Transcript
COLLEGE OF NURSING Fluids & Electrolytes #1
1.
The average daily urine output in an adult is: A. 0.5 L B. 1.0 L C. 1.5 L D. 2.5 L
2. A febrile patient’s fluid output is in excess of normal because of diaphoresis. The nurse should plan fluid replacement based on the knowledge that insensible losses in an afebrile person are normally not greater than: A. 300 mL/ 24 h B. 600 mL/ 24 h C. 900 mL/ 24 h D. 1200 mL/ 24 h 3. A person’s serum sodium concentration is is within normal range. The nurse estimates that the serum osmolality should be: A. Less than 136 mOsm/kg B. 275 to 300 mOsm/kg C. Greater than 408 mOsm/kg D. 350 to 344 mOsm/kg 4.
The nurse expects that a decrease in serum osmolality would occur with: A. Diabetes insipidus B. Hyperglycemia C. Renal failure D. Uremia
5. A nurse can estimate estimate that a patient has a serum osmolality of ___________ if the patient’s serum sodium is 140 mEq/L A. 70 mOsm/kg B. 140 mOsm/kg C. 210 mOsm/kg D. 280 mOsm/kg 6. The nurse notes that a patient’s urine osmolality is 90 mOsm/kg. The nurse knows to assess for the possible cause of: A. Acidosis B. Fluid volume excess C. Diabetes insipidus D. Hyponatremia 7.
One of the best indicators of the renal function is: A. Blood urea nitrogen B. Serum creatinine C. Specific gravity D. Urine osmolality
A man with Diabetes Mellitus is rushed to the ER due to elevated temp, flushed skin, rapid and thready pulse. 8. Laboratory result indicates elevated hematocrit level. The nurse suspects that the patient may be suffering:
A. B. C. D.
Fluid volume deficit Fluid volume excess Normal None of the above
9. All of the ff assessment parameters are significant for monitoring the patient’s consition, consition, EXCEPT: A. I & O C. Level of consciousness B. Weight D. skin color 10. I & O monitoring is important. Normal urine out per hour is: A. 20mL C. 40mL B. 30mL D. 50mL 11. The nurse expects that the patient’s urine output is: A. Decreased C. normal B. Increased D. none of the above 12. A. B. C. D.
Important health teaching for the patient includes: Limit water intake Exercise everyday Sun exposure is necessary Increase water intake
13. All of the ff are involved in the regulation regulation of fluid balance in the body, EXCEPT: A. Renin-angiotensin C. ADH B. Thirst reflex D. hunger reflex 14. All of the ff are classified as fluid fluid sensible loss, EXCEPT: A. Vomitus C. sweat B. Urine D. water vapor 15. All of the ff are classified as hypertonic hypertonic solution, EXCEPT: A. D5LR C. D5Water B. D5NSS D. D10water 16. All of the ff are classified as hypotonic hypotonic solution, EXCEPT: A. D5water C. 30%NSS B. D5 NSS D.45% NSS 17. All of the ff are classified as isotonic isotonic solution, EXCEPT: A. Blood C. LR B. Albumin plasma D. PNSS
Water is the most abundant compound found inside the human body. It accounts to about 2/3 of body weight and plays important roles to sustain life. 18. All of the following are properties that make water vital EXCEPT:
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A. B. C. D.
Serves as protective function Serves as an important reactant Absorb & release large amount of heat Inhibits chemical reaction to occur.
19. When solute particles are exceedingly minute mixed with water, the resulting mixture is classified as: A. Solvent c. suspension B. Solution d. Specific heat capacity
29. The nurse monitoring a trauma patient who has a crushing leg wound should be alert for signs of: A. Tachycardia c. Hypercalcemia B. Hypernatremia d. Hyperkalemia 30. When monitoring fluid and electrolytes the nurse should realize that the major cation regulating extracellular osmolality is: A. Sodium c. Calcium B. Potassium d. Magnesium
20. When solute particles are fairly large when mixed with water, the resulting mixture is classified as: A. Solvent c. suspension B. Solution d. Specific heat capacity
i. ii.
21. Water provides cushioning effects to important organs in the body in the form of : Cerebrospinal fluid iii. Gastric juice Amniotic fluid iv. Urine A. i, ii B. ii, iii
i. ii.
c. i, ii, iii, iv d. iii, iv
22. Water mixed with specialized molecules provide lubrication for organs in the body in the form of: mucus iii. Synovial fluid serous fluid iv. Electrolytes A. i, ii, iii c. i, ii, iii, iv B. ii, iv d. ii, iii, iv
Compounds are determined by the presence or absence of carbon and classified as organic and inorganic. 23. All of the following are classified as organic compounds EXCEPT: A. Carbohydrates C. Electrolytes B. Protein D. Lipids 24. The following contains carbon and substantial amount of nitrogen EXCEPT: A. Protein C. lipids B. Nucleic acid D. amino acid 25. All of the following are Carbohydrates EXCEPT: A. Glucose c. sugarcane B. Starch d. enzymes 26. All of the following are Lipids EXCEPT: A. Hormones c. steroid B. Triglycerides d. cholesterol 27. All of the following are Proteins EXCEPT: A. Antibodies c. hemoglobin B. Steroid d. enzymes 28. A patient is hemorrhaging from multiple trauma sites. The nurse expects that compensatory mechanisms associated with hypovolemia would cause all of the ff symptoms except: A. Hypertension C. Tachycardia B. Oliguria D. Tachypnea
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