Transcript
CAA & DOS
ETABS & SAP
Lecture No: 01 ETABS stands for “Extended 3D Analysis of building systems” In this software we have to follow the scheme as given below: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Modeling Properties Assigning (like dimensions of beams & columns and type of foundation etc) Loading Design
Notes: • • • • • • • • •
“Wetting” means to cross check the work one’s person. The one who cross checks is called ‘Wetter’. PBC stands for ‘Pakistan Building Codes’ ETAB is quite goog for the concrete structures. Generation of results is very convinent in ETAB ETAB, SAP & STAAD results for the slab case are not satisfactory. While SAFE gives relative better results for Slab design. Wood, Aluminium, concrete etc all materials based buildings can be design on STAAD. STAAD gives more conservative results, as the factor of safties used in STAAD are greater. In ETAB at any stage units can be changed. Results of ETAB for steel Trusses are also satisfactory.
INSERT WINDOW HAVING DIFFERENT VIEWS Click Options – Windows
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ETABS & SAP These arrows buttons are the Move up/down list. These keys will active when the plan view is active. We can shift the boarder line using there arrows, inorder to get the required one image (either Plan view or Elevation) of any floor or side.
Notes: • • •
In order to deselect the slection, Esc will not work. Use the button in the side vertical tool bar. Use button to shift the mode on ‘Snap to Grid intersection & points’ Use button to pick the intersection points other than grid intersections.
MODLEING Select the units at the very first stage.
Step No: 01 a) Click Menu Bar ‘File’ button b) Click New Model Press NO a) Click Grids Only & press OK Step No: 02 b) Edit/Edit Grid Data/Edit Grid c) Select ‘Global’ under the heading of System. d) Click ‘Modify/show system’
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CAA & DOS Step No: 03 a) b) c) d)
Select ‘Ordinate or Spacing’ Type spacing values for X & Y Grids Check (Primary, show, top, color etc) Click OK and then agin press OK
Step No: 04 a) b) c) d) e)
If needed: Edit/Edit StoryData/Insert Story Edit/Edit StoryData/Edit Story Rename ‘Label’ acc. to ur choice Modify Heights (as per requirements) Press OK
Step No: 05 a) In vertical side tool bar, select ‘Draw Line’ tool b) Draw beams and columns as per requirements *Beams are placed in Plan view and Columns are placed in Elevation View. *Select ‘All Stories’ as mentioned below:
Step No: 06 a) For Render View - Click ‘set building view option’ button. b) Check the ‘Extrusion’ under spwcial effects. Step No: 07 (GL-VIEW) a) Select the 3D view window b) View/Create openGL-view
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ETABS & SAP
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ETABS & SAP
Lecture No: 02 Notes: •
Modeling of lift case & retaining wall is necessary.
•
Thumb Rule for the slab thickness: Slab thickness =
• • •
Or divide the Slab perimeter by ‘15’ to get answer in Inches. Mostly it happens when beam fails, column also fails. -ive moment of the beam is resisted by column.
We have to increase the colmn’s no. or dimension, whenever the span changes (increases) Steel in column is usually 1 – 3% of the cross sectional area of column. ACI – gives provisions for the static loadings. UBC & IBC – for dynamic loadings. (UBC = Universal building codes) In ETABs distances are measured from C/C.
• • • •
If fc’ is given in kips-in, check it out in which units u r working. If in kips-ft u r working then convert fc’ in kips-ft as: let, 4 x 144 = 576 kips-ft In case of concrete – stresses at all points are taken same – isotropic If you know the name of ur slab type, then u can select all the slab pannels at atime. The optin is in one of the tabs in menu bar. When & where, there are calculations – Engineering is needed.
PROPERTIES ASSIGNING Step No: 01
Draw Slab
a) “Draw Area” toolbar *havig three typres: Irregular, Square/Rectangular & Create area at click Step No: 02 a) b) c) d)
Assign support conditions to columns and beams
Select Plan View – Select Base Plan Select point with the help of window (one story must – i.e., base) Click Assign/joint-points/Restraints(supports) Select support type (like fix)
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e) Press OK Step No: 03
Define Properties
a) Click Define/Materials b) Select CONC/Modify/Type fc’ and fy (keep eye on units) c) Press OK Step No: 04 a) Click Define/Frame section b) Select rectangular or circular (as per need) from drop down of “ add/wide flange” c) Select material
d) Type selection name (like beam) and Type dimension according to units e) Select Reinforcement f) Check beam-column/shape/ckeck-reinforcement to be designed Step No: 05
Define Slab section properties
a) Click Define/Wall-slab-deck section *Either modify the SLAB1 or insert ur own new one b) Add new Slab c) Define the type, thickness and material
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Step No: 06
ETABS & SAP
Assigning Properties
a) Select Beam/Column b) Click Assign/Frame-line/Frame section/Color beam Step No: 07 a) Select all Slab (all pannels) b) Click Assign/Shell Area/wall-slab-deck section
Lecture No: 03 Analysis & Design Notes: • •
While transfering the Autocad (Grids) file into ETABS, be sure that all grids must be in single layer and only grids’ layer will be active at that time. Save As – file in .dxf format
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Wt. per unit volume = 150 lb/cft Wt. per unit mass = 4 * w = mg and if g = 32 Since
then
m = 150/32 = 4.6875
Ec = 57000 ′ (where fc’ in psi)
Note: If you have fc’ value other than 4000 psi then by manually put that value.
Poisson’s Ratio ranges from 0.2- 0.5 Shear Modulus =
• •
Membrane – Whole slab thickness Bending – Effective depth
For slab case put same values in membrane and Bending. •
Shear Reduction Factor in light weight concrete is 1.
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In heavy concrete structures “iron chips” is used now a days. UBC – chapter 16 is about ‘Seismic Details’ LOAD CASE: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
D.L L.L R.L.L Seismic load in x-direction Seismic load in y-direction
Weight: ½” Plaster = 3” Mud =
"
1-½” Tites =
.
× 120 = 5
× 120 = 30 .
× 110 = 13.7
__________________ = 50 lb/sft * Select the soil type on the basis of SPT-value, using UBC. Also the Seismic Zone Factor is also provided by the UBC against different zones. Step No: 01. Define Load Case a) b) c) d) e)
Define/Static load case Type load name (let DL, LL, RLL, SEISMIC-in x & y direction etc) Select “Type” (Dead, Live, Quake etc) according to your condition. Set Wt. multiplier (For Dead 1 and for Live 0) Click Add New Load & press OK (In case of seismic loading also set the UBC 97)
Step No: 02 Modify Lateral Load (Seismic in X & Y direction) a) Define/static load case/Modify lateral load/select direction - select soil type - select zone & press OK
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Step No: 03 Loading Values Let
D.L = 50 lb/sft
L.L = 60 lb/sft
R.L.L = 20 lb/sft
Wall load = 1 k/ft (over all beams) Step No: 04 a) Select all slabs – Assign/(Shell/area load)/uniform b) Select Dead or Live – Type value – check Gravity & Replace Existing Loads
Step No: 05 a) Select Beams – Assign/Frame line load/ Point OR UDL (whatever u need)
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Step No: 06
ETABS & SAP
Add Default design combinations
b) Define/Add default combination c) Check – concrete frame design
Step No: 07
Analysis & Design
a) Analyze/Set analyses option/Full-3D and OK b) Analyze/Run Analysis or Press F5 c) Click Design/concrete frame design/start design * By default after design you will get “Longitudinal reinforcement”. You can get % ratio etc. Follow the steps: i. ii.
Design/concrete frame design/display design information Choose your required information type
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•
To end the analysis press
•
Select any member and press right click on it details will come out and click summary.
button
How to change code?
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CAA & DOS Lecture No: 04
ETABS & SAP LOAD CALCULATION
Notes: • • •
Show selection only – Select only particular beam in elevation view and then go: View/show selection only and then turn elevation view into 3D view. In footing design we do not use factored load – we use service loads. In commercial structures slab thickness may vary from place to place.
Step No: 01
Add new combination
a) Define/Load Combinations/Add new combo…/Type load combination name b) Type Case name (Dead, Live etc)/Type scale factor and then press ADD. Now press OK
Service combination: 1DL + 1LL + 1RLL Factored Combination: 1.2DL + 1.6LL + 1.6RLL
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To Check the Errors in the model: Analysis/Check model Show Deformed & Un-deformed shape: Display/show deform shape – (against specific load case i.e Dead or Live etc) Application of Point Load: a) b) c) d)
Assign/(Joint/point load)/Force Select load case and type value of load with +ive or –ive sign as per condition. Addition of self made design combination Design/Concrete frame design/Select design combination.
Be sure under ‘Design Combos’ only that combination will be there on which you need the design. So using the Add-> AND <-Remove buttons set the SERV on the right side and all other on the lift side. Press OK Display/Show tables/check “Reactions”/Show modify case – select service (SERV Combo) load Note: To show the point labels in the Plan View, click the button ‘Set building view options’ and check “Point Labels”
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CAA & DOS Manual Calculation Page
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Lecture No: 05 DESIGN OF CONTINUOUS/SIMPLE BEAM Dead Load = 20 psf
Live load = 20 psf
Slab thickness = 6”
Beam size = 12” x 12”
Column size = 12” x 12”
Density = 150 lbs/cft
fc'= 4 ksi
fy = 60 ksi
Design of B1. Manual Calculation:
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Design Combination: 1.0DL + 1.0LL
CAA & DOS
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MESHING (To transfer the load from beams to columns) a) b) c) d)
Assign/(Shell/Area)/Area object mesh options. Check “Auto mesh object into structural elements”. Put value of mesh dimension 1’ Set Building view option/check – Auto Area Mesh.
DIAPHRAGM (Assign for lateral loading) a) Select all slabs b) Assign/Shell Area/Diaphragms * Now software will take the slab/slabs as a single rigid unit that will provide resistance against lateral loading. SHEAR WALL Draw wall – using elevation view and mesh it. At each intersection point of mesh an bottom, fix the shear wall.
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CAA & DOS Lecture No: 06 Notes: #4 and #5 bars are not welcomed to provide in the columns. In brick masonry construction, #4 bars could be used in columns. MIRROR (a). Copy/cut/paste I. II. III.
Select the object (to be mirrored) Edit/Replicate/click ‘Mirror’ Define Co-ordinates (X1,Y1) & (X2,Y2) and press OK
Example:
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(b). Story I.
Select object in Plan or Elevation/ Click Edit/ Select story and press OK
TO DRAW CIRCULAR SLAB/BEAM (a). Slab I. II. III. IV.
Draw beam or line and select it. Edit/Extrude line to beam/Radial Define center under ‘rotate about point’ Under ‘Increment Data’ put values and put Total Drop = 0. And press OK
(b). Beam I. II. III. IV.
Select Point (if no selection, first draw beam/line then select point) Edit/Extrude point to line/Radial Define center under ‘rotate about point’ Under ‘Increment Data’ put values and put Total Drop = 0. And press OK
REFRENCE POINT I. II.
Draw/Draw reference point Define x & Y co-ordinates (with reference to 0,0) OR put x =0 and Y = 0 and now place the ref. point manually.
* Right click on the ref. point and delete it, if you can.
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Column Rotation about Axis Steps: a) Select column b) Assign/Frame Line/Local Axis c) Type angle’s value which is required.
SAP - STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS PROGRAM Lecture 07 Notes: • • • •
Linear and non-linear both type of analysis are possible in SAP. Precast slab doesn’t transfer the moments. Shell – no shear failure and moment transfer. SPD – Wetter for the Army Projects
Opening of ‘New Model’ a) File/new model OR press Ctrl + N, a dialog box will appear.
*Modeling and properties assigning is same as in ETABS.
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Lateral Load (Earthquake & wind load) • • •
•
Min 10 m above the G.L – wind speed is required for designing building. Fastest wind speed km/hr – having probability to occur is 0.02 UBC 97 wind load: o Normal force method o Projected area Normal force method is mostly applicable for almost all type of structures and but only method for the gabled structures. Not applicable for 60 m high buildings.
Calculations: P = qsACDIW Where Iw is the importance factor
(From table 16-K)
qs = Wind stagnation pressure (0.5ρV2) (From table 16-F) Cd = Drag co-efficient = Ce × Cq And Ce = Combined height, exposure and gust factor co-efficient. Cq = pressure co-efficient
(from table 16-G)
(from table 16-H)
EXAMPLE: Determine the wind force for an office building in down town area with exposure type B? Wind speed = 160 km/hr Bay length = 5 m Bay width = 7.5 m Height = 6 @ 3.4 m from G.L
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ETABS & SAP
Solution: P = QsACDIW
------------------- (1)
Using table of UBC we get IW = 1.0 Qs = 160 km/hr OR
% .%
M/hr = 100 M/hr
(1.6 factor comes from table 16-F)
Therefore; Qs = 25.6 against 100 M/hr
(table 16-F)
Cd = Ce × Cq Ce, since it varies with height, so make a table as shown below: H
IW
Qs
Ce
Cq
P
(windward side)
0 – 15 1 25.6 0.62 0.8 12.6 15 – 20 1 25.6 0.67 0.8 13.7 20 – 25 1 25.6 0.72 0.8 14.7 WIND 25 – 30 1 25.6 0.76 0.8 15.5 30 – 40 1 25.6 0.84 0.8 40 – 60 1 25.6 0.95 0.8 60 – 80 1 25.6 1.04 0.8 Leeward Side 66 1 25.6 1.04* -0.5 Roof 66 1 25.6 1.04 0.7 * For leeward side the value of Ce will be that of the highest value in Ce for windward side (i.e 1.04 in this case) In ETABS and SAP: a) Define/Load Case b) Add ‘wind’ / Type wind / under lateral load select UBC 97 c) Modify lateral load/define ‘wind speed, exposure type, importance factor etc’ and see if there would any more modifications are required. Notes: • •
•
ETABS doesn’t calculate the result for wind if diaphragm is not applied. First do your wind pressure calculations manually (as mentioned above) then assign it to the modeled walls Check “Exposure from area”
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ETABS & SAP
Lecture No: 09 Design of a Steel truss bridge using SAP 2000. Data:
Width of bridge = 12’ Total length of span = 60 ft Slab is concrete Deck. Note:
& '( )* +
ratio 0 – 1.
& '( )* +
ratio should be towards 1.
Step 01: Click File/New model/Grid only – press OK Type x = 10’, y = 1’ z= 1’ – OK (See units – if it’s in inches then put values in inches) Step 02: Define/(frame/cables)/import double angle/add new property. Select _ Section8.pro and click open –Select all 2L-section (with help of shift key) Click OK – OK Step 03: Add auto select /Add new property/again select all 2L-section/click add – OK –OK Step 04: Click Draw/(Frame/cables)/Select – Auto under property. (a)
Draw long chords & Trans members.
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CAA & DOS (b) (c) (d)
Select long chords – select points Assign/Frames/Automatic frame mesh.. Select auto subdivide and select options shown below.
Step 05: a) Select all members b) Edit/Replicate/Linear Replicate c) Type x = 72, y = 0, z = 144
d) Select long chords and member.
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e) Edit/Edit lines/(Trim/extend) lines f) Draw inclined members using elevation – select all inclined members g) Edit/Replicate – Linear /Type x = 0, y = 144, z = 0
Step 06: a) Define/Section properties/area section/Add new section b) Type slab name let ‘Deck’ [Note: DECK SLAB = Length much more than width] c) Type shell & thickness – membrane = 6” Bending = 6” NOTE: Assign/Clear display of assigns (To clear the assign properties like beam & column names and load values etc) d) Draw Slab using ‘Draw Quad Area’ – Select points:
e) Select slab & all Trans members using button shown: f) Edit/Mesh Area/select mesh using selected joints on edges. Support Assigning Select point B and D Assign/joints/restraints/Make it roller Similarly, make point A and C hinge NOTE: We can draw single big slab & then by divide command it will be automatically converted into panels.
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