr pglgnrgs, kgt`s, ibfrgs y `phrgib`ohs dgthdçtbigs llhvgkgs g ign` i`o fbohs i`otgnlhs ` kh `trg ilgsh, rhlhvgoths pgrg hl pr`ihs`. 9. Iugok` p`r iuglqubhr `tr` dhkb` o` hxprhsgdhoth prhvbst` ho l`s gpgrtgk`s gothrb`rhs kh hsth grtäiul` pukbhrg `nthohrsh ihrthzg s`nrh jhij`s rhlhvgoths, hl trbnuogl, g bostgoibg kh pgrth, l` gkdbtbrç i`d` pruhng, gk`ptgok` lgs dhkbkgs quh ho igkg igs` rhsultho ohihsgrbgs. 8:6 ogl, jhij` quh khnhrç shr puhst` ho i`o`ibdbhot` khl euhz ` trbnuogl p`r iuglqubhrg kh lgs pgrths. Yb iuglqubhr `trg iuhstbùo prheukbibgl phogl kbhrg luagr g shothoibg gns`lut`rbg p`r bohxbsthoibg khl jhij` ` p`r o` jgnhr pgrtbibpgk` hl sueht` ho hl dbsd`, quhkgrç gnbhrtg i`otrg lg shothoibg kbitgkg p`r hl euhz ` Yglg kh l` Y`ibgl lg väg kh lg rhvbsbùo rhaulgkg ho lg LHI. n. Y`ibgl Lg trgdbtgibùo kh `tr` pr`ihkbdbhot` goth hl `rkho s`ibgl o` kgrç luagr g lg susphosbùo khl pr`ihs` sglv` ho l`s supuhst`s prhvbst`s ho lg prhshoth Lhy, sbo phreubib` kh l`s hfhit`s pr`pb`s kh lg lbtbsphokhoibg iugok` sh gprhibh lg i`oiurrhoibg kh kbijg sbtugibùo pr`ihsgl. O` `nstgoth, g s`lbibtuk kh gdngs pgrths, p`krç susphokhrsh hl pr`ihkbdbhot` jgstg quh rhigbag rhs`luibùo fbrdh ho `tr` pr`ihkbdbhot` kbstbot`, iugok` ho hsth khng rhs`lvhrsh lg quh i`ostbtuyg `neht` prboibpgl khl prbdhr pr`ihs`. H. ]rçitbig kh lg pruhng ho hl git` git` kh eubib` Yh gkdbtbrço lgs pruhngs quh sh f`rdulho y puhkgo prgitbigrsh ho hl git`, rhsphit` kh l`s jhij`s s`nrh l`s quh o` junbhrh i`of`rdbkgk sglv` ho l`s igs`s ho quh lg dgthrbg `neht` khl pr`ihs` hstâ fuhrg khl p`khr kh kbsp`sbibùo kh l`s lbtbagoths, sbhdprh quh gquhllgs shgo õtblhs y kbrhitgdhoth phrtbohoths g l` quh shg hl `neht` khl eubib` y g lgs glhagib`ohs ` d`tbv`s kh `p`sbibùo prhvbgdhoth f`rdulgk`s p`r lgs pgrths ho hl trçdbth kh rgtbfbigibùo ` kh i`othstgibùo kh lg khdgokg. ]`krço gkdbtbrsh tgdnbâo gquhllgs quh rhqubhrgo lg trgslgibùo khl euhz ` trbnuogl fuhrg khl l`igl kh lg gukbhoibg, sb sh hstbdgsho bdprhsibokbnlhs. Ho hsth igs`, sh susphokhrç hl eubib` p`r hl tbhdp` hstrbitgdhoth ohihsgrb`. Hl euhz ` trbnuogl rhs`lvhrç s`nrh lg phrtbohoibg kh lgs pruhngs pr`puhstgs y khthrdbogrç lg ogturglhzg y ilgsh kh dhkb` kh pruhng kh igkg uog kh hllgs shaõo l` prhvbst` ho hl grt. >22 LHI y ho lg prhshoth Lhy. Gsbdbsd` rhs`lvhrç s`nrh lgs p`sbnlhs kblbahoibgs i`dplhdhotgrbgs ` kh gkvhrgibùo kh lgs pruhngs gkdbtbkgs y s`nrh lgs prhauotgs quh puhkgo f`rdulgr lgs pgrths. Lg pgrth pr`p`ohoth p`krç jgihr i`ostgr su pr`thstg ho hl git` i`otrg lg bogkdbsbùo kh iuglqubhr dhkb` kh pruhng, kblbahoibg ` prhauotg, i`osbaoçok`sh ho hl gitg lg prhauotg ` lg pruhng s`lbibtgkg, lg rhs`luibùo khohagt`rbg, lg fuokgdhotgibùo rgz`ogkg kh lg khohagibùo y lg pr`thstg, t`k` g hfhit`s khl i`rrhsp`okbhoth rhiurs` i`otrg lg shothoibg.   hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp Lg hvbtgibùo khl pr`ihs`5 I`oiblbgibùo prhvbg y rhilgdgibùo gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg Xog vhz i`dhozgkg lg prçitbig kh uog pruhng gkdbtbkg, sb rhouoibgsh g hllg lg pgrth quh lg pr`pus`, p`krç hl ùrago` eukbibgl, sbo ulthrb`r rhiurs`, gi`rkgr quh i`otboõh. Hl ùrago` eukbibgl p`krç jgihr, tgot` g lgs pgrths i`d` g l`s phrbt`s y thstba`s, lgs prhauotgs quh hstbdh ohihsgrbgs pgrg hl hsilgrhibdbhot` kh l`s jhij`s. L`s lbtbagoths y l`s khfhos`rhs p`krço hehribtgr hl dbsd` khrhij`. Hl euhz ` trbnuogl, sbo gpgrtgrsh kh lgs prhthosb`ohs y igusg kh phkbr quh hxprhsho lgs pgrths ho lg khdgokg y i`othstgibùo, p`krç s`dhthr g lgs pgrths pgrg glhagib`ohs kurgoth hl eubib` iugotgs iuhstb`ohs khngo shr rhsuhltgs kh `fbib` ` rhsultho kh lg fuokgdhotgibùo euräkbig gplbignlh, guo iugok` junbhrg sbk` glhagkg kh d`k` boi`dplht` ` boi`rrhit`. Baugldhoth p`krç s`lbibtgr glhagib`ohs s`nrh l`s p`sbnlhs pr`ouoibgdbhot`s khrbvgk`s quh p`r dgokgt` lhagl, ` p`r i`ohxbùo ` i`oshiuhoibg, rhsultho ohihsgrbgdhoth kh lgs prhthosb`ohs f`rdulgkgs p`r lgs pgrths. Yb hl git` kh eubib` junbhrh quhkgk` i`oilus`, lg gukbhoibg g hsth rhsphit` sh sustgoibgrç p`r hl plgz` i`dõo kh 9 kägs, dhkbgoth glhagib`ohs hsirbtgs y prhfhrbnlhdhoth p`r dhkb` bof`rdçtbi` ` thlhdçtbi`, sbaubâok`sh hl trçdbth khl gpgrtgk` 6 kh hsth dbsd` grtäiul`. ]rgitbigkg lg pruhng, lgs pgrths ` sus khfhos`rhs ` rhprhshotgoths, ho su igs`, f`rdulgrço `rgldhoth sus i`oilusb`ohs kh uo d`k` i`oirht` y prhibs`, khthrdbogok` ho vbrtuk khl rhsultgk` kh lg pruhng, kh dgohrg läqubkg y sbo glthrgr l`s puot`s fuokgdhotglhs y l`s d`tbv`s kh phkbr bov`igk`s ho lg khdgokg ` ho lg rhi`ovhoibùo, sb lg junbhrh, lgs igotbkgkhs quh, p`r iuglqubhr i`oihpt`, shgo `neht` kh phtbibùo kh i`okhog prboibpgl ` sunsbkbgrbg3 ` nbho, ho su igs`, f`rdulgrço lg s`lbibtuk i`oirhtg y prhibsg kh lgs dhkbkgs i`o quh puhkh shr sgtbsfhijg lg prhthosbùo hehribtgkg. Yb lgs pgrths o` l` jbibhrgo ho hsth trçdbth, hl euhz ` trbnuogl khnhrç rhquhrbrlhs pgrg quh l` jgago, sbo quh ho oboaõo igs` puhkg rhshrvgrsh tgl khthrdbogibùo pgrg lg hehiuibùo kh shothoibg. Yb hl ùrago` eukbibgl o` sh i`osbkhrgsh sufbibhothdhoth blustrgk` s`nrh lgs iuhstb`ohs kh iuglqubhr aâohr` `neht` khl khngth, i`oihkhrç g gdngs pgrths hl tbhdp` quh irhg i`ovhobhoth, pgrg quh bof`rdho ` kho hxplbigib`ohs s`nrh l`s pgrtbiulgrhs quh lhs khsbaoh. Yb lgs pruhngs k`iudhotglhs ` phrbibglhs prgitbigkgs rhsultgsho kh hxtrg`rkbogrb` v`ludho ` i`dplh ebkgk, hl euhz ` trbnuogl p`krç i`oihkhr g lgs pgrths lg p`sbnblbkgk kh hfhitugr suibotgs i`oilusb`ohs i`dplhdhotgrbgs, i`dplhdh otgrbgs, p`r hsirbt` y prhfhrbnlhdhoth p`r dhkb`s thlhdçtbi`s, s`nrh l`s pgrtbiulgrhs quh bokbquh, ho rhlgibùo hxilusbvg i`o kbij`s hlhdhot`s kh pruhng, khotr` kh l`s 9 kägs sbaubhoths, eustbfbigok` jgnhr hfhitugk` prhvbg rhdbsbùo g lgs khdçs pgrths i`dpgrhibkgs p`r l`s dbsd`s dhkb`s. Kurgoth hl rhfhrbk` phrä`k`, l`s k`iudhot`s ` phrbibgs hstgrço g kbsp`sbibùo kh lgs pgrths ho lg `fbibog eukbibgl y uog vhz trgosiurrbk`, jçygosh prhshotgk` ` o` glhagib`ohs, sh bobibgrç hl plgz` pgrg kbitgr shothoibg. F. Kblbahoibgs fboglhs [hrdbogk` hl eubib`, khotr` khl plgz` pgrg kbitgr shothoibg, hl euhz ` trbnuogl p`krç gi`rkgr lg prçitbig kh iugotgs pruhngs hstbdh ohihsgrbgs, i`d` kblbahoibgs fboglhs, i`o bothrvhoibùo kh lgs pgrths y ho lg f`rdg hstgnlhibkg pgrg lgs pruhngs kh su ilgsh. Ho lg dbsdg ]r`vbkhoibg sh fbegrç hl plgz` khotr` khl iugl jgyg kh prgitbigrsh lg pruhng, quh o` hxihkhrç kh >= kägs, ` sh sh÷glgrç i`dpgrhihoibg pgrg lg prçitbig kh lg dbsdg y vgl`rgibùo p`r lgs pgrths khl rhsultgk`. r hsultgk`. Kh o` jgnhr sh÷glgk` i`dpgrhihoibg, hl rhsultgk` kh lg kblbahoibg fbogl sh p`okrç kh dgobfbhst` kurgoth 9 kägs g lgs pgrths ho lg `fbibog eukbibgl e ukbibgl pgrg glhagib`ohs s`nrh su gligoih h bdp`rtgoibg, sglv` quh puhkg kgrsh trgslgk` p`r väg thlhdçtbig g l`s dbsd`s fbohs y p`r baugl plgz`. [rgosiurrbk` hl plgz` bobibgl kh prçitbig sbo jgnhrsh p`kbk` llhvgr g hfhit`, hl ùrago` eukbibgl kbitgrç uo ouhv` pr`vhäk`, fbegok` ouhv` plgz` o` suphrb`r g 7= kägs pgrg lg hehiuibùo khl giuhrk` y lbnrgok` lgs i`duobigib`ohs `p`rtuogs. Yb khotr` kh hsth tgdp`i` sh junbhrg p`kbk` prgitbigr lg pruhng, hl euhz ` trbnuogl, prhvbg gukbhoibg kh lgs pgrths, gi`rkgrç quh l`s gut`s quhkho khfbobtbvgdhoth i`oilus`s pgrg shothoibg. hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp 8:1 ]r`ihkbdbhot`s Eukbibglhs. H) ]r`ihkbdbhot` I`othoib`s` Gkdbobstrgtbv` y Lgn`rgl. [hdg 66 Yb lg kblbahoibg i`osbstbhrh ho hl bothrr`agt`rb` kh pgrth ` ho lg gp`rtgibùo kh glaõo k`iudhot` p`r glauog kh lgs pgrths y hstg o` i`dpgrhibhsh ` o` l` prhshotgsh sbo igusg eustbfbigkg ho hl plgz` fbegk`, p`krço hstbdgrsh pr`ngkgs lgs glhagib`ohs glhagib`ohs jhijgs p`r lg pgrth i`otrgrbg ho rhlgibùo i`o lg pruhng gi`rkgkg. A. K`iudhotgibù K`iudhotgibùo o khl git` kh eubib` Hl khsgrr`ll` kh lgs shsb`ohs khl eubib` `rgl sh rhabstrgrç ho s`p`rth gpt` pgrg lg argngibùo y rhpr`kuiibùo khl s`obk` y kh lg bdgaho. Hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg khnhrç iust`kbgr hl k`iudhot` hlhitrùobi` quh sbrvg kh s`p`rth g lg argngibùo. Lgs pgrths p`krço phkbr, g su i`stg, i`pbg kh lgs argngib`ohs `rbaboglhs. Ybhdprh quh sh iuhoth i`o l`s dhkb`s thio`lùabi`s ohihsgrb`s, hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh  Eustbibg agrgotbzgrç lg guthotbibkgk guthotbibkgk h botharbkgk botharbkgk kh l` argngk` ` rhpr`kuibk` rhpr`kuibk` dhkbgoth dhkbgoth lg utblbzgibùo utblbzgibùo kh lg fbrdg hlhitrùobig rhi`o`ibkg u `tr` sbsthdg kh shaurbkgk quh i`of`rdh g lg lhy `frhzig tglhs agrgotägs. Ho hsth igs`, lg ihlhnrgibùo khl git` o` rhquhrbrç lg prhshoibg ho lg Yglg khl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg sglv` quh l` junbhrgo s`lbibtgk` lgs pgrths, gl dho`s > kägs goths kh lg ihlhnrgibùo kh lg vbstg, ` quh hxihpib`ogldhoth l` i`osbkhrh ohihsgrb` hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg, gthokbhok` g lg i`dplhebkgk khl gsuot`, gl oõdhr` y ogturglhzg kh lgs pruhngs g prgitbigr, gl oõdhr` kh bothrvbobhoths, g lg p`sbnblbkgk kh quh sh pr`kuzigo boibkhoibgs quh o` pukbhrgo rhabstrgrsh, ` g lg i`oiurrhoibg kh `trgs ibriuostgoibgs baugldhoth hxihpib`oglhs quh l` eustbfbquho, supuhst` ho hl iugl hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg hxthokhrç gitg suibotg ho l`s târdbo`s prhvbst`s ho hl gpgrtgk` sbaubhoth. Yb l`s dhigobsd`s kh agrgotäg prhvbst`s ho hl gpgrtgk` gothrb`r o` sh pukbhsho utblbzgr, hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg khnhrç i`osbaogr ho hl gitg, gl dho`s, l`s sbaubhoths kgt`s5 luagr y fhijg kh ihlhnrgibùo, euhz ` trbnuogl quh prhsbkh hl git`, phtbib`ohs y pr`puhstgs kh lgs pgrths, dhkb`s kh pruhng pr`puhst`s p`r hllgs, khilgrgibùo kh su phrtbohoibg ` bdphrtbohoibg, rhs`luib`ohs quh gk`pth hl euhz ` trbnuogl, gsä i`d` lgs ibriuostgoibgs h boibkhoibgs quh o` pukbhrgo i`ostgr ho gquhl s`p`rth. Iugok` l`s dhkb`s kh rhabstr` prhvbst`s ho hsth grtäiul` o` sh pukbhsho utblbzgr p`r iuglqubhr igusg, hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg hxthokhrç gitg kh igkg shsbùo, ho lg quh sh jgrç i`ostgr5 g) Luagr, fhijg, euhz ` trbnuogl quh prhsbkh hl git`, pgrths i`dpgrhibhoths, i`dpgrhibhoths, rhprhshotgoths y khfhos`rhs khfhos`rhs quh lhs gsbstho.  n) Nrhvh rhsudho kh lgs lgs glhagib`ohs kh lgs pgrths, pgrths, dhkb`s kh pruhng pr`puhst`s p`r p`r hllgs, khilgrgibùo hxprhsg kh su phrtbohoibg ` bdphrtbohoibg, rgz`ohs kh lg ohagibùo y pr`thstg, ho su igs`. i) Ho iugot` g lgs pruhngs gkdbtbkgs y prgitbigkgs5 7µ ^hsudho sufbibhoth sufbibhoth kh lgs kh kh bothrr`agt`rb` kh pgrth y kh thstba`s. thstba`s. >µ ^hlgibùo ibriuostgoibgkg kh kh l`s k`iudhot`s prhshotgk`s, prhshotgk`s, ` kgt`s sufbibhoths sufbibhoths quh phrdbtgo bkhotbfbigrl`s, ho hl igs` kh quh su hxihsbv` oõdhr` jgag khsgi`oshegnlh lg ibtgkg rhlgibùo. 9µ ^hlgibùo kh lgs boibkhoibgs boibkhoibgs plgothgkgs ho hl eubib` rhsphit` rhsphit` g lg pruhng k`iudhotgl. ;µ ^hsudho sufbibhoth kh l`s bof`rdhs phrbibglhs, gsä i`d` tgdnbâo kh lg rhs`luibùo khl euhz ` trbnuogl ho t`ro` g lgs rhiusgib`ohs pr`puhstgs kh l`s phrbt`s. 8µ ^hsudho kh lgs khilgrgib`ohs khilgrgib`ohs kh l`s gshs`rhs, gshs`rhs, ho hl igs` kh quh hl kbitgdho kh hst`s o` jgyg sbk` hlgn`rgk` p`r hsirbt` h boi`rp`rgk` g l`s gut`s. k) I`oilusb`ohs y phtbib`ohs phtbib`ohs i`oirhtgs f`rdulgkgs p`r lgs pgrths3 ho igs` kh quh fuhrgo kh i`okhog g igotbkgk, khnhrço hxprhsgrsh ho hl gitg lgs igotbkgkhs quh fuhrgo `neht` kh hllg. 8::   hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp Lg hvbtgibùo khl pr`ihs`5 I`oiblbgibùo prhvbg y rhilgdgibùo gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg h) Khilgrgibùo jhijg p`r hl euhz ` trbnuogl kh kh i`oilusbùo kh l`s gut`s, dgokgok` trghrl`s g lg vbstg vbstg pgrg shothoibg. Hl gitg prhvbstg ho l`s gpgrtgk`s 9 y ; kh hsth grtäiul` sh hxthokhrç p`r pr`ihkbdbhot`s bof`rdçtbi`s, sbo quh puhkg shr dgousirbtg dçs quh ho lgs `igsb`ohs ho quh lg Yglg ` hl luagr ho quh sh hstâ ihlh nrgok` lg gitugibùo igrhibhrgo kh dhkb`s bof`rdçtbi`s. Hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg rhs`lvhrç, sbo ulthrb`r rhiurs`, iuglqubhr `nshrvgibùo quh sh jbibhrg s`nrh hl i`othobk` khl gitg. Hl gitg shrç fbrdgkg p`r hl euhz ` trbnuogl ho uobùo kh lgs pgrths ` kh sus rhprhshotgoths ` khfhos`rhs y kh l`s phrbt`s, jgibhok` i`ostgr sb glauo` kh hll`s o` fbrdg p`r o` p`khr, o` quhrhr jgihrl` ` o` hstgr prhshoth, fbrdçok`lg p`r õltbd` hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg. Khl gitg khl eubib` khnhrç hotrhagrsh i`pbg g qubhohs jgygo sbk` pgrths ho hl pr`ihs`, sb l` s`lbibtgrho. Lg girhkbtgibùo kh lg bkhotbkgk kh lgs pgrths y kh su rhprhshotgibùo pr`ihsgl sh hfhitugrç goth hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg ho lg i`dpgrhihoibg kh i`oiblbgibùo, ` kh o` shr prhihptbvg lg dbsdg, dhkbgoth kblbahoibg. 9. ^HIX^Y@Y5 KH YX]LBIGIBÙO R KH IGYGIBÙO ]G^G LG XOBFBIGIBÙO KH K@I[^BOG3 KBY]@YBIB@OHY I@DXOHY G GDN@Y ^HIX^Y@Y Lbnr` [hrihr`. “Kh l`s dhkb`s kh bdpuaogibùo—5 - [ätul` BB. Khl rhiurs` kh suplbigibùo (72= g >=;) - [ätul` BV. Khl Khl rhiurs` kh igsgibùo igsgibùo pgrg lg uobfbigibùo kh k`itrbog (grt. >7: g >>:) - [ätul` V. Kh lgs kbsp`sbib`ohs i`duohs g l`s rhiurs`s kh suplbigibùo y igsgibùo (>>2 g >98) 9.7 Khl rhiurs` kh suplbigibùo G. I`dphthoibg (grt. 72= L^EY) L^EY) Lgs Yglgs kh l` Y`ibgl kh l`s [rbnuoglhs Yuphrb`rhs kh Eustbibg i`o`ihrço kh l`s rhiurs`s kh suplbigibùo quh sh bothrp`oago i`otrg lgs rhs`luib`ohs kbitgkgs p`r l`s Euzagk`s kh l` Y`ibgl kh su ibriuosirbpibùo, gsä i`d` i`otrg l`s gut`s y shothoibgs quh puhkgo kbitgr l`s Euhihs kh l` Dhrigotbl quh sh hoiuhotrho ho su ibriuosirbpibùo y quh gfhitho gl khrhij` lgn`rgl. ]r`ihkhrç kbij` rhiurs` i`otrg lgs rhs`luib`ohs quh sh khthrdbogo ho lg L^EY y p`r l`s d`tbv`s quh ho hllg sh hstgnlhiho. N. Çdnbt` kh gplbigibùo (grt. 727 L^EY) g. ]`sbtbv` Y`o rhiurrbnlhs ho suplbigibùo lgs shothoibgs quh kbitho l`s Euzagk`s kh l` Y`ibgl ho l`s pr`ihs`s quh goth hll`s sh trgdbtho, iuglqubhrg quh shg lg ogturglhzg khl gsuot`, sglv` iugok` lg L^EY kbsp`oag l` i`otrgrb`. ]r`ihkhrç ho t`k` igs` lg suplbigibùo5 g) Ho pr`ihs`s p`r khspbk` ` hxtboibùo khl i`otrgt`, i`otrgt `, sglv` ho l`s pr`ihs`s p`r khspbk` i`lhitbv` bdpuaogk`s p`r l`s rhprhshotgoths kh l`s trgngegk`rhs. hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp 8:2 ]r`ihkbdbhot`s Eukbibglhs. H) ]r`ihkbdbhot` I`othoib`s` Gkdbobstrgtbv` y Lgn`rgl. [hdg 66  n) Ho rhilgdgib`ohs, giudulgkgs ` o`, iugok` lg iuhstbùo khngtbkg gfhith g t`k`s t`k`s ` g uo argo oõdhr` kh trgngegk`rhs ` kh nhohfbibgrb`s kh lg Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl, sbhdprh quh tgl ibriuostgoibg kh gfhitgibùo ahohrgl fuhrg o`t`rbg ` jgyg sbk` glhagkg y pr`ngkg ho eubib` ` p`shg ilgrgdhoth uo i`othobk` kh ahohrglbkgk o` puhst` ho kukg p`r oboauog kh lgs pgrths. i) Ho l`s pr`ihs`s quh quh vhrsho s`nrh rhi`o`ibdbhot` rhi`o`ibdbhot` ` khohagibùo khl khrhij` khrhij` g `nthohr prhstgib`ohs kh Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl, gsä i`d` s`nrh hl argk` ar gk` kh boigpgibkgk phrdgohoth gplbignlh. k) Iugok` hl rhiurs` thoag p`r `neht` sunsgogr uog fgltg hshoibgl khl pr`ihkbdbhot` ` lg `dbsbùo khl bothot` kh i`oiblbgibùo ` kh dhkbgibùo `nlbagt`rbg prhvbg, sbhdprh quh sh jgyg f`rdulgk` lg pr`thstg ho tbhdp` y f`rdg y jgygo pr`kuibk` bokhfhosbùo. Yb hl f`ok` khl gsuot` o` hstuvbhrg i`dprhokbk` khotr` kh l`s lädbths kh lg suplbigibùo, lg shothoibg rhs`lvhrç s`l` s`nrh hl khfhit` pr`ihsgl bov`igk`. h) I`otrg lgs shothoibgs quh khibkgo s`nrh lg fgltg kh eurbskbiibùo eurbskbiibùo p`r rgzùo kh lg dgthrbg ` kh i`dphthoibg thrrbt`rbgl ` fuoib`ogl. Yb hl f`ok` khl gsuot` o` hstuvbhrg i`dprhokbk` khotr` kh l`s lädbths kh lg suplbigibùo lg shothoibg, rhs`lvhrç s`l` s`nrh lg eurbskbiibùo ` i`dphthoibg. f) I`otrg lgs shothoibgs kbitgkgs ho dgthrbgs kh i`oflbit`s i`oflbit`s i`lhitbv`s, i`lhitbv`s, bdpuaogibùo kh i`ovhob`s i`lhitbv`s, bdpuaogibùo kh l`s hstgtut`s kh l`s sbokbigt`s, pr`ihkbdbhot`s kh `fbib` y tuthlg kh khrhij`s fuokgdhotglhs y lbnhrtgkhs põnlbigs. a) I`otrg lgs shothoibgs kbitgkgs ho pr`ihs`s kh bdpuaogibùo kh git`s gkdbobstrgtbv`s ho dgthrbg lgn`rgl o` i`dprhokbk`s ho l`s gpgrtgk`s gothrb`rhs, iugok` o` shgo susihptbnlhs kh vgl`rgibùo hi`oùdbig ` iugok` lg iugotäg lbtbab`sg hxihkg kh 7:.=== hur`s. ]`krç bothrp`ohrsh rhiurs` kh suplbigibùo i`otrg lgs sbaubhoths rhs`luib`ohs5 g) L`s gut`s quh rhsuhlvgo hl rhiurs` rhiurs` kh rhp`sbibùo bothrpuhst` bothrpuhst` i`otrg lg rhs`luibùo ho quh hl ùrago`  eurbskbiib`ogl, goths khl git` khl eubib`, khilgrh lg fgltg kh eurbskbiibùo ` kh i`dphthoibg p`r rgzùo kh lg dgthrbg, kh lg fuoibùo ` khl thrrbt`rb`.  n) L`s gut`s y shothoibgs quh sh kbitho p`r l`s Euzagk`s kh l` Dhrigotbl ho hl pr`ihs` i`oiursgl ho iuhstb`ohs kh igrçithr lgn`rgl. Ho kbijgs rhs`luib`ohs khnhrço i`osbaogrsh hxprhsgdhoth y p`r shpgrgk`, l`s jhij`s quh sh hstbdho pr`ngk`s. i) L`s gut`s quh rhsuhlvgo hl rhiurs` kh rhp`sbibùo, rhp`sbibùo, ` ho su igs` kh rhvbsbùo, bothrpuhst` i`otrg lg rhs`luibùo quh kbsp`oag lg thrdbogibùo gotbibpgkg khl pr`ihs` ho l`s sbaubhoths supuhst`s5 7µ Ygtbsfgiibùo hxtrgpr`ihsgl hxtrgpr`ihsgl ` pârkbkg s`nrhvhobkg s`nrhvhobkg kh `neht`. `neht`. >µ Fgltg kh sunsgogibùo kh l`s khfhit`s khfhit`s gkvhrtbk`s ho lg khdgokg o` bdputgnlh g lg pgrth ` g su rhprhshotgibùo pr`ihsgl ` boi`dpgrhihoibg boeustbfbigkg g l`s git`s kh i`oiblbgibùo y eubib`, sbhdprh quh, p`r igkuibkgk kh lg giibùo ` kh lg bostgoibg ` p`r `trg igusg lhagl, o` fuhrg euräkbigdhoth p`sbnlh su rhpr`kuiibùo ulthrb`r. k) L`s gut`s quh khibkgo hl rhiurs` kh rhp`sbibùo bothrpuhst` i`otrg l`s quh kbitho l`s Euzagk`s kh l` Y`ibgl y l`s gut`s quh khibkgo hl rhiurs` kh rhvbsbùo bothrpuhst` i`otrg l`s khirht`s khl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg, kbitgk`s uo`s y `tr`s ho hehiuibùo khfbobtbvg kh shothoibg u `tr`s tätul`s, sbhdprh quh lg shothoibg junbhrh sbk` rhiurrbnlh ho suplbigibùo ` quh, kh trgtgrsh kh hehiuibùo khrbvgkg kh `tr` tätul`, jgyg rhigäk` ho gsuot` ho hl quh, kh jgnhr kgk` luagr g shothoibg, lg dbsdg junbhrh sbk` rhiurrbnlh ho suplbigibùo, ho l`s sbaubhoths supuhst`s5 7µ Iugok` khobhauho khobhauho hl khspgij` khspgij` kh hehiuibùo. >µ Iugok` rhsuhlvgo puot`s puot`s sustgoibglhs o` i`otr`vhrtbk`s i`otr`vhrtbk`s ho hl plhbt`, o` khibkbk`s khibkbk`s ho lg shothoibg ` quh i`otrgkbago l` hehiut`rbgk`. 82=   hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp Lg hvbtgibùo khl pr`ihs`5 I`oiblbgibùo prhvbg y rhilgdgibùo gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg 9µ Iugok` p`oago fbo gl pr`ihkbdbhot` pr`ihkbdbhot` boibkhotgl ho lg hehiuibùo khibkbhok` khibkbhok` iuhstb`ohs sustgoibglhs o` rhsuhltgs ` o` i`othobkgs ho hl tätul` hehiutbv`. ;µ Ho l`s dbsd`s igs`s, pr`ihkhrç pr`ihkhrç tgdnbâo rhiurs` kh suplbigibùo suplbigibùo ho hehiuibùo pr`vbsb`ogl sb sh junbhrgo hxihkbk` dgthrbgldhoth l`s lädbths lädbths kh lg dbsdg ` sh junbhrg khilgrgk` lg fgltg kh eurbskbiibùo ` i`dphthoibg khl `rkho s`ibgl. n. Ohagtbv` O` pr`ihkhrç rhiurs` kh suplbigibùo ho l`s pr`ihs`s rhlgtbv`s g lgs sbaubhoths dgthrbgs5 g) Bdpuaogibùo kh sgoibùo p`r p`r fgltg quh o` shg duy argvh, gsä i`d` p`r fgltg duy duy argvh o` i`ofbrdgkg eukbibgldhoth.  n) ]r`ihs`s rhlgtbv`s rhlgtbv`s g lg fhijg kh kbsfruth kh lgs lgs vgigib`ohs. i) Dgthrbg hlhit`rgl, sglv` ho ho hl igs` khl grt. 796 L^EY (hs khibr5 khibr5 ho hl igs` kh lgs rhs`luib`ohs rhs`luib`ohs kh lg `fbibog põnlbig khphokbhoth kh lg gut`rbkgk gkdbobstrgtbvg ` lgn`rgl rhlgtbvgs g lg hxphkbibùo kh ihrtbfbigib`ohs kh lg igpgibkgk rhprhshotgtbvg kh l`s sbokbigt`s ` kh l`s rhsultgk`s hlhit`rglhs). hlhit`rglhs). k) ]r`ihs`s kh ilgsbfbigibùo pr`fhsb`ogl, pr`fhsb`ogl, sglv` ho hl igs` prhvbst` ho hl grt. 791.9 L^EY (hs khibr5 ho hl igs` kh giudulgrsh lg rhilgdgibùo kh lgs kbfhrhoibgs sglgrbglhs i`rrhsp`okbhoths, iugok` lgs kbfhrhoibgs sglgrbglhs rhilgdgkgs gligoiho lg iugotäg rhquhrbkg pgrg hsth rhiurs` kh suplbigibùo5 Dgs kh 9.=== €). h) ]r`ihs`s kh5 - D`vblbkgk ah`arçfbig kbstbot`s kh l`s prhvbst`s ho hl grt. ;=.> khl H[ (hs khibr sglv` iugok` gfhith g lg t`tglbkgk khl ihotr` kh trgnge`, sbhdprh quh hsth `iuph g dçs kh 8 trgngegk`rhs3 ` iugok`, sbo gfhitgr g lg t`tglbkgk khl ihotr` kh trgnge`, ho uo phrä`k` kh 2= kägs i`dprhokg g uo oõdhr` kh trgngegk`rhs kh, gl dho`s5 7= trgngegk`rhs, ho lgs hdprhsgs quh `iupho dho`s kh 7==3 hl 7=% ho gquhllgs quh `iupho hotrh 7== y 9==3 ` 9= ho lgs quh `iupho dçs kh 9==). - D`kbfbigib D`kbfbigib`ohs `ohs sustgoibglhs sustgoibglhs kh i`okbib`ohs kh trgnge`, sglv` iugok` thoago igrçithr i`lhitbv` i`lhitbv` kh i`of`rdbkgk i`o hl grt. ;7.> khl H[. - Igdnb` kh puhst` ` d`vblbkgk fuoib`ogl, sglv` iugok` fuhrg p`sbnlh giudulgr g hst`s `trg giibùo susihptbnlh kh rhiurs` kh suplbigibùo. - Yusphosb`ohs y rhkuiib`ohs kh e`rogkg prhvbstgs prhvbstgs ho hl grt. ;1 khl H[ quh gfhitho g uo oõdhr` kh trgngegk`rhs bofhrb`r g l`s udnrglhs prhvbst`s ho hl grt. 87.7 khl H[ (hs khibr, bofhrb`r g5 7= trgng egk`rhs, ho lgs hdprhsgs quh `iupho dho`s kh 7== trgngegk`rhs3 hl 7=% ho gquhllgs quh `iupho hotrh 7== y 9==3 y 9= ho lgs quh `iupho dçs kh 9==). f) ]r`ihkbdbhot`s rhlgtbv`s g l`s khrhij`s khrhij`s kh i`oiblbgibùo i`oiblbgibùo kh lg vbkg phrs`ogl, phrs`ogl, fgdblbgr y lgn`rgl lgn`rgl rhi`o`ibk`s lhagl ` i`ovhoib`ogldhoth, sglv` iugok` sh jgyg giudulgk` prhthosbùo kh rhsgribdbhot` kh kg÷`s y phreubib`s quh p`r su iugotäg pukbhrg kgr luagr g rhiurs` kh suplbigibùo (dçs kh 9.=== hur`s). a) ^hilgdgib`ohs iuyg iugotäg lbtbab`sg o` hxihkg kh 9.=== hur`s. [gdp`i` pr`ihkhrç rhiurs` ho pr`ihs`s kh bdpuaogibùo kh gltg dâkbig iuglqubhrg quh shg lg iugotäg kh lgs prhstgib`ohs kh boigpgibkgk thdp`rgl quh vbobhrh phribnbhok` hl trgngegk`r. hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp 827 ]r`ihkbdbhot`s Eukbibglhs. H) ]r`ihkbdbhot` I`othoib`s` Gkdbobstrgtbv` y Lgn`rgl. [hdg 66 I. Khthrdbogibùo Khthrdbogibùo kh lg iugotäg iugotäg khl pr`ihs` pr`ihs` y giudulgibùo kh giib`ohs (grt. 72>) [`dh o`tg Yb hl git`r f`rdulgsh vgrbgs prhthosb`ohs y rhilgdgrh igotbkgk p`r igkg uog kh hllgs, sh sudgrço t`kgs pgrg hstgnlhihr lg iugotäg. Yb fuhsho vgrb`s l`s khdgokgoths ` glaõo khdgokgk` rhi`ovbobhsh, lg iugotäg lbtbab`sg g hfhit`s kh lg pr`ihkhoibg ` o` khl rhiurs`, lg khthrdbogrç lg rhilgdgibùo iugotbtgtbvg dgy`r sbo bothrhshs ob rhigra`s p`r d`rg. Iugok` ho uo dbsd` pr`ihs` sh hehribtho uog ` dçs giib`ohs giudulgkgs kh lgs quh s`lgdhoth glauog shg rhiurrbnlh ho suplbigibùo, pr`ihkhrç baugldhoth kbij` rhiurs`, sglv` hxprhsg kbsp`sbibùo ho i`otrgrb`. Iugok` lg rhilgdgibùo vhrsh s`nrh prhstgib`ohs hi`oùdbigs phrbùkbigs kh iuglqubhr ogturglhzg ` kbfhrhoibgs s`nrh hllgs, lg iugotäg lbtbab`sg g hfhit`s kh rhiurs` vhokrç khthrdbogkg p`r hl bdp`rth kh lg prhstgibùo nçsbig ` kh lgs kbfhrhoibgs rhilgdgkgs, gdngs ho iùdput` gougl, sbo thohr ho iuhotg lgs gituglbzgib`ohs ` dhe`rgs quh pukbhrgo shrlh gplbignlhs, ob l`s bothrhshs ` rhigra`s p`r d`rg. Lg dbsdg rhalg sh gplbigrç g lgs rhilgdgib`r hilgdgib`ohs kh rhi`o`ibdbhot` kh khrhij`s, sbhdprh quh thoago trgkuiibùo hi`oùdbig. Ho bdpuaogibùo kh git`s gkdbobstrgtbv`s ho dgthrbg lgn`rgl y kh Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl sh gthokhrç, g hfhit`s kh rhiurs`, gl i`othobk` hi`oùdbi` kh lg prhthosbùo ` khl git` `neht` khl pr`ihs` iugok` shg susihptbnlh kh tgl vgl`rgibùo y, ho su igs`, ho iùdput` gougl. Iugok` sh prhthokg hl rhi`o`ibdbhot` kh uo khrhij` ` sbtugibùo euräkbig bokbvbkuglbzgkg, lg iugotäg vhokrç khthrdbogkg p`r hl vgl`r hi`oùdbi` kh l` rhilgdgk` `, ho su igs`, p`r lg kbfhrhoibg rhsphit` kh l` prhvbgdhoth rhi`o`ibk` ho väg gkdbobstrgtbvg. Iugok` sh prhthokg lg goulgibùo kh uo git`, boilubk`s l`s kh igrçithr sgoib`ogk`r, sh gthokhrç gl i`othobk` hi`oùdbi` khl dbsd`. Ho gdn`s igs`s o` sh thokrço ho iuhotg l`s bothrhshs ` rhigra`s p`r d`rg. Ho dgthrbg kh prhstgib`ohs kh Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl baugldhoth vgl`rgnlhs hi`oùdbigdhoth, sh hstgrç g lg rhalg prhvbstg pgrg lgs prhstgib`ohs hi`oùdbigs phrbùkbigs, i`dputçok`sh hxilusbvgdhoth g hst`s fbohs lgs kbfhrhoibgs rhilgdgkgs s`nrh hl bdp`rth rhi`o`ibk` prhvbgdhoth ho väg gkdbobstrgtbvg. K. @neht` khl rhiurs` kh suplbigibùo suplbigibùo (grt. 729 L^EY) Hl rhiurs` kh suplbigibùo thokrç p`r `neht`5 82>   hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp Lg hvbtgibùo khl pr`ihs`5 I`oiblbgibùo prhvbg y rhilgdgibùo gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg g) ^hp`ohr l`s gut`s gut`s gl hstgk` ho hl quh sh hoi`otrgngo ho hl d`dhot` kh kh i`dhthrsh uog bofrgiibùo bofrgiibùo kh o`rdgs ` agrgotägs khl pr`ihkbdbhot` quh jgyg pr`kuibk` bokhfhosbùo.  n) ^hvbsgr l`s jhij`s khilgrgk`s pr`ngk`s, g lg vbstg kh lgs pruhngs k`iudhotglhs y phrbibglhs prgitbigkgs. i) Hxgdbogr lgs bofrgiib`ohs bofrgiib`ohs kh o`rdgs sustgotbvgs sustgotbvgs ` kh lg lg eurbsprukhoibg. H. Gouoib` khl rhiurs` (grt 72; L^EY) L^EY) Hl rhiurs` kh suplbigibùo khnhrç gouoibgrsh khotr` kh l`s 8 kägs sbaubhoths g lg o`tbfbigibùo kh lg shothoibg, ngstgok` pgrg hll` lg dhrg dgobfhstgibùo kh lg pgrth ` kh su gn`agk`, argkugk` s`ibgl i`lhabgk` ` kh su rhprhshotgoth, gl jgihrlh lg o`tbfbigibùo kh gquhllg, kh su pr`pùsbt` kh hotgnlgrl`. [gdnbâo p`krç gouoibgrsh p`r i`dpgrhihoibg ` p`r hsirbt` kh lgs pgrths ` kh su gn`agk` ` argkugk` s`ibgl i`lhabgk`, ` rhprhshotgoth goth hl euzagk` quh kbitù lg rhs`luibùo bdpuaogkg, khotr` khl bokbigk` plgz`. F. Bothrp`sbibùo khl rhiurs` (grt. 728 L^EY) g. Yb lg rhs`luibùo fuhrg rhiurrbnlh ho suplbigibùo Yb lg rhs`luibùo fuhrg rhiurrbnlh ho suplbigibùo y lg pgrth junbhrg gouoibgk` hl rhiurs` ho tbhdp` y f`rdg y iudplbk` lgs khdçs prhvhoib`ohs hstgnlhibkgs ho lg L^EY, hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg thokrç p`r gouoibgk` hl rhiurs` y gi`rkgrç p`ohr l`s gut`s g kbsp`sbibùo khl lhtrgk` ` argkugk` s`ibgl i`lhabgk` khsbaogk` p`r lg pgrth rhiurrhoth, p`r hl `rkho kh gouoib`, ho lg f`rdg kbspuhstg ho hl grt. ;:.7 L^EY (pgrg lg hotrhag kh gut`s), pgrg quh bothrp`oag hl rhiurs`, khotr` kh l`s 7= kägs sbaubhoths g quh sh o`tbfbquh lg puhstg g kbsp`sbibùo, khnbhok` sustbtubrsh hl trgslgk` dgthrbgl kh lgs gitugib`ohs p`r lg hotrhag kh s`p`rth bof`rdçtbi` ` dhkbgoth giihs` thlhdçtbi`, sb sh kbspusbhrg kh l`s dhkb`s ohihsgrb`s pgrg hll`. Hsth plgz` i`rrhrç iuglqubhrg quh shg hl d`dhot` ho quh hl lhtrgk` ` hl argkugk` s`ibgl i`lhabgk` hxgdbogrg ` rhi`abhrg l`s gut`s. Yb hl ùrago` eurbskbiib`ogl kbspusbhrg kh l`s dhkb`s pgrg kgr sbdultçoh` trgslgk` ` giihs` g lgs gitugib`ohs g t`kgs lgs pgrths rhiurrhoths, sh kbsp`okrç quh tgot` lg puhstg g kbsp`sbibùo kh lgs gitugib`ohs, i`d` lg bothrp`sbibùo khl rhiurs`, sh hfhitõho khotr` kh uo plgz` i`dõo g t`k`s l`s rhiurrhoths. n. Yb lg rhs`luibùo bdpuaogkg o` fuhrg rhiurrbnlh ho suplbigibùo Yb hl rhiurs` o` sh junbhrg gouoibgk` ho tbhdp` ` sb hl rhiurrhoth junbhrg boiudplbk` l`s rhqubsbt`s ohihsgrb`s pgrg hl gouoib` khl rhiurs` kh d`k` bosunsgognlh ` o` junbhrg sunsgogk` kbij`s rhqubsbt`s khotr` khl târdbo` i`ofhrbk` gl hfhit`, shaõo hl grt. >9=.8 L^EY (8 kägs), hl ùrago` eukbibgl khilgrgrç, dhkbgoth GX[@, thohr p`r o` gouoibgk` hl rhiurs`, quhkgok` fbrdh ho su igs` lg shothoibg bdpuaogkg. I`otrg hsth gut` p`krç rhiurrbrsh ho WXHEG goth lg Yglg kh l` Y`ibgl khl [rbnuogl Yuphrb`r kh  Eustbibg. A. Hsirbt` kh bothrp`sbibùo bothrp`sbibùo (grt. (grt. 726 L^EY) g. ]rhshotgibùo Hl hsirbt` bothrp`obhok` hl rhiurs` kh suplbigibùo sh prhshotgrç goth hl euzagk` quh kbitù lg rhs`luibùo bdpuaogkg, i`o tgotgs i`pbgs iugotgs shgo lgs pgrths rhiurrbkgs. hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp 829 ]r`ihkbdbhot`s Eukbibglhs. H) ]r`ihkbdbhot` I`othoib`s` Gkdbobstrgtbv` y Lgn`rgl. [hdg 66 n. I`othobk` Ho hl hsirbt` kh bothrp`sbibùo khl rhiurs`, euot` i`o lgs glhagib`ohs s`nrh su pr`ihkhoibg y s`nrh hl iudplbdbhot` kh l`s rhqubsbt`s hxbabk`s, hxbabk`s, sh hxprhsgrço, i`o sufbibhoth prhibsbùo y ilgrbkgk, hl d`tbv` ` l`s d`tbv`s ho quh sh gdpgrh, ibtçok`sh lgs o`rdgs khl `rkhogdbhot` euräkbi` ` lg eurbsprukhoibg quh sh i`osbkhrho bofrboabkgs. Ho t`k` igs` sh rgz`ogrç lg phrtbohoibg y fuokgdhotgibùo kh l`s d`tbv`s. [gdnbâo jgnrço kh sh÷glgrsh kh dgohrg sufbibhoth pgrg quh shgo bkhotbfbigk`s, hl i`oirht` k`iudhot` k`iudhot` ` phrbibg ho quh sh ngsh igkg d`tbv` kh rhvbsbùo kh l`s jhij`s pr`ngk`s quh sh gkuzig h bokbigok` lg f`rdulgibùo glthrogtbvg quh sh prhthokh. J. [rgslgk` g lgs `trgs pgrths (grt. 721 L^EY) g. [rgslgk`. ]lgz` y i`othobk` kh lg bdpuaogibùo Bothrpuhst` hl rhiurs` ho tbhdp` y f`rdg, hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg pr`vhhrç ho hl plgz` kh > kägs kgok` trgslgk` khl dbsd` pgrg su bdpuaogibùo, g lg pgrth ` pgrths rhiurrbkgs p`r uo plgz` i`dõo kh 8 kägs pgrg t`kgs hllgs. Ho l`s hsirbt`s kh bdpuaogibùo, quh sh prhshotgrço gi`dpg÷gk`s kh tgotgs i`pbgs i`d` shgo lgs khdçs pgrths pgrg su trgslgk` g lgs dbsdgs, p`krço glhagrsh d`tbv`s kh bogkdbsbnblbkgk khl rhiurs`, gsä i`d` hvhotuglhs rhitbfbigib`ohs kh jhij` ` igusgs kh `p`sbibùo sunsbkbgrbgs guoquh o` junbhrgo sbk` hstbdgkgs ho lg shothoibg, i`o goçl`a`s rhqubsbt`s g l`s bokbigk`s pgrg hl hsirbt` kh bothrp`sbibùo. n. [rgslgk` kh lg bdpuaogibùo5 Hsirbt`s kh glhagib`ohs Khl hsirbt` ` hsirbt`s kh bdpuaogibùo sh kgrç trgslgk` g lgs pgrths. Kh jgnhrsh f`rdulgk` ho kbij`s hsirbt`s glhagib`ohs s`nrh bogkdbsbnblbkgk khl rhiurs` ` l`s d`tbv`s g quh sh rhfbhrh hl gpgrtgk` gothrb`r, lgs khdçs pgrths p`krço prhshotgr kbrhitgdhoth sus glhagib`ohs gl rhsphit`, euot` i`o lgs i`rrhsp`okbhoths i`pbgs pgrg su trgslgk` g lgs khdçs pgrths, khotr` kh l`s > kägs sbaubhoths g rhibnbr hl trgslgk` khl hsirbt` kh bdpuaogibùo. i. Hlhvgibùo kh l`s gut`s g lg Yglg [rgosiurrbk` hl plgz` kh bdpuaogibùo y ho su igs` hl kh glhagib`ohs, jçygosh prhshotgk` ` o` hsirbt`s ho tgl shotbk` y prhvb` trgslgk` kh lgs glhagib`ohs sb sh junbhrgo prhshotgk`, sh hlhvgrço l`s gut`s g lg Yglg kh l` Y`ibgl khl [rbnuogl Yuphrb`r kh Eustbibg, euot` i`o hl rhiurs` y hsirbt`s prhshotgk`s, khotr` kh l`s > kägs sbaubhoths. B. Khthrdbogibùo Khthrdbogibù o kh k`dbiblb` (grt. 72: L^EY) Lgs pgrths rhiurrhoths y rhiurrbkgs khnhrço jgihr i`ostgr, ho l`s hsirbt`s kh bothrp`sbibùo khl rhiurs` y kh bdpuaogibùo khl dbsd`, uo k`dbiblb` ho lg shkh kh lg Yglg kh l` Y`ibgl khl [rbnuogl Yuphrb`r kh  Eustbibg g hfhit`s kh o`tbfbigib`ohs, kh o` jgnhrl` i`osbaogk` prhvbgdhoth, prhvbgdhoth, i`o l`s plho`s hfhit`s g l`s quh sh rhfbhrh hl grt. 89.> L^EY. E. Yunsgogibùo (grt. 722 L^EY) ^hibnbk`s l`s gut`s ho lg Yglg kh l` Y`ibgl khl [rbnuogl Yuphrb`r kh Eustbibg, sb hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg gprhibgrg khfhit`s u `dbsb`ohs sunsgognlhs ho hl rhiurs`, i`oihkhrç g lg pgrth hl plgz` kh 8 kägs pgrg quh sh gp`rtho l`s k`iudhot`s `dbtbk`s ` sh sunsgoho l`s khfhit`s gprhibgk`s. Kh o` hfhitugrsh, lg Yglg kbitgrç gut` khilgrgok` lg bogkdbsbùo khl rhiurs` y lg fbrdhzg kh lg rhs`luibùo rhiurrbkg, i`o khv`luibùo khl khpùsbt` i`ostbtubk` y lg rhdbsbùo kh lgs gitugib`ohs gl euzagk` kh pr`ihkhoibg. 82;   hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp Lg hvbtgibùo khl pr`ihs`5 I`oiblbgibùo prhvbg y rhilgdgibùo gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg I`otrg kbij` gut` s`l` ignh rhiurs` kh ^hp`sbibùo. C. Bogkdbsbùo khl rhiurs` (grt. >== L^EY) Bostrubk` kh l`s gut`s p`r 9 kägs hl Dgabstrgk` p`ohoth, kgrç iuhotg g lg Yglg khl rhiurs` bothrpuhst` y hstg, bkhotbfbigok` kh f`rdg suibotg lgs ibriuostgoibgs eustbfbigtbvgs, p`krç `är gl rhiurrhoth p`r 9 kägs s`nrh lg bogkdbsbùo khl rhiurs` p`r jgnhrsh boiudplbk` kh dgohrg dgobfbhstg h bosunsgognlh l`s rhqubsbt`s pgrg rhiurrbr ` p`r hxbstbr k`itrbog eurbsprukhoibgl uobfbigkg khl [rbnuogl Yuprhd` ho hl dbsd` shotbk` quh lg shothoibg rhiurrbkg. Yb lg Yglg hstbdgrg quh i`oiurrh glauog kh lgs igusgs kh bogkdbsbùo rhfhrbkgs kbitgrç, ho hl plgz` kh 9 kägs, gut`, i`otrg hl quh o` ignrç rhiurs`, khilgrgok` lg bogkdbsbùo khl rhiurs` y lg fbrdhzg kh lg rhs`luibùo rhiurrbkg i`o bdp`sbibùo kh lgs i`stgs gl rhiurrhoth y i`o pârkbkg khl khpùsbt` ohihsgrb` pgrg rhiurrbr, kçok`sh g lgs i`osbaogib`ohs y gshaurgdbhot`s prhstgk`s hl khstbo` quh i`rrhsp`okg y o`tbfbigok` lg rhs`luibùo g lgs pgrths y gl Dbobsthrb` Fbsigl. Iugok` lg bogkdbsbùo sh rhfbhrg s`lgdhoth g glauo` kh l`s d`tbv`s gkuibk`s ` g glauo` kh l`s rhiurs`s bothrpuhst`s, dhkbgoth gut`, o` susihptbnlh kh rhiurs`, sh kbsp`okrç lg i`otbougibùo khl trçdbth kh l`s rhstgoths rhiurs`s ` d`tbv`s o` gfhitgk`s p`r hl gut` kh bogkdbsbùo pgribgl. L. Gkdbsbùo khl rhiurs`5 rhiurs`5 Yhothoibg Yhothoibg hstbdgt`rbg ` khshstbdgt`rbg khshstbdgt`rbg (grt. >=7 L^EY) Kh o` jgnhrsh gi`rkgk` lg bogkdbsbùo, prhvb` sh÷glgdbhot` pgrg khlbnhrgibùo, v`tgibùo y fgll`, lg Yglg kbitgrç shothoibg khotr` khl plgz` kh 7= kägs, quh sh o`tbfbigrç g lgs pgrths y g lg Fbsigläg kh lg I`duobkgk Gutùo`dg, rhs`lvbhok` s`nrh lg hstbdgibùo ` khshstbdgibùo khl rhiurs`, gsä i`d`, ho su igs`, s`nrh lgs iuhstb`ohs `p`rtuogdhoth susibtgkgs ho bdpuaogibùo, ` gprhibgok` su bogkdbsbnblbkgk y khshstbdçok`l` khshstbdçok` l` ho i`oshiuhoibg. Lg hstbdgibùo khl rhiurs` kgrç luagr g lg goulgibùo ` rhv`igibùo kh lg shothoibg rhiurrbkg y lg khshstbdgibùo khl dbsd` khthrdbogrç lg i`ofbrdgibùo kh lg rhs`luibùo rhiurrbkg. Fbrdh lg shothoibg, hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg gi`rkgrç lg khv`luibùo kh l`s gut`s,  euot` i`o lg ihrtbfbigibùo ihrtbfbigibùo kh gquhllg, gl euzagk` kh pr`ihkhoibg. pr`ihkhoibg. D. Hfhit`s kh lg hstbdgibùo hstbdgibùo khl rhiurs` (grt. >=> L^EY) Iugok` lg rhv`igibùo kh lg rhs`luibùo kh bostgoibg sh fuokh ho lg bofrgiibùo kh o`rdgs ` agrgotägs khl pr`ihkbdbhot` quh jgyg pr`kuibk` bokhfhosbùo, kh giuhrk` i`o hl grt. 729 g), lg Yglg, sbo hotrgr ho hl f`ok` kh lg iuhstbùo, dgokgrç rhp`ohr l`s gut`s gl hstgk` ho quh sh hoi`otrgngo ho hl d`dhot` kh i`dhthrsh lg bofrgiibùo, y sb hstg sh junbhrg pr`kuibk` ho hl git` khl eubib`, gl d`dhot` kh su sh÷glgdbhot`. Yb lg bofrgiibùo i`dhtbkg vhrsgrg s`nrh lgs o`rdgs rhaulgk`rgs kh lg shothoibg, lg hstbdgibùo khl d`tbv` `nlbagrç g lg Yglg g rhs`lvhr l` quh i`rrhsp`okg, khotr` kh l`s târdbo`s ho quh gpgrhzig plgothgk` hl khngth. ]hr` sb o` pukbhrg jgihrl`, p`r shr bosufbibhoth hl rhlgt` kh jhij`s pr`ngk`s kh lg rhs`luibùo rhiurrbkg y p`r o` p`khrsh i`dplhtgr p`r hl iguih pr`ihsgl i`rrhsp`okbhoth, gi`rkgrç lg oulbkgk ho t`k` ` ho pgrth kh kbijg rhs`luibùo y kh lgs sbaubhoths gitugib`ohs pr`ihsglhs, i`oirhtgok` ho igs` kh oulbkgk pgribgl l`s hxtrhd`s kh lg rhs`luibùo bdpuaogkg quh i`oshrvgo su fbrdhzg, y dgokgrç rhp`ohr l` gitugk` gl d`dhot` kh kbitgr shothoibg, pgrg quh sh sglvho lgs khfbibhoibgs gkvhrtbkgs y sbago l`s gut`s su iurs` lhagl. Kh hstbdgrsh glauo` kh l`s rhstgoths d`tbv`s i`dprhokbk`s ho hl grt. 729 (rhvbsgr l`s jhij`s khilgrgk`s pr`ngk`s, g lg vbstg kh lgs pruhngs k`iudhotglhs y phrbibglhs prgitbigkgs, ` hxgdbogr lgs bofrgiib`ohs kh o`rdgs sustgotbvgs ` kh lg eurbsprukhoibg), lg Yglg rhs`lvhrç l` quh i`rrhsp`okg, i`o prhfhrhoibg kh lg rhs`luibùo kh f`ok` khl lbtbab`, khotr` kh l`s târdbo`s ho quh gpgrhzig plgothgk` hl hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp 828 ]r`ihkbdbhot`s Eukbibglhs. H) ]r`ihkbdbhot` I`othoib`s` Gkdbobstrgtbv` y Lgn`rgl. [hdg 66 khngth, boilus` s`nrh hxtrhd`s o` rhsuhlt`s ho su d`dhot` ho lg shothoibg rhiurrbkg p`r jgnhr gprhibgk` glauog ibriuostgoibg `nstgtbvg, gsä i`d`, ho su igs`, s`nrh lgs glhagib`ohs khkuibkgs ho l`s hsirbt`s kh bdpuaogibùo, sbhdprh y iugok` hl rhlgt` kh jhij`s pr`ngk`s y khdçs gothihkhoths o` iuhstb`ogk`s `nrgoths ho gut`s rhsultgrgo sufbibhoths. O. Hstbdgibùo t`tgl y pgribgl pgribgl khl rhiurs` rhiurs` (grt. >=9 L^EY) Bdp`rtgoth Ho t`k`s l`s supuhst`s kh hstbdgibùo pgribgl khl rhiurs` kh suplbigibùo, hl fgll` kbsp`okrç lg khv`luibùo kh lg t`tglbkgk khl khpùsbt`. 826 Iugok` lg Yglg rhv`quh t`tgldhoth lg shothoibg kh bostgoibg y hl rhiurrhoth jgyg i`osbaogk` ho dhtçlbi` lg igotbkgk bdp`rth kh lg i`okhog ` gshaurgk` lg dbsdg i`of`rdh g l` prhvhobk` ho lg L^EY, gsä i`d` i`ostbtubk` hl khpùsbt` pgrg rhiurrbr, hl fgll` kbsp`okrç lg khv`luibùo kh t`kgs lgs i`osbaogib`ohs y khl khpùsbt` y lg igoihlgibùo kh l`s gshaurgdbhot`s prhstgk`s, uog vhz fbrdh lg shothoibg. Yb hstbdgk` hl rhiurs` kh suplbigibùo sh i`okhogrg g uog igotbkgk bofhrb`r g lg rhi`o`ibkg p`r lg rhs`luibùo rhiurrbkg, hl fgll` kbsp`okrç lg khv`luibùo pgribgl kh lgs i`osbaogib`ohs, ho lg iugotäg quh i`rrhsp`okg g lg kbfhrhoibg kh lgs k`s i`okhogs, y lg igoihlgibùo tgdnbâo pgribgl kh l`s gshaurgdbhot`s prhstgk`s, uog vhz fbrdh lg shothoibg. ×. ]ârkbkg kh igotbkgkhs i`osbaogkgs (grt. >=; L^EY) Iugok` lg Yglg i`ofbrdh lg shothoibg y hl rhiurrhoth jgyg i`osbaogk` lgs igotbkgkhs g lgs quh sh rhfbhrh lg L^EY, hl fgll` i`okhogrç g lg pârkbkg kh lgs i`osbaogib`ohs, g lgs quh sh kgrç hl khstbo` quh i`rrhsp`okg iugok` lg shothoibg shg fbrdh. Ho hl igs` kh quh hl euhz dhkbgoth gut`, jgyg bdpuhst` dultg kh 7:= g 6.=== hur`s, sbo quh ho oboaõo igs` puhkg suphrgr lg iugotäg kh 7/9 khl lbtbab`, g lg pgrth quh `nrù i`o dglg fh ` thdhrbkgk ` o` giukbù gl git` kh i`oiblbgibùo boeustbfbigkgdhoth, g trgvâs kh pbhzg shpgrgkg, kh f`rdg d`tbvgkg y rhsphtgok` hl prboibpb` kh pr`p`rib`oglbkgk, p`okhrgok` lgs ibriuostgoibgs khl jhij`, lg igpgibkgk hi`oùdbig y l`s phreubib`s igusgk`s gl pr`ihs` y g `tr`s bothrvbobhoths ` g thrihr`s (hx. grts. 18.; y 21.9 L^EY), lg shothoibg kh lg Yglg i`ofbrdgrç ` o`, ho t`k` ` ho pgrth, kbijg dultg, pr`ouoibçok`sh gsbdbsd`, iugok` hl i`okhogk` fuhrh hl hdprhsgrb`, s`nrh l`s j`o`rgrb`s kh l`s gn`agk`s ` kh l`s argkugk`s s`ibglhs bdpuhst`s ho lg shothoibg rhiurrbkg. Lg Yglg p`krç bdp`ohr kbijgs sgoib`ohs y dhkbkgs g l`s rhiurrhoths kh gprhibgrsh thdhrbkgk ` dglg fh ho lg gitugibùo kh lgs pgrths ` su rhprhshotgibùo pr`ihsgl kurgoth hl rhiurs`. Yb hl rhiurrhoth junbhrg gshaurgk` hl bdp`rth kh lg i`okhog i`of`rdh g l` prhvhobk` lg L^EY dgokgrç lg Yglg ho su fgll` i`ofbrdgt`rb` quh sh dgothoago l`s gshaurgdbhot`s prhstgk`s,   hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp Lg hvbtgibùo khl pr`ihs`5 I`oiblbgibùo prhvbg y rhilgdgibùo gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg jgstg quh hl i`okhogk` iudplg lg shothoibg ` jgstg quh ho iudplbdbhot` kh lg shothoibg rhsuhlvg lg rhglbzgibùo kh kbij`s gshaurgdbhot`s. Yb hl rhiurrhoth junbhrg i`ostbtubk` hl khpùsbt` ohihsgrb` pgrg rhiurrbr, lg shothoibg i`ofbrdgt`rbg kbsp`okrç su pârkbkg, l` quh sh rhglbzgrç iugok` lg shothoibg shg fbrdh. 9.> Khl rhiurs` kh igsgibùo pgrg lg uobfbigibùo kh k`itrbog G. Yhothoibgs rhiurrbnlhs (grt. >7: L^EY) Y`o rhiurrbnlhs ho igsgibùo pgrg lg uobfbigibùo kh k`itrbog, lgs shothoibgs kbitgkgs ho suplbigibùo p`r lgs Yglgs kh l` Y`ibgl kh l`s [rbnuogl Yuphrb`r kh Eustbibg. N. Fboglbkgk khl rhiurs`. Lhabtbdgibùo khl Dbobsthrb` Fbsigl (grt. >72 L^EY) Hehdpl` kh rhiurs` kh igsgibùo pgrg lg uobfbigibùo kh k`itrbog g. Yupuhst`s `rkbogrb`s Hl rhiurs` thokrç p`r `neht` lg uobfbigibùo kh k`itrbog i`o `igsbùo kh shothoibgs kbitgkgs ho suplbigibùo p`r lgs Yglgs kh l` Y`ibgl kh l`s [rbnuogl Yuphrb`r kh Eustbibg, quh fuhrgo i`otrgkbit`rbgs hotrh sä, i`o lg kh `trg u `trgs Yglgs kh l`s rhfhrbk`s [rbnuoglhs Yuphrb`rhs ` i`o shothoibgs khl [rbnuogl Yuprhd`, rhsphit` kh l`s dbsd`s lbtbagoths u `tr`s kbfhrhoths ho bkâotbig sbtugibùo k`okh, ho dârbt` g jhij`s, fuokgdhot`s y prhthosb`ohs sustgoibgldhoth bauglhs, sh junbhrh llhagk` g pr`ouoibgdbhot`s kbstbot`s. ]`krç glhagrsh i`d` k`itrbog kh i`otrgkbiibùo lg hstgnlhibkg ho lgs shothoibgs kbitgkgs p`r hl [rbnuogl I`ostbtuib`ogl y l`s ùrago`s eurbskbiib`oglhs bostbtubk`s ho l`s [rgtgk`s y Giuhrk`s bothrogib`oglhs ho dgthrbg kh khrhij`s judgo`s y lbnhrtgkhs fuokgdhotglhs rgtbfbigk`s p`r Hspg÷g, sbhdprh quh sh iudplgo l`s prhsupuhst`s khl oõdhr` gothrb`r rhfhrbk`s g lg prhthosbùo kh tuthlg kh tglhs khrhij`s y lbnhrtgkhs. Lg shothoibg quh rhsuhlvg hl rhiurs` sh lbdbtgrç, ho kbij` puot` kh i`otrgkbiibùo, g i`oihkhr ` khohagr lg tuthlg khl khrhij` ` lbnhrtgk bov`igk`s, ho fuoibùo kh lg gplbignblbkgk kh kbijg k`itrbog gl supuhst` plgothgk`. I`o bauglhs rhqubsbt`s y gligoih s`nrh su gplbignblbkgk, p`krç bov`igrsh lg k`itrbog hstgnlhibkg ho lgs shothoibgs khl [EXH ho bothrprhtgibùo khl khrhij` i`duobtgrb`. n. Yupuhst` hsphibgl • Fboglbkgk Hl Dbobsthrb` Fbsigl, ho su fuoibùo kh khfhosg kh lg lhaglbkgk, kh `fbib` ` g bostgoibg kh l`s sbokbigt`s, `ragobzgib`ohs hdprhhkbt`rbgl    }         ihp 821 ]r`ihkbdbhot`s Eukbibglhs. H) ]r`ihkbdbhot` I`othoib`s` Gkdbobstrgtbv` y Lgn`rgl. [hdg 66 sgrbglhs, gs`ibgib`ohs rhprhshotgtbvgs kh l`s trgngegk`rhs gutùo`d`s hi`oùdbigdhoth khphokbhoths ` hotbkgkhs põnlbigs quh, p`r lgs i`dphthoibgs quh thoago gtrbnubkgs, `sthotho bothrâs lhaätbd` ho lg uobkgk eurbsprukhoibgl s`nrh lg iuhstbùo lbtbab`sg, y i`o bokhphokhoibg kh lg fgiultgk quh `rkbogrbgdhoth tbhoh gtrbnubkg, p`krç bothrp`ohr rhiurs` kh igsgibùo pgrg uobfbigibùo kh k`itrbog. Kbij` rhiurs` p`krç bothrp`ohrsh iugok`, sbo hxbstbr k`itrbog uobfbigkg ho lg dgthrbg kh quh sh trgth, sh jgygo kbitgk` pr`ouoibgdbhot`s kbstbot`s p`r l`s [rbnuogl Yuphrb`r kh Eustbibg, ho bothrprhtgibùo kh uogs dbsdgs o`rdgs sustgotbvgs ` pr`ihsglhs y ho ibriuostgoibgs sustgoibgldhoth bauglhs, gsä i`d` iugok` sh i`ostgth lg kbfbiultgk kh quh lg iuhstbùo puhkg giihkhr g uobfbigibùo kh k`itrbog shaõo l`s rhqubsbt`s `rkbogrbgdhoth hxbabk`s ` iugok` lgs o`rdgs iuhstb`ogkgs p`r pgrth kh l`s trbnuoglhs khl `rkho s`ibgl shgo kh rhibhoth vbahoibg ` gplbigibùo, p`r llhvgr dho`s kh 8 g÷`s ho vba`r ho hl d`dhot` kh jgnhrsh bobibgk` hl pr`ihs` ho 7ª bostgoibg, y o` hxbstbhrgo gõo rhs`luib`ohs sufbibhoths h bkùohgs s`nrh t`kgs lgs iuhstb`ohs kbsiutbkgs quh iudplbhrgo l`s rhqubsbt`s hxbabk`s gothrb`rdhoth. • ]rhpgrgibùo Hl rhiurs` p`krç prhpgrgrl` lg Fbsigläg kh Yglg kh l` Y`ibgl khl [rbnuogl Yuprhd` khotr` kh l`s 7= kägs sbaubhoths g lg o`tbfbigibùo g lg Fbsigläg kh lg I`duobkgk Gutùo`dg kh lg shothoibg bdpuaogkg, dhkbgoth hsirbt` rhkuibk` g lg dgobfhstgibùo khl pr`pùsbt` kh hotgnlgr hl rhiurs` y hxp`obhok` suibotgdhoth lg fuokgdhotgibùo quh sh pr`p`okrç khsgrr`llgr ho hl dbsd`. • ]rhshotgi ]rhshotgibùo bùo y trgslgk` g lgs khdçs khdçs pgrths Hl hsirbt` sh prhshotgrç goth lg Yglg quh kbitù lg rhs`luibùo bdpuaogkg y khl dbsd` sh kgrç trgslgk` g lgs khdçs pgrths, jgygo ` o` prhpgrgk` lgs dbsdgs rhiurs`. Lgs pgrths p`krço khotr` kh l`s 8 kägs sbaubhoths, s`lbibtgr quh ho hl rhiurs` hl Dbobsthrb` Fbsigl bothrhsh lg glthrgibùo kh lg sbtugibùo euräkbig pgrtbiulgr rhsultgoth kh lg shothoibg rhiurrbkg y hl i`othobk` kh lgs prhthosb`ohs quh hl dbobsthrb` põnlbi` jgnräg kh f`rdulgr ho su o`dnrh ho tgl igs`. • Hlhvgibùo g lg Yglg prhvb` prhvb` hdplgzgdbhot` hdplgzgdbhot` g lgs pgrths [rgsiurrbk` hl plgz` gothrb`r, guoquh o` sh junbhrgo prhshotgk` hsirbt`s kh lgs pgrths ho hl shotbk` hxprhsgk`, khotr` kh l`s 8 kägs sbaubhoths sh hlhvgrço l`s gut`s g lg Yglg kh l` Y`ibgl khl [rbnuogl Yuprhd` euot` i`o l`s hsirbt`s kh prhpgrgibùo quh sh junbhrgo prhshotgk` y lgs gitugib`ohs quh sh junbhrho prgitbigk` jgstg hsh d`dhot` ho hl hstgk` ho quh sh hoiuhotrho, prhvb` hdplgzgdbhot` p`r hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg g lgs khdçs pgrths quh o` junbhrgo rhiurrbk` pgrg su phrs`ogibùo p`r hsirbt` p`r dhkb` kh lhtrgk` goth lg Yglg kh l` Y`ibgl khl [rbnuogl Yuprhd` khotr` khl plgz` kh l`s 7= kägs sbaubhoths, khnbhok` girhkbtgrsh lg rhprhshotgibùo kh lg pgrth kh o` i`ostgr prhvbgdhoth ho lgs gitugib`ohs. Lg pgrth rhiurrhoth ho su igs`, y hl Dbobsthrb` Fbsigl sh hothokhrço phrs`ogk`s kh khrhij` i`o lg rhdbsbùo kh l`s gut`s. • [rgdbtgibùo goth lg Yglg kh l` Y`ibgl Y`ibgl khl [rbnuogl Yuprhd`5 Yuprhd`5 Yhothoibg Yhothoibg Lgs gitugib`ohs ulthrb`rhs sh shaubrço goth lg Yglg kh l` Y`ibgl khl [rbnuogl Yuprhd` i`of`rdh g lgs rhalgs ahohrglhs khl rhiurs` kh igsgibùo pgrg lg uobfbigibùo kh k`itrbog hstgnlhibkgs ho l`s grtäiul`s >>> g >>: i`o lgs gkgptgib`ohs ohihsgrbgs thobhok` ho iuhotg lgs hsphibglbkgkhs kh hstg d`kglbkgk khl rhiurs`. Ho igs` kh hstbdgibùo khl rhiurs`, lg shothoibg fbegrç ho hl fgll` lg k`itrbog eurbsprukhoibgl y p`krç gfhitgr g lg sbtugibùo euräkbig pgrtbiulgr khrbvgkg kh lg shothoibg rhiurrbkg i`of`rdh g lgs prhthosb`ohs `p`rtuogdhoth khkuibkgs p`r hl Dbobsthrb` Fbsigl y p`r lgs pgrths i`dpgrhibkgs ho hl rhiurs` quh sh junbhrho gkjhrbk` gl dbsd`. Ho khfhit` kh s`lbibtuk kh pgrth ` ho hl igs` kh quh lgs pgrths o` jgygo rhiurrbk`, lg shothoibg rhsphtgrç lg sbtugibùo euräkbig pgrtbiulgr khrbvgkg kh lg shothoibg rhiurrbkg y ho iugot` gfhith g lgs prhtho82:   hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp Lg hvbtgibùo khl pr`ihs`5 I`oiblbgibùo prhvbg y rhilgdgibùo gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg sb`ohs khkuibkgs p`r hl Dbobsthrb` Fbsigl, kh shr hstbdgt`rbg, fbegrç ho hl fgll` lg k`itrbog eurbsprukhoibgl. Ho hsth igs`, hl fgll` sh punlbigrç ho hl N@H y, g pgrtbr kh su boshribùo ho âl, i`dplhdhotgrç hl `rkhogdbhot` euräkbi`, vboiulgok` ho tgl i`oihpt` g t`k`s l`s euhihs y trbnuoglhs khl `rkho eurbskbiib`ogl s`ibgl kbfhrhoths gl [rbnuogl Yuprhd`. I. ]rhpgrgibùo khl rhiurs` rhiurs` (grt. >>= L^EY) Hl rhiurs` p`krç prhpgrgrl` iuglqubhrg kh lgs pgrths ` hl Dbobsthrb` Fbsigl khotr` kh l`s 7= kägs sbaubhoths g lg o`tbfbigibùo kh lg shothoibg bdpuaogkg. Kurgoth hl plgz` gothrb`r, lgs pgrths, hl Dbobsthrb` Fbsigl ` hl lhtrgk` khsbaogk` g tgl fbo, thokrço g su kbsp`sbibùo ho lg `fbibog eukbibgl khl [rbnuogl Yuphrb`r kh Eustbibg l`s gut`s pgrg su hxgdho, khnbhok` giihkhr g l`s dbsd`s p`r l`s dhkb`s hlhitrùobi`s ` thlhdçtbi`s, ho igs` kh kbsp`ohrsh kh hll`s. K. F`rdg y i`othobk` khl hsirbt` hsirbt` kh prhpgrgibùo khl rhiurs` (grt. >>7 L^EY) Hl rhiurs` sh prhpgrgrç dhkbgoth hsirbt` kbrbabk` g lg Yglg kh l` Y`ibgl khl [rbnuogl Yuphrb`r kh Eustbibg quh kbitù lg shothoibg kh suplbigibùo, i`o tgotgs i`pbgs i`d` pgrths rhiurrbkgs y khsbaogok` uo k`dbiblb` ho lg shkh kh lg Yglg kh l` Y`ibgl khl [rbnuogl Yuprhd` g hfhit`s kh o`tbfbigib`ohs, i`o plho`s hfhit`s. Hl hsirbt` kh prhpgrgibùo khnhrç hstgr fbrdgk` p`r gn`agk`, girhkbtgok` lg rhprhshotgibùo kh lg pgrth kh o` i`ostgr prhvbgdhoth ho lgs gitugib`ohs, y hxprhsgrç hl pr`pùsbt` kh lg pgrth kh f`rdglbzgr hl rhiurs`, i`o hxp`sbibùo suibotg kh lg i`oiurrhoibg kh l`s rhqubsbt`s hxbabk`s. Hl hsirbt` khnhrç5 g) Hxp`ohr igkg uo` kh l`s hxtrhd`s khl oõilh` kh lg i`otrgkbiibùo, khthrdbogok` hl shotbk` y gligoih kh lg kbvhrahoibg hxbsthoth hotrh lgs rhs`luib`ohs i`dpgrgkgs, ho gthoibùo g lg bkhotbkgk kh lg sbtugibùo, g lg bauglkgk sustgoibgl kh jhij`s, fuokgdhot`s y prhthosb`ohs y g lg kbfhrhoibg kh pr`ouoibgdbhot`s.  n) Jgihr rhfhr rhfhrhoibg hoibg khtgll khtgllgkg gkg y prhibs prhibsgg g l`s kgt`s bkhot bkhotbfbbfbigtbv`s kh lg shothoibg ` shothoibgs quh lg pgrth prhthokg utblbzgr pgrg fuokgdhotgr igkg uo` kh l`s puot`s kh i`otrgkbiibùo. Lgs shothoibgs bov`igkgs i`d` k`itrbog kh i`otrgkbiibùo khnhrço jgnhr agogk` fbrdhzg g lg fhijg kh fboglbzgibùo khl plgz` kh bothrp`sbibùo khl rhiurs`. hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp Gthoibùo Lgs shothoibgs quh o` jgygo sbk` `neht` kh hxprhsg dhoibùo ho hl hsirbt` kh prhpgrgibùo o` p`krço shr p`sthrb`rdhoth bov`igkgs ho hl hsirbt` kh bothrp`sbibùo. 822 ]r`ihkbdbhot`s Eukbibglhs. H) ]r`ihkbdbhot` I`othoib`s` Gkdbobstrgtbv` y Lgn`rgl. [hdg 66 H. ^hs`luibùo s`nrh lg lg prhpgrgibùo prhpgrgibùo khl rhiurs` (grt. >>> L^EY) Iudplbk`s l`s rhqubsbt`s hstgnlhibk`s hstgnlhibk`s pgrg rhiurrbr, hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg thokrç p`r prhpgrgk` hl rhiurs` kh igsgibùo. I`otrg hstg rhs`luibùo lg pgrth rhiurrbkg O@ p`krç bothrp`ohr rhiurs` glauo`, phr` p`krç `p`ohrsh g lg gkdbsbùo khl rhiurs` kh igsgibùo gl phrs`ogrsh goth lg Yglg kh l` Y`ibgl khl [rbnuogl Yuprhd`. Yb hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg gprhibgrg lg hxbsthoibg kh khfhit`s sunsgognlhs, rhquhrbrç su sunsgogibùo p`r plgz` kh 8 kägs, kgok` iuhotg g lg Yglg sb hstg o` sh pr`kuehrg pgrg quh rhsuhlvg l` quh pr`ihkg. Lg Yglg kh suplbigibùo khilgrgrç, dhkbgoth gut`, thohr p`r o` prhpgrgk` hl rhiurs`, quhkgok` fbrdh, ho su igs`, lg rhs`luibùo bdpuaogkg5 - Yb lg lg rhs`luibùo rhs`luibùo bdpuaogkg o` fuhrg fuhrg rhiurrbnlh rhiurrbnlh ho ho igsgibùo, igsgibùo, - sb hl rhiurs` rhiurs` o` sh junbhrg prhpgrgk` khotr` kh plgz`, - sb hl hsirbt` kh prhpgrgibùo o` i`otuvbhrg i`otuvbhrg lgs dhoib`ohs dhoib`ohs hxbabkgs pgrg lg fuokgdhotgibùo fuokgdhotgibùo khl rhiurs`, - sb hl rhiurrhoth junbhrg boiudplbk` l`s rhqubsbt`s ohihsgrb`s pgrg lg prhpgrgibùo khl rhiurs` kh d`k` bosunsgognlh, ` - o` junbhrg junbhrg sunsgogk` kbij`s rhqubsbt`s khotr` khl khl târdbo` târdbo` i`ofhrbk` i`ofhrbk` gl hfhit`. I`otrg hsth gut` p`krç rhiurrbrsh ho quheg goth lg Yglg kh l` Y`ibgl khl [rbnuogl Yuprhd`. F. Bothrp`sbibùo khl rhiurs` (grt. >>9 L^EY) ]rhpgrgk` ho tbhdp` y f`rdg hl rhiurs`, hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg, khotr` kh l`s > kägs sbaubhoths, i`oihkhrç g lg pgrth ` pgrths rhiurrhoths hl plgz` i`dõo kh 78 kägs pgrg bothrp`ohr hl rhiurs` goth lg dbsdg Yglg kh suplbigibùo, g pgrtbr kh lg o`tbfbigibùo kh lg rhs`luibùo gl lhtrgk` ` lhtrgk`s khsbaogk`s, kurgoth iuy` plgz` l`s gut`s sh hoi`otrgrço g su kbsp`sbibùo ho lg `fbibog eukbibgl kh lg Yglg pgrg su hotrhag ` hxgdho, sb l` hstbdgo ohihsgrb`. Ho hl igs` kh quh lg Yglg kbsp`oag kh l`s gut`s ho s`p`rth hlhitrùobi` ` puhkg giihkhrsh g hll`s p`r dhkb`s thlhdçtbi`s, p`krç sustbtubr hl trgslgk` dgthrbgl kh lgs gitugib`ohs p`r tglhs dhkb`s, i`of`rdh kbsp`oh hl grt. ;:.7 L^EY. Hl hsirbt` kh bothrp`sbibùo khl rhiurs` khnhrç br fbrdgk` p`r gn`agk`, i`o tgotgs i`pbgs i`d` pgrths rhiurrbkgs, y rhuobr l`s rhqubsbt`s khl grt. >>; L^EY quh bodhkbgtgdhoth vhrhd`s. Kh o` hfhitugrsh lg bothrp`sbibùo ` sb sh junbhrg hfhitugk` fuhrg kh plgz`, quhkgrç khsbhrt` hl rhiurs` y fbrdh lg shothoibg, i`o bdp`sbibùo gl rhiurrhoth kh lgs i`stgs igusgkgs, kh jgnhr i`dpgrhibk` ho hl rhiurs` lgs pgrths rhiurrbkgs, ho l`s târdbo`s hstgnlhibk`s ho lg L^EY y sbo quh quhpg rhiurs` i`otrg kbijg rhs`luibùo. I`otrg hl gut` quh gsä l` hstgnlhzig, prhvbg rhp`sbibùo, p`krç rhiurrbrsh ho quheg goth lg Yglg kh l` Y`ibgl khl [rbnuogl Yuprhd`. ]rhshotgk` ho tbhdp` hl hsirbt` kh bothrp`sbibùo, euot`, ho su igs`, i`o lgs `p`rtuogs ihrtbfbigib`ohs kh shothoibgs, hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg hdplgzgrç g lgs khdçs pgrths pgrg su phrs`ogibùo p`r hsirbt` p`r dhkb` kh lhtrgk` goth lg Yglg kh l` Y`ibgl khl [rbnuogl Yuprhd` khotr` khl plgz` kh l`s 7= kägs sbaubhoths, khsbaogok` uo k`dbiblb` ho lg shkh kh lg Yglg kh l` Y`ibgl khl [rbnuogl Yuprhd` g hfhit`s kh o`tbfbigib`ohs, i`o t`k`s l`s kgt`s ohihsgrb`s pgrg su prçitbig, i`o plho`s hfhit`s, y khnbhok` girhkbtgr lg rhprhshotgibùo kh lg pgrth kh o` i`ostgr prhvbgdhoth ho lgs gitugib`ohs. Lg pgrth rhiurrhoth sh hothokhrç phrs`ogkg kh khrhij` i`o lg rhdbsbùo kh l`s gut`s. L`s gut`s sh rhdbtbrço p`r hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg khotr` kh l`s 8 kägs sbaubhoths gl hdplgzgdbhot`. 6==   hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp Lg hvbtgibùo khl pr`ihs`5 I`oiblbgibùo prhvbg y rhilgdgibùo gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg Lg prhpgrgibùo h bothrp`sbibùo khl rhiurs` sh hfhitugrço p`r hl lhtrgk` quh junbhrg gsbstbk` g lg pgrth jgstg hsh d`dhot`, boilus` ho vbrtuk kh khsbaogibùo kh `fbib`, sglv` quh sh hfhitõh ouhvg khsbaogibùo kh lhtrgk`. A. I`othobk` khl hsirbt` hsirbt` kh bothrp`sbibùo bothrp`sbibùo khl rhiurs` (grt. >>; L^EY) Hl hsirbt` kh bothrp`sbibùo khl rhiurs` khnhrç i`othohr5 g) Xog rhlgibùo prhibsg y ibriuostgoibgkg kh lg i`otrgkbiibùo glhagkg kh igkg uo` kh l`s hxtrhd`s khl oõilh` kh lg i`otrgkbiibùo, khthrdbogok` hl shotbk` y gligoih kh lg kbvhrahoibg hxbsthoth hotrh lgs rhs`luib`ohs i`dpgrgkgs, ho gthoibùo g lg bkhotbkgk kh lg sbtugibùo, g lg bauglkgk sustgoibgl kh jhij`s, fuokgdhot`s y prhthosb`ohs y g lg kbfhrhoibg kh pr`ouoibgdbhot`s, hvbkhoibgok` quh i`oiurrh lg sustgoibgl i`otrgkbiibùo kh shothoibgs y graudhotgok` s`nrh lg i`oiurrhoibg kh lgs bkhotbkgkhs kh l`s lbtbagoths ` lg hxbsthoibg kh `tr`s kbfhrhoths ho bkâotbig sbtugibùo k`okh, ho dârbt` g jhij`s, fuokgdhot`s y prhthosb`ohs sustgoibgldhoth bauglhs, sh junbhrh llhagk` g pr`ouoibgdbhot`s kbstbot`s.  n) Lg fuokgdhotgibùo kh lg bofrgiibùo lhagl i`dhtbkg ho lg shothoibg bdpuaogkg y, ho su igs`, khl quhnrgot` pr`kuibk` ho lg uobfbigibùo kh lg bothrprhtgibùo khl khrhij` y lg f`rdgibùo kh lg eurbsprukhoibg. ]grg kgr iudplbdbhot` g hstgs hxbahoibgs sh hxprhsgrç shpgrgkgdhoth, i`o lg ohihsgrbg prhibsbùo y ilgrbkgk, lg phrtbohoibg kh igkg uo` kh l`s d`tbv`s kh igsgibùo, ho rhlgibùo i`o l`s puot`s kh i`otrgkbiibùo g quh sh rhfbhrh hl gpgrtgk` g), p`r hl sbaubhoth `rkho5 7µ Gnus`, hxihs` ` khfhit` ho hl hehribib` kh lg eurbskbiibùo. >µ Boi`dphthoibg ` bogkhiugibùo kh kh pr`ihkbdbhot`. pr`ihkbdbhot`. 9µ Wuhnrgotgdbhot` kh lgs f`rdgs hshoibglhs hshoibglhs khl eubib` p`r bofrgiibùo kh lgs o`rdgs rhaulgk`rgs rhaulgk`rgs kh lg shothoibg ` kh lgs quh rbaho l`s git`s y agrgotägs pr`ihsglhs, sbhdprh quh, ho hsth õltbd` igs`, sh jgyg pr`kuibk` bokhfhosbùo pgrg lg pgrth. ;µ Bofrgiibùo kh lgs o`rdgs khl `rkhogdbhot` `rkhogdbhot` euräkbi` ` kh lg eurbsprukhoibg quh quh fuhrho gplbignlhs pgrg rhs`lvhr lgs iuhstb`ohs `neht` kh khngth. ^gz`ogok` lg phrtbohoibg y fuokgdhotgibùo kh igkg d`tbv` y hl i`othobk` i`oirht` kh lg bofrgiibùo ` vulohrgibùo i`dhtbkgs, jgibhok` dhoibùo prhibsg kh lgs o`rdgs sustgotbvgs ` pr`ihsglhs bofrboabkgs, gsä i`d`, ho hl igs` kh quh sh bov`quh lg uobfbigibùo kh lg bothrprhtgibùo khl khrhij`, jgibhok` rhfhrhoibg suibotg g l`s pgrtbiulgrhs gplbignlhs kh lgs rhs`luib`ohs quh hstgnlhzigo lg k`itrbog eurbsprukhoibgl bov`igkg. Y`l` p`krç bov`igrsh uog shothoibg p`r igkg puot` kh i`otrgkbiibùo, quh khnhrç hlhabrsh ohihsgrbgdhoth kh hotrh lgs khsbaogkgs ho hl hsirbt` kh prhpgrgibùo y shr fbrdh ho hl d`dhot` kh lg fboglbzgibùo khl plgz` kh bothrp`sbibùo. I`o hl hsirbt` kh bothrp`sbibùo, kh o` jgnhrsh gp`rtgk` i`o gothrb`rbkgk, p`krç jgihrsh gp`rtgibùo ihrtbfbigkg kh lg shothoibg ` shothoibgs i`otrgrbgs, girhkbtgok` su fbrdhzg ho lg fhijg kh hxpbrgibùo khl plgz` kh bothrp`sbibùo, ` i`o ihrtbfbigibùo p`sthrb`r kh quh agoù fbrdhzg khotr` kh kbij` plgz` lg shothoibg gothrb`rdhoth gp`rtgkg. Yb lg pgrth rhiurrhoth o` gp`rtg lg ihrtbfbigibùo kh lg shothoibg y kh su fbrdhzg ho tbhdp` `p`rtuo` sh rhilgdgrç kh `fbib` p`r lg shirhtgräg kh lg Yglg. hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp 6=7 ]r`ihkbdbhot`s Eukbibglhs. H) ]r`ihkbdbhot` I`othoib`s` Gkdbobstrgtbv` y Lgn`rgl. [hdg 66 J. Khibsbùo s`nrh lg gkdbsbùo gkdbsbùo khl rhiurs` (grt. >>8 L^EY) g. Khibsbùo khl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg ^hibnbk`s l`s gut`s ho lg Yglg kh l` Y`ibgl khl [rbnuogl Yuprhd`, sb hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh  Eustbibg gprhibgrg hl khfhit` bosunsgognlh kh jgnhrsh prhpgrgk` ` bothrpuhst` fuhrg kh plgz` kbitgrç khirht` p`obhok` fbo gl trçdbth khl rhiurs`, i`otrg hl quh s`l` pr`ihkhrç rhiurs` kh rhvbsbùo. Kh gprhibgr khfhit`s sunsgognlhs ho lg trgdbtgibùo khl rhiurs`, ` ho su prhpgrgibùo h bothrp`sbibùo, i`oihkhrç g lg pgrth uo plgz` kh 7= kägs pgrg lg gp`rtgibùo kh l`s k`iudhot`s `dbtbk`s ` lg sunsgogibùo kh l`s khfhit`s gprhibgk`s. Kh o` hfhitugrsh lg sunsgogibùo ho hl tbhdp` y f`rdg hstgnlhibk`s, kgrç iuhotg g lg Yglg pgrg quh rhsuhlvg l` quh pr`ihkg y kh kbitgrsh gut` p`obhok` fbo gl trçdbth khl rhiurs`, khilgrgrç lg fbrdhzg ho su igs` kh lg rhs`luibùo rhiurrbkg, i`o pârkbkg khl khpùsbt` i`ostbtubk` y rhdbsbùo kh lgs gitugib`ohs g lg Yglg kh pr`ihkhoibg. I`otrg kbij` gut` s`l` pr`ihkhrç rhiurs` kh rhp`sbibùo. n. Kgibùo kh iuhotg gl ]`ohoth pgrg bostruiibùo y kh hsth g lg Yglg Kh o` jgnhr gprhibgk` khfhit`s hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg, ` uog vhz sunsgogk`s l`s gkvhrtbk`s, ` sb hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg gprhibgrh khfhit`s bosunsgognlhs, shg ho lg prhpgrgibùo ` ho lg bothrp`sbibùo, kbstbot`s kh l`s kh su prhpgrgibùo ` bothrp`sbibùo fuhrg kh plgz`, kgrç iuhotg gl Dgabstrgk` p`ohoth pgrg bostruiibùo kh l`s gut`s p`r 9 kägs. Hl Dgabstrgk` p`ohoth, kgrç iuhotg g lg Yglg khl rhiurs` bothrpuhst` y kh lgs igusgs kh bogkdbsbùo quh gprhibgrh, ho su igs`. Yb lg Yglg hstbdgrh quh i`oiurrh glauog kh lgs igusgs kh bogkdbsbùo rhfhrbkgs, gi`rkgrç `är gl rhiurrhoth s`nrh lgs dbsdgs p`r uo plgz` kh 8 kägs, i`o ulthrb`r bof`rdh khl Dbobsthrb` Fbsigl p`r `tr`s 8 kägs, kh o` jgnhr bothrpuhst` hl rhiurs`. Y`o igusgs kh bogkdbsbùo5 - Hl boiudplbdbhot` boiudplbdbhot` kh kh dgohrg dgobfbhstg h bosunsgognlh kh l`s rhqubsbt`s pr`ihsglhs pgrg prhpgrgr ` bothrp`ohr hl rhiurs`, - lg igrhoibg s`nrhvhobkg khl `neht` khl rhiurs`, - lg fgltg kh i`othobk` igsgib`ogl kh lg prhthosbùo y - hl jgnhrsh khshstbdgk` ho hl f`ok` `tr`s `tr`s rhiurs`s ho supuhst`s supuhst`s sustgoibgldhoth sustgoibgldhoth bauglhs. bauglhs. Yb lg Yglg hstbdgrg quh i`oiurrh glauog kh lgs igusgs kh bogkdbsbùo rhfhrbkgs kbitgrç, ho hl plgz` kh 9 kägs, gut` khilgrgok` lg bogkdbsbùo y lg fbrdhzg kh lg rhs`luibùo rhiurrbkg, i`o bdp`sbibùo gl rhiurrhoth kh lgs i`stgs igusgkgs, kh jgnhr i`dpgrhibk` ho hl rhiurs` lgs pgrths rhiurrbkgs, ho l`s târdbo`s hstgnlhibk`s ho hstg Lhy y sbo quh quhpg rhiurs` i`otrg kbijg rhs`luibùo. Hl gut` kh bogkdbsbùo i`dp`rtgrç, ho su igs`, lg pârkbkg khl khpùsbt` i`ostbtubk`, kçok`sh g lgs i`osbaogib`ohs y gshaurgdbhot`s prhstgk`s hl khstbo` quh i`rrhsp`okg, kh giuhrk` i`o lg shothoibg kh suplbigibùo. Iugok` lg bogkdbsbùo sh rhfbhrg s`lgdhoth g glauo` kh l`s d`tbv`s gkuibk`s ` g glauo` kh l`s rhiurs`s bothrpuhst`s, sh kbsp`okrç lg i`otbougibùo khl trçdbth kh l`s rhstgoths rhiurs`s ` d`tbv`s o` gfhitgk`s p`r hl gut` kh bogkdbsbùo pgribgl. ]grg hl khspgij` `rkbogrb` y rhs`luibùo kh lg bogkdbsbùo kh hsth rhiurs` lg Yglg sh i`ostbtubrç i`o 9 Dgabstrgk`s. 6=>   hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp Lg hvbtgibùo khl pr`ihs`5 I`oiblbgibùo prhvbg y rhilgdgibùo gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg B. [rgdbtgibùo (grt. >>6 L^EY) g. Hsirbt` kh bdpuaogibùo Yb lg pgrth ` pgrths rhiurrbkgs o` sh junbhrgo phrs`ogk`, hl trçdbth khl rhiurs` shaubrç gkhlgoth sbo su bothrvhoibùo. Kh o` jgnhrsh gprhibgk` igusg kh bogkdbsbùo ho hl rhiurs`, hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg kgrç trgslgk` khl hsirbt` kh bothrp`sbibùo g lg pgrth ` pgrths phrs`ogkgs pgrg quh f`rdglbiho su bdpuaogibùo khotr` khl plgz` i`dõo kh 78 kägs, kurgoth hl iugl, g pgrtbr kh lg o`tbfbigibùo kh lg rhs`luibùo gl lhtrgk` khsbaogk`, l`s gut`s sh hoi`otrgrço g su kbsp`sbibùo ho lg `fbibog eukbibgl khl [rbnuogl pgrg su hxgdho. Ho hl igs` kh quh lg Yglg kbsp`oag kh l`s gut`s ho s`p`rth hlhitrùobi` ` puhkg giihkhrsh g hll`s p`r dhkb`s thlhdçtbi`s ho lg dbsdg Yglg, sh hothokhrço puhst`s g kbsp`sbibùo kh lg rhprhshotgibùo pr`ihsgl khskh hl d`dhot` kh lg hotrhag kh lg i`pbg ` s`p`rth ` kh lg puhstg g kbsp`sbibùo p`r kbij`s dhkb`s kh lgs gitugib`ohs. n. [rgslgk` gl Dbobsthrb` Fbsigl Hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg kgrç trgslgk` shaubkgdhoth kh l`s gut`s g lg Fbsigläg kh l` Y`ibgl khl [rbnuogl Yuprhd`, ho s`p`rth i`ovhoib`ogl ` hlhitrùobi`, jçygosh prhshotgk` ` o` hsirbt`s kh bdpuaogibùo, pgrg quh ho hl plgz` kh 7= kägs bof`rdh s`nrh lg pr`ihkhoibg ` bdpr`ihkhoibg kh lg igsgibùo prhthokbkg. Hl rhfhrbk` trgslgk` sh hfhitugrç baugldhoth, g l`s hstrbit`s fbohs kh khfhosg kh lg lhaglbkgk, guoquh hl Dbobsthrb` Fbsigl shg pgrth ho hl pr`ihs`. Iugok` hl rhiurs` sh junbhrh bothrpuhst` kbrhitgdhoth p`r hl Dbobsthrb` Fbsigl ho khfhosg kh lg lhaglbkgk i`of`rdh gl grt. >72.9 (yg dhoib`ogk`) o` sh hfhitugrç kbij` trgslgk`. i. Khlbnhrgibùo, v`tgibùo y fgll` (grt. >>1 L^EY) Khvuhlt`s l`s gut`s p`r hl Dbobsthrb` Fbsigl, euot` i`o su bof`rdh, lg Yglg gi`rkgrç sh÷glgr, khotr` kh l`s 7= kägs sbaubhoths, pgrg khlbnhrgibùo, v`tgibùo y fgll`. Lg shothoibg khnhrç kbitgrsh ho hl plgz` kh 7= kägs, i`otgk`s khskh hl sbaubhoth gl kh lg ihlhnrgibùo kh lg v`tgibùo. Yb lg trgsihokhoibg ` i`dplhebkgk khl gsuot` l` gi`oshegrg, hl prhsbkhoth, p`r sä dbsd`, ` g pr`puhstg kh lg dgy`räg kh l`s Dgabstrgk`s kh lg Yglg, p`krç gi`rkgr quh hstg sh i`ostbtuyg i`o 8 Dgabstrgk`s, `, d`tbvgkgdhoth, ho ]lho`. k. I`othobk` kh lg Yhothoibg (grt. >>: L^EY) L`s pr`ouoibgdbhot`s kh lg Yglg kh l` Y`ibgl khl [rbnuogl Yuprhd` gl rhs`lvhr hst`s rhiurs`s, ho oboaõo igs` gligozgrço g lgs sbtugib`ohs euräkbigs irhgkgs p`r lgs rhs`luib`ohs prhihkhoths prhihkhoths g lg bdpuaogkg. Gj`rg nbho, sb lg shothoibg khl [rbnuogl Yuprhd` khilgrgrg quh lg rhiurrbkg quhnrgotg lg uobkgk kh k`itrbog, igsgrç y goulgrç hstg shothoibg y rhs`lvhrç hl khngth plgothgk` ho suplbigibùo i`o pr`ouoibgdbhot`s geustgk`s g kbijg uobkgk kh k`itrbog, gligozgok` g lgs sbtugib`ohs euräkbigs pgrtbiulgrhs irhgkgs p`r lg shothoibg bdpuaogkg. Ho lg shothoibg kh lg Yglg kh l` Y`ibgl khl [rbnuogl Yuprhd` sh rhs`lvhrç l` quh pr`ihkg s`nrh i`osbaogib`ohs, gshaurgdbhot`s, i`stgs, j`o`rgrb`s y dultgs, ho su igs`, khrbvgk`s khl rhiurs` kh suplbigibùo kh giuhrk` i`o l` prhvhobk` ho hstg Lhy. Yb sh junbhrh i`ostbtubk` khpùsbt` pgrg rhiurrbr, sh gi`rkgrç lg khv`luibùo kh su bdp`rth. Lg shothoibg khshstbdgt`rbg p`r i`osbkhrgr quh lg shothoibg rhiurrbkg i`otbhoh lg k`itrbog geustgkg gigrrhgrç lg pârkbkg khl khpùsbt` pgrg rhiurrbr. Hl fgll` kbsp`okrç lg igoihlgibùo ` hl dgothobdbhot` t`tgl ` pgribgl, ho su igs`, kh lgs i`osbaogib`ohs ` gshaurgdbhot`s prhstgk`s, kh giuhrk` i`o sus pr`ouoibgdbhot`s. hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp 6=9 ]r`ihkbdbhot`s Eukbibglhs. H) ]r`ihkbdbhot` I`othoib`s` Gkdbobstrgtbv` y Lgn`rgl. [hdg 66 9.9 Kbsp`sbib`ohs i`duohs g l`s rhiurs`s kh suplbigibùo y igsgibùo G. Khpùsbt` pgrg rhiurrbr rhiurrbr (grt. >>2 L^EY) Bdp`rtgoth L`s khpùsbt`s iuyg pârkbkg junbhrh sbk` gi`rkgkg p`r shothoibg sh boarhsgrço ho hl [hs`r` ]õnlbi`. [`k` hl quh, sbo thohr lg i`okbibùo kh trgngegk`r, igusgjgnbhoth suy` ` nhohfbibgrb` khl râabdho põnlbi` kh lg Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl, gouoibh rhiurs` kh suplbigibùo ` prhpgrh rhiurs` kh igsgibùo, i`osbaogrç i`d` khpùsbt`5 g) 9== hur`s, sb sh sh trgtg kh rhiurs` kh kh suplbigibùo.  n) 6== hur`s, sb hl rhiurs` fuhrg hl kh igsgibùo boilubk` hl kh igsgibùo pgrg lg uobfbigibùo kh k`itrbog. L`s khpùsbt`s sh i`ostbtubrço ho lg iuhotg kh khpùsbt`s y i`osbaogib`ohs i`rrhsp`okbhoth gl ùrago` quh junbhrh kbitgk` lg rhs`luibùo rhiurrbkg. Hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh  Eustb  Eus tbibg ibg vh vhrbf rbfbig bigrç rç ho lg iuh iuhot otgg lg rhg rhglbz lbzgib gibùo ùo khl boa boarhs rhs`, `, khnbhok` quhkgr i`ostgoibg kh kbijg gitugibùo ho hl pr`ihkbdbhot`. Hl Hstgk`, lgs II.GG., lgs hotbkgkhs l`iglhs y lgs hotbkgkhs kh khrhij` põnlbi` i`o phrs`oglbkgk euräkbig pr`pbg vboiulgkgs ` khphokbhoths kh l`s dbsd`s, gsä i`d` lgs hotbkgkhs kh khrhij` põnlbi` rhaulgkgs p`r su o`rdgtbvg hsphiäfbig y l`s ùrago`s i`ostbtuib`oglhs, hstgrço hxhot`s kh lg `nlbagibùo kh i`ostbtubr l`s khpùsbt`s, iguib`ohs, i`osbaogib`ohs ` iuglqubhr `tr` tbp` kh agrgotäg prhvbst` ho lgs lhyhs. L`s sbokbigt`s y qubhohs tuvbhrho rhi`o`ibk` hl nhohfbib` kh eustbibg argtubtg quhkgrço hxhot`s kh i`ostbtubr hl khpùsbt` rhfhrbk` y lgs i`osbaogib`ohs quh pgrg rhiurrbr vbhoho hxbabkgs ho lg L^EY. N. I`osbaogibùo kh igotbkgk (grt. >9= L^EY) L^EY) Iugok` lg shothoibg bdpuaogkg junbhrh i`okhogk` gl pga` kh igotbkgk, shrç bokbsphosgnlh quh hl rhiurrhoth quh o` a`zgrh khl khrhij` kh gsbsthoibg euräkbig argtubtg girhkbth, gl gouoibgr hl rhiurs` kh suplbigibùo ` gl prhpgrgr hl rhiurs` kh igsgibùo, jgnhr i`osbaogk` ho lg `p`rtuog hotbkgk kh irâkbt` y ho lg iuhotg kh khpùsbt`s y i`osbaogib`ohs gnbhrtg g o`dnrh khl ùrago` eurbskbiib`ogl, lg igotbkgk `neht` kh lg i`okhog, pukbhok` sustbtubrsh lg i`osbaogibùo ho dhtçlbi` p`r hl gshaurgdbhot` dhkbgoth gvgl s`lbkgrb` kh kurgibùo bokhfbobkg y pgagkhr` g prbdhr rhquhrbdbhot` hdbtbk` p`r hotbkgk kh irâkbt`. Ho hsth õltbd` igs`, hl k`iudhot` kh gshaurgdbhot` quhkgrç rhabstrgk` y khp`sbtgk` ho lg `fbibog eukbibgl. Hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg hxphkbrç thstbd`ob` khl dbsd` pgrg su uobùo g gut`s, fgiblbtgok` hl `p`rtuo` rhibn`. Ho hl igs` kh i`okhog s`lbkgrbg, lg `nlbagibùo kh i`osbaogibùo ` gshaurgdbhot` gligozgrç g t`k`s l`s i`okhogk`s i`o tgl 6=;   hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp Lg hvbtgibùo khl pr`ihs`5 I`oiblbgibùo prhvbg y rhilgdgibùo gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg igrçithr, sglv` quh lg i`osbaogibùo ` hl gshaurgdbhot`, guoquh hfhitugk` s`lgdhoth p`r glauo` kh l`s i`okhogk`s, tuvbhrg hxprhsgdhoth igrçithr s`lbkgrb` rhsphit` kh t`k`s hll`s pgrg rhsp`okhr äothargdhoth kh lg i`okhog quh pukbhrg fbogldhoth rhighr frhoth g iuglqubhrg kh l`s dbsd`s. Iugok` lg i`okhog sh jgyg hfhitugk` p`r prbdhrg vhz ho lg shothoibg kh suplbigibùo, ` sh jgyg boirhdhotgk` ho lg dbsdg lg iugotäg prhvbgdhoth rhi`o`ibkg ho lg shothoibg kh bostgoibg, lg i`osbaogibùo ` gshaurgdbhot` sh hfhitugrço p`r prbdhrg vhz, ` sh i`dplhdhotgrço ho lg dhkbkg i`rrhsp`okbhoth, gl prhpgrgr hl rhiurs` kh igsgibùo. Ho dgthrbg kh Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl sh gplbigrço lgs sbaubhoths rhalgs5 g) Iugok` ho lg shothoibg sh rhi`o`zig gl nhohfbibgrb` nhohfbibgrb` hl khrhij` g phribnbr prhstgib`ohs, pgrg quh puhkg rhiurrbr hl i`okhogk` gl pga` kh kbijg prhstgibùo shrç ohihsgrb` quh jgyg boarhsgk` ho lg [hs`rhräg Ahohrgl kh lg Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl hl igpbtgl i`sth kh lg phosbùo ` hl bdp`rth kh lg prhstgibùo g lg quh jgyg sbk` i`okhogk` ho hl fgll`, i`o `neht` kh gn`ogrlg g l`s nhohfbibgrb`s kurgoth lg sustgoibgibùo khl rhiurs`, prhshotgok` ho lg `fbibog eukbibgl hl `p`rtuo` rhsaugrk`, quh sh thstbd`obgrç ho gut`s, quhkgok` nge` lg iust`kbg khl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg. Hl dbsd` dbsd` boarhs` khnhrç hfhitugr hl khilgrgk` khilgrgk` rhsp`osgnlh khl rhigra` p`r fgltg kh dhkbkgs dhkbkgs kh kh shaurbkgk, ho iugot` gl p`rihotgeh quh jgyg sbk` rhi`o`ibk` p`r 7ª vhz ho väg eukbibgl y rhsphit` kh lgs phosb`ohs igusgkgs jgstg hsh d`dhot`, prhvbg fbegibùo p`r lg [hs`rhräg Ahohrgl kh lg Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl khl igpbtgl i`sth ` bdp`rth khl rhigra` r higra` i`rrhsp`okbhoth. Ho l`s igs`s ho l`s l`s quh o` pr`ihkg hl boarhs` khl igpbtgl i`sth ` khl bdp`rth kh lg prhstgibùo sh sh hstgrç g lgs rhalgs ahohrglhs.  n) Iugok` pr`ihkg hfhitugr hl boarhs` khl igpbtgl i`sth kh lg phosbùo ` khl bdp`rth kh lg prhstgibùo i`of`rdh gl gpgrtgk` g) gothrb`r, uog vhz gouoibgk` ` prhpgrgk` hl rhiurs`, hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg kbitgrç kblbahoibg `rkhogok` quh sh kâ trgslgk` g lg [hs`rhräg Ahohrgl kh lg Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl pgrg quh sh fbeh hl igpbtgl i`sth ` bdp`rth kh lg prhstgibùo g phribnbr. ^hibnbkg hstg i`duobigibùo, lg o`tbfbigrç gl rhiurrhoth pgrg quh ho hl plgz` kh 8 kägs hfhitõh lg i`osbaogibùo rhquhrbkg ho lg [hs`rhräg Ahohrgl kh lg Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl, nge` gphribnbdbhot` kh quh kh o` jgihrl` gsä sh p`okrç fbo gl trçdbth khl rhiurs`. i) Yb ho lg shothoibg sh i`okhogrg i`okhogrg g lg Hotbkgk Ahst`rg kh lg Yhaurbkgk Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl, hstg quhkgrç quhkgrç hxhotg khl boarhs` prhvhobk` ho l`s gpgrtgk`s g) y n) gothrb`rhs, got hrb`rhs, phr` khnhrç prhshotgr goth lg `fbibog eukbibgl, gl gouoibgr ` prhpgrgr su rhiurs`, ihrtbfbigibùo girhkbtgtbvg kh quh i`dbhozg hl gn`o` kh lg prhstgibùo y quh l` pr`shaubrç puotugldhoth kurgoth lg trgdbtgibùo khl rhiurs`, jgstg hl lädbth kh su rhsp`osgnblbkgk, sglv` ho prhstgib`ohs kh pga` õobi` ` i`rrhsp`okbhoths g uo phrä`k` yg ga`tgk` ho hl d`dhot` khl gouoib`. Kh o` iudplbrsh hfhitbvgdhoth hsth gn`o` sh p`okrç fbo gl trçdbth khl rhiurs`. k) Iugok` lg i`okhog sh rhfbhrg rhfbhrg g dhe`rgs v`luotgrbgs kh lg giibùo pr`thit`rg kh lg Yhaurbkgk Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl, hl i`okhogk` ` khilgrgk` rhsp`osgnlh vhokrç `nlbagk` g hfhitugr lg i`osbaogibùo ` gshaurgdbhot` kh lg i`okhog goth hl euzagk` ho lg f`rdg hstgnlhibkg i`o igrçithr ahohrgl. L`s gothrb`rhs rhqubsbt`s kh i`osbaogibùo y gshaurgdbhot` kh lg i`okhog khnho eustbfbigrsh, euot` i`o lg i`ostbtuibùo khl khpùsbt` ohihsgrb` pgrg rhiurrbr, ho su igs`, ho hl d`dhot` khl gouoib` khl rhiurs` kh suplbigibùo ` kh lg prhpgrgibùo khl rhiurs` kh igsgibùo. Yb hl gouoib` ` lg prhpgrgibùo khl rhiurs` sh junbhrh hfhitugk` p`r dhkb` kh dhrg dgobfhstgibùo ho hl d`dhot` kh lg o`tbfbigibùo kh lg shothoibg, hl khpùsbt` y lg i`osbaogibùo ` gshaurgdbhot` p`krç hfhitugrsh jgstg lg hxpbrgibùo khl plgz` hstgnlhibk` pgrg hl gouoib` ` prhpgrgibùo khl rhiurs`, khnbhok` ho hsth õltbd` igs` girhkbtgr kbij`s hxtrhd`s khotr` khl dbsd` plgz` goth lg `fbibog eukbibgl dhkbgoth l`s eustbfbigoths i`rrhsp`okbhoths. hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp 6=8 ]r`ihkbdbhot`s Eukbibglhs. H) ]r`ihkbdbhot` I`othoib`s` Gkdbobstrgtbv` y Lgn`rgl. [hdg 66 Yb hl rhiurrhoth o` junbhrh hfhitugk` lg i`osbaogibùo ` gshaurgdbhot` kh lg igotbkgk `neht` kh i`okhog ho lg f`rdg prhvhobkg, boilubkgs lgs hsphibglbkgkhs ho dgthrbg kh Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl, hl euzagk` ` lg Yglg thokrço p`r o` gouoibgk` ` p`r o` prhpgrgk` hl rhiurs` kh suplbigibùo ` kh igsgibùo, shaõo pr`ihkg, y khilgrgrço lg fbrdhzg kh lg rhs`luibùo dhkbgoth gut` i`otrg hl quh p`krç rhiurrbrsh ho quheg goth lg Yglg quh junbhrg khnbk` i`o`ihr khl rhiurs`. Hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg i`oihkhrç g lg pgrth rhiurrhoth, i`o igrçithr prhvb` g quh sh rhsuhlvg s`nrh hl gouoib` ` prhpgrgibùo, uo plgz` kh 8 kägs pgrg lg sunsgogibùo kh l`s khfhit`s gkvhrtbgkvhrtbk`s, sb hl rhiurrhoth junbhrg boiurrbk` ho khfhit`s i`osbsthoths ho5 g) Bosufbibhoibg kh lg i`osbaogibùo ` khl gshaurgdbhot` hfhitugk`s, boilubkgs lgs hsphibglbkgkhs ho dgthrbg kh Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl.  n) Fgltg kh gp`rtgibùo, ho hl d`dhot` khl gouoib` ` prhpgrgibùo khl rhiurs`, kh l`s eustbfbigoths kh lg i`osbaogibùo ` khl gshaurgdbhot`, sbhdprh quh hl rhqubsbt` sh junbhrg iudplbdhotgk` khotr` khl plgz` kh gouoib` ` prhpgrgibùo. i) Khfhit`, `dbsbùo `dbsbùo ` hrr`r ho lg i`ostbtuibùo khl khpùsbt` khpùsbt` ` ho lg eustbfbigibùo k`iudhotgl k`iudhotgl khl dbsd`. k) Fgltg kh girhkbtgibùo ` girhkbtgibùo bosufbibhoth kh lg rhprhshotgibùo ohihsgrbg ` kh iuglqubhr iuglqubhr rhqubsbt` f`rdgl kh igrçithr sunsgognlh ohihsgrb` pgrg hl gouoib` ` prhpgrgibùo. Kh o` hfhitugrsh lg sunsgogibùo ho tbhdp` y f`rdg sh kbitgrç GX[@ p`obhok` fbo gl trçdbth khl rhiurs`, quhkgok` fbrdh lg rhs`luibùo. I`otrg kbij` gut` p`krç rhiurrbrsh ho WXHEG goth lg Yglg quh junbhrg khnbk` i`o`ihr khl rhiurs`. I. O`dnrgdbhot` kh lhtrgk` ` argkugk` s`ibgl i`lhabgk` i`lhabgk` (grt. >97 L^EY) g. Ho hl rhiurs` kh suplbigibùo Yb hl rhiurs` quh sh hotgnlg hs hl kh suplbigibùo, hl o`dnrgdbhot` kh lhtrgk` ` kh argkugk` s`ibgl i`lhabgk` sh hfhitugrç goth hl euzagk` ho hl d`dhot` kh gouoibgr hl rhiurs`, hothokbâok`sh quh gsudh lg rhprhshotgibùo y kbrhiibùo tâiobig khl rhiurrhoth hl dbsd` quh junbhrg gitugk` i`o tgl igrçithr ho lg bostgoibg, sglv` quh sh hfhitõh hxprhsgdhoth ouhvg khsbaogibùo. n. Ho hl rhiurs` kh igsgibùo Ho hl rhiurs` kh igsgibùo `rkbogrb`, hl o`dnrgdbhot` kh lhtrgk` sh rhglbzgrç p`r lgs pgrths goth lg Yglg kh l` Y`ibgl kh pr`ihkhoibg khotr` khl plgz` sh÷glgk` pgrg su prhpgrgibùo ` bdpuaogibùo, shaõo pr`ihkg. Ho hl rhiurs` kh igsgibùo pgrg uobfbigibùo kh k`itrbog, hl o`dnrgdbhot` sh hfhitugrç p`r lg pgrth rhiurrhoth gl prhpgrgrl` goth lg Yglg kh pr`ihkhoibg, y p`r lgs khdçs pgrths goth lg Yglg kh l` Y`ibgl khl [rbnuogl Yuprhd` khotr` khl târdbo` khl hdplgzgdbhot` pgrg su phrs`ogibùo. Yh hothokhrç, ho gdn`s igs`s, quh gsudh lg rhprhshotgibùo khl rhiurrhoth hl dbsd` lhtrgk` quh junbhrg gitugk` i`o tgl igrçithr goth lg Yglg kh bostgoibg ` kh suplbigibùo, sglv` quh sh hfhitõh hxprhsgdhoth ouhvg khsbaogibùo. Lg khsbaogibùo sh p`krç jgihr p`r i`dpgrhihoibg ` p`r hsirbt`. Ho hsth õltbd` igs`, guoquh o` sh gi`dpg÷h p`khr o`tgrbgl, o` jgnrç ohihsbkgk kh rgtbfbigrsh. Yb o` junbhrh khsbaogibùo hxprhsg kh rhprhshotgoth, sh hothokhrç quh hl lhtrgk` ` hl argkugk` s`ibgl i`lhabgk` llhvgo tgdnbâo lg rhprhshotgibùo. Ho t`k` igs` khnhrço fgiblbtgrsh t`k`s l`s kgt`s khl k`dbiblb` pr`fhsb`ogl, gsä i`d` lg kbrhiibùo kh i`rrh` hlhitrùobi`, thlâf`o` y fgx khl pr`fhsb`ogl khsbaogk` quh jgyg kh `sthotgr lg rhprhshotgibùo kh lg pgrth kurgoth hl rhiurs`, i`o lg igrag pr`ihsgl kh dgothohrl`s gituglbzgk`s. 6=6   hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp Lg hvbtgibùo khl pr`ihs`5 I`oiblbgibùo prhvbg y rhilgdgibùo gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg Iugok` hl rhiurrhoth o` jbibhrh khsbaogibùo hxprhsg kh lhtrgk` ` kh argkugk` s`ibgl i`lhabgk`, sb hs uo trgngegk`r, nhohfbibgrb` ` uo hdprhsgrb` quh a`ih khl khrhij` kh gsbsthoibg euräkbig argtubtg, sglv` quh tuvbhrh hfhitugkg prhvbgdhoth khsbaogibùo kh `fbib`, sh lh o`dnrgrç lhtrgk` kh kbij` turo` p`r hl  euzagk` ho hl käg käg sbaubhoth g gquhl ho quh i`oiluyg hl hl plgz` pgrg gouoibgr hl rhiurs` kh suplbigibùo. suplbigibùo. Lg khsbaogibùo kh lhtrgk` kh `fbib` hfhitugkg pgrg glauo` kh l`s lbtbagoths ho lg bostgoibg i`dprhokh l`s trçdbths kh gouoib`, prhpgrgibùo, f`rdglbzgibùo, bothrp`sbibùo ` bdpuaogibùo khl rhsphitbv` rhiurs`, sbo ohihsbkgk kh ouhvg khsbaogibùo kh `fbib`, sglv` ho hl igs` khl rhiurs` kh igsgibùo pgrg uobfbigibùo kh k`itrbog, ho hl quh hl o`dnrgdbhot` kh lhtrgk` kh `fbib` kh lg pgrth rhiurrbkg, ho l`s dbsd`s igs`s, sh hfhitugrç ho hl d`dhot` kh lg phrs`ogibùo goth hl [rbnuogl Yuprhd`. Ho lg igsgibùo `rkbogrbg, ho su igs`, sh hfhitugrç lg `p`rtuog khsbaogibùo kh lhtrgk` kh `fbib` pgrg lgs gitugib`ohs ulthrb`rhs kh lgs pgrths quh rhsultho ohihsgrbgs kurgoth lg sustgoibgibùo khl rhiurs` goth kbij` trbnuogl. Iugok` lg i`dphthoibg pgrg hl i`o`ibdbhot` kh l`s rhiurs`s kh suplbigibùo ` kh igsgibùo i`rrhsp`okg g uo ùrago` eurbskbiib`ogl iuyg shkh sh hoiuhotrh ho lg dbsdg l`iglbkgk quh hl euzagk` ` trbnuogl quh junbhrh kbitgk` lg rhs`luibùo bdpuaogkg o` shrç prhibs` hl o`dnrgdbhot` kh ouhv` gn`agk` kh `fbib` pgrg lgs gitugib`ohs goth hl trbnuogl quh khng khibkbr hl rhiurs`. K. Khsbaogibùo kh lhtrgk` kh `fbib` (grt. >9> L^EY) L^EY) Yb hl lhtrgk` junbhrg sbk` khsbaogk` kh `fbib` p`r 7ª vhz pgrg hl i`rrhsp`okbhoth trçdbth khl rhiurs`, l`s plgz`s kh bothrp`sbibùo, f`rdglbzgibùo ` bdpuaogibùo hdphzgrço g i`rrhr khskh lg fhijg ho quh sh lh o`tbfbquh quh hstço l`s gut`s g su kbsp`sbibùo ho lg `fbibog eukbibgl khl trbnuogl pgrg su hxgdho, puhstg g kbsp`sbibùo ` hotrhag, shaõo pr`ihkg. Ho hl igs` kh quh lg Yglg kbsp`oag kh l`s gut`s ho s`p`rth hlhitrùobi` ` puhkg giihkhrsh g hll`s p`r dhkb`s thlhdçtbi`s ho lg dbsdg Yglg, sh hothokhrço puhst`s g kbsp`sbibùo kh lg rhprhshotgibùo pr`ihsgl khskh hl d`dhot` kh lg hotrhag kh lg i`pbg ` s`p`rth ` kh lg puhstg g kbsp`sbibùo p`r kbij`s dhkb`s kh lgs gitugib`ohs. Yb hl lhtrgk` khsbaogk` kh `fbib` hstbdgsh bovbgnlh lg prhthosbùo, l` hxp`okrç g lg Yglg p`r hsirbt` sbo rgz`ogr su `pbobùo ho hl plgz` kh 8 kägs, sbo phreubib` kh quh gquhl pr`ihkg i`of`rdh gl pr`ihkbdbh pr`ihkbdbhot` ot` prhvbst` ho l`s grts. 9> g 98 kh lg Lhy 7/7226, kh 7= kh hohr`, kh Gsbsthoibg Euräkbig Argtubtg (pgrg tglhs igs`s). Hl iùdput` khl plgz` pgrg lg bothrp`sbibùo khl rhiurs` quhkgrç susphokbk` jgstg tgot` sh rhsuhlvg dgthrbgldhoth lg vbgnblbkgk kh lg prhthosbùo p`r lg I`dbsbùo kh Gsbsthoibg Euräkbig Argtubtg. Lg pgrth i`duobigrç lg khsbaogibùo kh gn`agk` gl euzagk` ` g lg Yglg khotr` khl plgz` kh 8 kägs, gi`rkgok` hst`s lg puhstg g kbsp`sbibù kbsp`sbibùoo kh l`s gut`s gl khsbaogk`. Ho `tr` igs`, sh p`okrç fbo gl trçdbth khl rhiurs`. Yb hl rhiurs` quh sh hotgnlg hs hl kh suplbigibùo, lg pgrth tgdnbâo p`krç vglhrsh pgrg su rhprhshotgibùo tâiobig kh argkugk` s`ibgl i`lhabgk` kh su lbnrh khsbaogibùo. Yb hl lhtrgk` ` lhtrgk`s khsbaogk`s kh `fbib` o` hfhitugrgo khotr` khl plgz` goths bokbigk` dgobfhstgibùo kh shr bdpr`ihkhoth lg gitugibùo kh rhfhrhoibg, quhkgrço `nlbagk`s g su rhglbzgibùo ho hl plgz` lhagldhoth hstgnlhibk`. H. Gkdbsbùo kh k`iudhot`s k`iudhot`s ouhv`s (grt. >99 L^EY) Lg Yglg o` gkdbtbrç g lgs pgrths k`iudhot` glauo` ob glhagib`ohs kh jhij`s quh o` rhsultho kh l`s gut`s. O` `nstgoth, sb glauog kh lgs pgrths prhshotgrg glauog shothoibg ` rhs`luibùo eukbibgl ` gkdbobstrgtbvg fbrdhs ` k`iudhot`s khibsbv`s pgrg lg rhs`luibùo khl rhiurs` quh o` junbhrg p`kbk` gp`rtgr gothrb`rdhoth gl pr`ihs` p`r igusgs quh o` lh fuhrgo bdputgnlhs, y ho ahohrgl iugok` ho t`k` igs` pukbhrg kgrsh luagr g p`sthrb`r rhiurs` kh rhvbsbùo p`r tgl d`tbv` ` fuhrg ohihsgrb` pgrg hvbtgr lg vulohrgibùo kh uo khrhij` fuokgdhotgl, lg Yglg, `äkg lg pgrth i`otrgrbg khotr` khl plgz` kh 9 kägs, kbsp`okrç ho l`s > kägs sbaubhoths l` quh pr`ihkg, dhkbgoth GX[@ i`otrg hl quh O@ ignrç rhiurs` kh rhp`sbibùo, i`o hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp 6=1 ]r`ihkbdbhot`s Eukbibglhs. H) ]r`ihkbdbhot` I`othoib`s` Gkdbobstrgtbv` y Lgn`rgl. [hdg 66 khv`luibùo ho su igs` g lg pgrth pr`p`ohoth kh kbij`s k`iudhot`s, kh o` gi`rkgrsh su t`dg ho i`osbkhrgibùo. Kh gkdbtbrsh hl k`iudhot`, sh kgrç trgslgk` g lg pgrth pr`p`ohoth pgrg quh, ho hl plgz` kh 8 kägs, i`dplhdhoth su rhiurs` ` su bdpuaogibùo y p`r `tr`s 8 kägs g lg pgrth i`otrgrbg g l`s fbohs i`rrhlgtbv`s. Hl trçdbth bothrrudpbrç hl quh, ho su igs`, giuhrkh lg Yglg s`nrh lg bogkdbsbùo khl pr`pb` rhiurs`. F. Giudulgibùo (grt. >9; L^EY) Lg Yglg gi`rkgrç ho rhs`luibùo d`tbvgkg y sbo ulthrb`r rhiurs`, kh `fbib` ` g bostgoibg kh pgrth, goths khl sh÷glgdbhot` pgrg v`tgibùo y fgll` ` pgrg vbstg, ho su igs`, lg giudulgibùo kh l`s rhiurs`s ho trçdbth ho l`s quh hxbstg bkhotbkgk kh `neht` y kh glauog kh lgs pgrths. O` `nstgoth, p`krç khegrsh sbo hfhit` lg giudulgibùo ho t`k` ` ho pgrth sb sh hvbkhoibgrho p`sthrb`rdhoth igusgs quh eustbfbquho su trgdbtgibùo shpgrgkg. Yh khsbaogrç Dgabstrgk` p`ohoth kh l`s rhiurs`s giudulgk`s gl quh, kh hll`s, junbhrg sbk` prbdhrgdhoth o`dnrgk`, y ho bauglkgk kh fhijgs, gl dçs d`khro`. Ho l`s rhiurs`s s`nrh prhthosb`ohs khrbvgkgs kh uo dbsd` giibkhoth kh trgnge` ` hofhrdhkgk pr`fhsb`pr`fhsb`ogl, iugok` hxbstg dçs kh 7 Yhiibùo, i`o`ihrç kh hll`s lg Yhiibùo quh hstâ i`o`ibhok` khl prbdhr` kh kbij`s rhiurs`s, sbhdprh quh i`osth kbijg ibriuostgoibg kh lgs gitugib`ohs ` sh p`oag kh dgobfbhst` gl [rbnuogl p`r glauog kh lgs pgrths. Lg giudulgibùo pr`kuibrç hl hfhit` kh kbsiutbrsh y rhs`lvhrsh i`oeuotgdhoth t`kgs lgs iuhstb`ohs plgothgkgs. Hl Lhtrgk` kh lg Gkdbobstrgibùo kh Eustbibg vhlgrç p`r hl iudplbdbhot` kh l` gquä kbspuhst`, p`obhok` ho i`o`ibdbhot` khl [rbnuogl l`s rhiurs`s ho l`s quh sh iudplgo kbij`s rhqubsbt`s, g fbo kh quh sh rhsuhlvg s`nrh lg giudulgibùo. A. Bdp`sbibùo kh i`stgs i`stgs y i`ovhob` trgosgiib`ogl trgosgiib`ogl (grt. >98 L^EY) g. ^halg ahohrgl khl vhoibdbhot`. Hxihpib`ohs Lg shothoibg bdp`okrç lgs i`stgs g lg pgrth vhoibkg ho hl rhiurs`, hxihpt` iugok` a`ih khl nhohfbib` kh  eustbibg argtubtg ` iugok` sh trgth kh sbokbigt`s, ` kh fuoib`ogrb`s põnlbi`s ` phrs`ogl hstgtutgrb` quh khngo hehribtgr sus khrhij`s i`d` hdplhgk`s põnlbi`s goth hl `rkho s`ibgl. Lgs i`stgs i`dprhokhrço l`s j`o`rgrb`s khl gn`agk` ` khl argkugk` s`ibgl i`lhabgk` kh lg pgrth i`otrgrbg quh junbhrg gitugk` ho hl rhiurs` ho khfhosg ` ho rhprhshotgibùo tâiobig kh lg pgrth, sbo quh lg gtrbnuibùo ho lgs i`stgs kh kbij`s j`o`rgrb`s puhkgo suphrgr lg igotbkgk kh 7>== hur`s ho rhiurs` kh suplbigibùo y kh 7:== hur`s ho rhiurs` kh igsgibùo. n. ^halg hsphibgl ho igs` kh i`oflbit` i`lhitbv` Lg rhalg ahohrgl khl vhoibdbhot` gothrb`r, o` sh gplbigrç iugok` sh trgth kh pr`ihs` s`nrh i`oflbit` i`lhitbv`, ho hl quh igkg pgrth sh jgrç igra` kh lgs i`stgs igusgkgs g su bostgoibg. Hll` o` `nstgoth, lg Yglg p`krç bdp`ohr hl pga` kh lgs i`stgs g iuglqubhrg kh lgs pgrths quh ho kbij` pr`ihs` ` ho hl rhiurs` junbhrg gitugk` i`o thdhrbkgk ` dglg fh. i. Dultgs Lg Yglg quh rhsuhlvg hl rhiurs` kh suplbigibùo ` igsgibùo ` khilgrh su bogkdbsbnblbkgk, dhkbgoth gut`, p`krç bdp`ohr g lg pgrth rhiurrhoth quh jgyg `nrgk` i`o dglg fh ` thdhrbkgk, gsä i`d` iugok` 6=:   hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp Lg hvbtgibùo khl pr`ihs`5 I`oiblbgibùo prhvbg y rhilgdgibùo gkdbobstrgtbvg prhvbg hotbhokg quh hl rhiurs` sh bothrpus` i`o pr`pùsbt` kblgt`rb`, dultg kh 7:= g 6.=== hur`s, sbo quh ho oboaõo igs` puhkg suphrgr lg iugotäg kh 7/9 khl lbtbab`, kh f`rdg d`tbvgkg y rhsphtgok` hl prboibpb` kh pr`p`rib`oglbkgk, p`okhrgok` lgs ibriuostgoibgs khl jhij`, lg igpgibkgk hi`oùdbig y l`s phreubib`s igusgk`s gl pr`ihs` y g `tr`s bothrvbobhoths ` g thrihr`s (hx. grts. 18.; y 21.9 L^EY). Baugldhoth ho tglhs igs`s, bdp`okrç g kbij` lbtbagoth, hxihpt` iugok` shg trgngegk`r, fuoib`ogrb`, phrs`ogl hstgtutgrb` `  nhohfbibgrb` kh lg Yhaurbkgk Y`ibgl, l`s j`o`rgrb`s kh l`s gn`agk`s y, ho su igs`, kh l`s argkugk`s s`ibglhs i`lhabgk`s gitugoths ho hl rhiurs` khotr` kh l`s lädbths fbegk`s kh5 7>== hur`s ho rhiurs` kh suplbigibùo y kh 7:== hur`s ho rhiurs` kh igsgibùo. Iugok` lg Yglg prhthokg kh `fbib` bdp`ohr lgs gothrb`rhs dhkbkgs, `brç prhvbgdhoth g lgs pgrths phrs`ogkgs ho lg f`rdg quh hstgnlhzig. k. ^âabdho ho igs` kh trgosgiibùo5 Bdpuaogibùo khl giuhrk` trgosgiib`ogl Lgs pgrths p`krço gligozgr, ho iuglqubhr d`dhot` kurgoth lg trgdbtgibùo khl rhiurs`, i`ovhob` trgosgiib`ogl quh, kh o` gprhibgrsh lhsbùo argvh pgrg glauog kh lgs pgrths, frgukh kh lhy ` gnus` kh khrhij`, shrç j`d`l`agk` p`r hl ùrago` eurbskbiib`ogl quh sh hoiuhotrh trgdbtgok` hl rhiurs`, dhkbgoth gut`, p`obhok` gsä fbo gl lbtbab` y gsudbhok` igkg pgrth lgs i`stgs igusgkgs g su bostgoibg, i`o khv`luibùo khl khpùsbt` i`ostbtubk`. Hl i`ovhob` trgosgiib`ogl, uog vhz j`d`l`agk`, sustbtuyh hl i`othobk` kh l` rhsuhlt` ho lg shothoibg ` shothoibgs gothrb`rdhoth kbitgkgs ho hl pr`ihs` y lg rhs`luibùo quh j`d`l`auh hl dbsd` i`ostbtuyh tätul` hehiutbv`. Lg bdpuaogibùo kh lg trgosgiibùo eukbibgl gsä gligozgkg sh hfhitugrç goth hl ùrago` eurbskbiib`ogl quh jgyg gi`rkgk` lg j`d`l`agibùo, dhkbgoth hl hehribib` p`r lgs pgrths kh lg giibùo kh oulbkgk p`r lgs igusgs quh bovglbkgo l`s i`otrgt`s ` p`r l`s p`sbnlhs phreukbigk`s i`o fuokgdhot` ho su blhaglbkgk ` lhsbvbkgk, sbaubhok` l`s trçdbths hstgnlhibk`s pgrg lg bdpuaogibùo kh lg i`oiblbgibùo eukbibgl, sbo quh i`otrg lg shothoibg kbitgkg quhpg rhiurs`. r hiurs`. hkbt`rbgl    }         ihp 6=2