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PAES 421:20091PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARDSFarm to Market Roads (Earth, Gravel, Bituminous, Concrete)ForewordThe pursuance of this standard was initiated by the National Agricultural andFishery Council (NAFC) through the Agriculture and Fisheries MechanizationCommittee (AFMeC).This standard has been technically prepared in accordance with BPS DirectivesPart 3:2003 – Rules for Structure and Drafting International Standards.The word “shall” is used to indicate mandatory requirements to conform to thestandard.The term “should” is used to indicate that among several possibilities one isrecommended as particularly suitable without mentioning or excluding others.The word “road carriageway” shall be used to indicate a portion of a roadwayintended for the use of vehicles except the shoulder. However, words such as“traffic lanes” and “traveled way” indicate the same meaning stated for roadwaycarriage.In the preparation of this standard, the following documents/publications wereconsidered;Agrarian Reform Infrastructure Support Project Phase II (ARISP-II) ImplementationManual on Farm-to-Market Roads Development (DAR-ARISP, Volume IV), July2002Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) Standard Specifications forHighways, Bridges and Airports, Volume II, 1995 and 2004 versions.ISO : USAF Landscape Design 18:5 Erosion Control MeasuresISO : DelDOT Road Design Manual : Cross- Section elements : 2004ISO : ARRB Transport Research : Environmental Best Practices – Outback RoadsISO : Nashua, New Hampshire Board of Public Works: Standard Specifications forRoad Construction: June 1986ISO : US Department of Transportation- Report No. FWA-LT- 01-002: Dust Controlon low Volume Roads: May 2001ISO : Thorndike, Maine: Thorndike, Maine road OrdinanceISO : TxDOT GlossaryISO : NCDFR – Access Road Construction : Design Guidelines PAES 421:20092 1. Scope This standard specifies the minimum requirements for the design and constructionof one-lane and two lane earth, gravel, bituminous and concrete farm-to-marketroads for use in the preparation of program of works. It includes related structuressuch as drainage (roadside ditch and culvert), slope protection and erosion control. 2. References The following normative documents contain provisions through which reference inthis text constitute provisions of this National Standard:Agrarian Reform Infrastructure Project Phase II (ARISP-II); Implementation Manualon Farm-to-Market Roads Development, Volume IVInfrastructure for Rural Productivity Enhancement Sector (INFRES) ProjectNational Irrigation Administration (NIA) FMR ProjectDepartment of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), Standard Specifications forHighways, Bridges, and Airports, Volume II, 2004.ISO : USAF Landscape Design 18:5 Erosion Control MeasuresISO : DelDOT Road Design Manual : Cross- Section elements : 2004ISO : ARRB Transport Research : Environmental Best Practices – Outback RoadsISO : Nashua, New Hampshire Board of Public Works: Standard Specifications forRoad Construction: June 1986ISO : US Department of Transportation- Report No. FWA-LT- 01-002: Dust Controlon low Volume Roads: May 2001ISO : Thorndike, Maine: Thorndike, Maine Road OrdinanceISO : TxDOT GlossaryISO : NCDFR – Access Road Construction : Design Guidelines 3. General Objective: This standard aims to formulate minimum requirements for the design andconstruction of Earth, Gravel, Bituminous and Concrete Farm-to-Market Roads. 3.1 Specifically, this standard aims to:3.1.1 Formulate minimum requirements on the design and construction of one-lane or two-lane road which is composed of road carriageway and road shoulder; PAES 421:20093 3.1.2 Formulate minimum requirements for drainage structures (ditches). 4. Definition of Terms For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply: 4.1 aggregates granular material of mineral composition such as sand, gravel, shell, crushed anduncrushed stone or light weight materials 4.2 backfill the suitable material used to replace other materials removed during construction 4.3 base course the layer of aggregate, soil-treated aggregate, treated soil, or soil aggregate thatrests upon the Subbase or if no Subbase, upon the sub-grade. Treatment mayinclude application of chemical-based soil additives such as soil-stabilizers and/orany approved method 4.4 borrow the suitable material used for embankments 4.5 bridge structure, including supports, erected over a depression or an obstruction, such aswater, a highway, or a railway; having a roadway or track for carrying traffic orother moving loads; and having an opening measured along the center of theroadway between faces of abutments, spring lines of arches, or extreme ends ofthe opening for multiple box culverts or multiple pipes that are 60 inches or more indiameter and that have a clear distance between openings of not less than half ofthe smallest pipe diameter 4.6 clearing removal and disposal of trees, vegetation or other unwanted materials from theground surface 4.7 compaction application of pressure to aggregates to result in a dense mass free of excessivevoids. Compaction minimizes settlement, decreases permeability and increasesstrength 4.8 course structural component of specified thickness. It may consist of one layer or more 4.9 culvert drainage structure that may or may not, directly support and that extends acrossand beneath a highway street, driveway, alley, arterial, or other public way PAES 421:20094 4.10 crushed gravel product resulting from the mechanical crushing of gravel, with substantially allfragments having at least one face resulting from fracture 4.11 drainage removal of water from the road area by the use of culverts, ditches, channels andother several structures 4.12 earthwork operations connected with excavating and placing embankments with soil, earth orrock 4.13 erosion control protection of soil from disclosing by water, wind, or other agent 4.14 excavation act of cutting, digging, or scooping to remove material. 4.15 field density test determination of the degree of compactness of the soil 4.16 fill the embankment material placed above natural ground line 4.17 farm to market roads access roads that connect major road arteries to the agricultural production areaswhere farm produce are being mobilized and transported to the market by thefarmers and fishermen 4.18 grade slope of a roadway, channel, or natural ground 4.19 gradation property of a soil which describes the distribution of size groups 4.20 gradient rate of increase or decrease in the level of the land, the slope expressed inpercentage 4.21 grading preparation of the sub-grade, in line and elevation, for application of pavementmaterials including base and surfacing materials 4.22 grubbing removal and disposal of trees, and other unwanted materials below the groundsurface
