Gb - T228 - 2002 Tensile Testing Of Metallic Materials

Transcript

ICS 77.040.10 H22 The National Standard of People’s Republi of China !"#T 22$%2002 e&' IS( )$*2+1**$ ,etalli -aterialsTensile -aterialsTensile testin/ at a-bient te-perature Issued on 03-10-2002 Implemented on 01-07-2002 Issued b State ualit Super'ision and Inspetion  uarantine "ureau of P.R.C 1 !"#T 22$%2002 Contents 3oreord IS( 3oreord 1. Sope 2. Referened Standards 6. Priniple 4. efinitions 5. S-bols and desriptions ). Test piees 7. eter-ination of ori/inal ross%setional area 8S o9 $. ,ar:in/ of ori/inal /au/e len/th 8; o9 *. Preision of test e&uip-ents 10. Test re&uire-ents 11. eter-inations of perenta/e elon/ation after frature 8<9 and perenta/e total elon/ation at frature 8 non%proportional e=tension 8R  p p9 1). eter-ination of proof stren/th> total e=tension 8R t9 17. ?erifiation -ethod of per-anent set stren/th 8R r r9  1$. eter-ination of tensile stren/th 8R -9 1*. eter-ination of perenta/e redution of area 8@9 20. Nu-erial roundin/%off of the result of propert deter-ination 21. The aura of the result of propert deter-ination 22. Test result proessin/ 26. Test report non%proportional e=tension 8R  p p9 1). eter-ination of proof stren/th> total e=tension 8R t9 17. ?erifiation -ethod of per-anent set stren/th 8R r r9  1$. eter-ination of tensile stren/th 8R -9 1*. eter-ination of perenta/e redution of area 8@9 20. Nu-erial roundin/%off of the result of propert deter-ination 21. The aura of the result of propert deter-ination 22. Test result proessin/ 26. Test report but  partial tehnial ontent of this standard is -ore detailed and the editin/ struture is also different. "esides> the re&uire-ent of nu-erial roundin/%off of the result of propert deter-ination and test result  proessin/ to hapters are supple-ented in the standard. ,eanhile> the tpe of test piee is added> appendi= 3 8su//esti'e appendi=9the alulatin/ hart for alulatin/ the ori/inal /au/e len/th of retan/ular ross%setion test piee and the referenes of appendi= ; 8su//esti'e appendi=9 are anelled> appendi= H 8su//esti'e appendi=9,ethod of suessi'e appro=i-ations for testin/ proof stren/th> non%  proportional e=tension 8R  p9 and !"#T 607)%1*$2 A ,etalli sheet 8strip9Tensile testin/B and !"#T )6*7%1*$) ATest  piee of -etalli tensile testB. In o-parison ith ori/inal standard> the folloin/ tehnial ontents are -odified and supple-ented+  Referened Standards  efinitions and s-bols  Test piees  Test re&uire-ents  ,ethod for deter-inin/ properties  Nu-erial roundin/%off of the result of propert deter-ination  esription of the aura of the result of propert propert deter-ination Sine the date of i-ple-entation of this standard> the old standard !"#T 22$%1*$7 A,etalli -aterials  Tensile testin/B> !"#T 607)%1*$2 A ,etalli sheet 8strip9Tensile testin/B and !"#T )6*7%1*$) ATest  piee of -etalli tensile testB ha'e been replaed. The Finan Shiin !roup Co. ;td.> "aoshan Iron  Steel Corporation and Infor-ation Standardiation Researh Institute of ,etallur/ial Industr. The standard drafts-en are ;ian/ Jinban/> ;i Fiulin> Tao ;inin/> ;i Hepin/  !ao @henin/. The standard standard as issued for the first ti-e in ee-ber of 1*)6> the first re%editio re%editionn as in Septe-ber of 1*7) and the seond re%edition as in 3ebruar of 1*$7. 4 !"#T 22$%2002 ISO Foreword IS( 8International Standardiation (r/aniation9 is a uni'ersal union onsistin/ of the standardiation or/aniation of eah ountr 8IS( -e-ber9 in the orld. !enerall> the international standard is drafted out b of the tehnial o--ittee of IS(. Dah IS( -e-ber is entitled to oin this o--ittee if it is interested in the proet hih has been santioned b a tehnial o--ittee. The international or/aniation 8both /o'ern-ental as ell as non%/o'ern-ental9 ha'in/ relation ith IS( -a also oin the  proet. IS( has 'er lose ooperation ith International Dletriian Co--ittee 8IDC9 in aspet of eletrotehnial standardiation. The draft of international standard appro'ed b tehnial o--ittee is sent to the relati'e IS( -e-bers to 'ote and it an be issued offiiall onl after bein/ appro'ed b 75E or abo'e 'oters out of all. IS( )$*2 is instituted b SC1 ,onoa=ial Testin/ Subo--ittee of IS(#TC1)4 Tehnial Co--ittee of ,etalli ,ehanial Testin/. The first edition 8IS( )$*2+1*$49 is replaed b the seond edition. The definition> s-bol  desription> test piee  -easure-ent of its di-ensions> test e&uip-ent> test re&uire-ent> deter-ination of propert> nu-erial roundin/%off of the result of propert deter-ination and test report of ,etalli -aterialsTensile testin/ at a-bient te-perature. The standard is appliable for deter-inin/ the tensile propert of -etalli -aterials at a-bient te-perature. Hoe'er> ne/otiation is re&uired for the tensile test of -etalli produts ha'in/ s-all ross% setional di-ension> suh as -etalli foil> super fine ire> apillar tube and so on. 2# T%e re&eren$ed st'nd'rds The ontents ontained b the folloin/ standards beo-e the nor-al ontents of this standard throu/h itation. so> the users ho use this standard should tr to use the latest editions of the folloin/ standards. !"#T 2*75%1**$ Steel  steel produtsSa-plin/ loation  test piee preparation for -ehanial testin/ 8e&' IS( 677+1**79 !"#T Priniple of nu-erial roundin/%off  !"#T Calibration of e=tenso-eter for -onoa=ial test 8idt IS( *516+1***9 !"#T Inspetion of tension tester 8idt IS( 7500%1+1*$)9 !"#T Con'ersion of steel elon/ationthe first setion+ arbon steel and lo%all steel 8e&' IS( 25))% 1+1*$49 !"#T Con'ersion of steel elon/ationthe seond setion+ austenite steel 8e&' IS( 25))%1+1*$49 3# (r)n$)ple In the test> the test piee is tensioned b tensile fore to frature and the one or -ore than one -ehanial  properties in hapter 4 are tested. The test is i-ple-ented at a-bient te-perature 810%65 oC9 unless there is a speial re&uire-ent. The test te-perature is i-ple-ented at 26K#5 oC if there is a strit re&uire-ent of te-perature. ) *# +e&)n)t)ons The folloin/ definitions are used in the standard 4.1 !au/e len/th The len/th of olu-nar or  pris-ati part of test piee for -easurin/ elon/ation 4.1.1 (ri/inal /au/e len/th 8; o9 The /au/e len/th of test piee before appliation of fore 4.1.2 3inal /au/e len/th The /au/e len/th of test piee after frature 4.2 Parallel len/th The len/th of parallel part beteen to end sides of test piee or to holdin/ points of test piee 8the test  piee ithout to end sides9 4.6 Dlon/ation The inrease of ori/inal /au/e len/th 8; o9 an ti-e durin/ test period 4.4 Perenta/e elon/ation Perenta/e of the inrease of ori/inal /au/e len/th to ori/inal /au/e len/th 8; o9 4.4.1 Perenta/e elon/ation after frature 8<9 It is perenta/e of per-anent elon/ation after frature 8; u%;o9 to ori/inal /au/e len/th 8; o9 8see fi/ure 19. 3or the proportional test piee> the subsript is used for s-bol < to desribe the applied proportionalit fator if the ori/inal /au/e len/th is not 5.)5LS o19 8So  is the ori/inal ross%setional area of parallel len/th9. 3or e=a-ple> < 11.6 indiates the perenta/e elon/ation after frature of the ori/inal /au/e len/th 8;o9> hih is 11.6LS o. 3or non%proportional test piee> the subsript is used for s-bol < to desribe the applied ori/inal /au/e len/th> hih is -easured b usin/ -illi-eter 8--9 as unit. 3or e=a-ple> < $0 -indiates the perenta/e elon/ation after frature of the ori/inal /au/e len/th 8; o9> hih is $0--. 4.4.2 Perenta/e total elon/ation at frature It is the perenta/e of total elon/ation of ori/inal /au/e len/th 8elasti elon/ation and plasti elon/ation9 at frature to ori/inal /au/e len/th 8; o9 8see fi/ure 19. 4.4.6 Perenta/e elon/ation at -a=i-u- fore It is the perenta/e of elon/ation of ori/inal /au/e len/th at -a=i-u- fore to ori/inal /au/e len/th 8; o9 8see fi/ure 19. It should be distin/uished beteen perenta/e total elon/ation at -a=i-u- fore 8< /t9 and  perenta/e non%proportional elon/ation at -a=i-u- fore 8< /9 8see fi/ure 19. Stress Perenta/e elon/ation 3i/ure 1+ definitions of elon/ation  5.)5LSo5L84So#M9 19 7 4.5 D=tenso-eter /au/e len/th 8; e9 It is the len/th of parallel%len/th part of test piee hen e=tenso-eter is used to -easure the elon/ation of test piee. It is reo--ended that ; eB;o#2 hen it is used to test ield stren/th and proof stren/th  properties. It is reo--ended that ; e is e&ual to or appro=i-atel e&ual to ; o hen it is used to test the  perenta/e ield point e=tension and the properties of -a=i-u- fore or after -a=i-u- fore. 4.) D=tension It is the inrease of e=tenso-eter /au/e len/th 8;e9 an ti-e durin/ test period. 4.).1 Perenta/e per-anent e=tension It is the perenta/e of the e=tension of e=tenso-eter /au/e len/th after har/e and dishar/e of stresses on the test piees to the e=tenso-eter /au/e len/th 8; e9. 4.).2 Perenta/e non%proportional e=tension It is the perenta/e of the non%proportional e=tension of e=tenso-eter /au/e len/th at an desribed -o-ent durin/ test period to the e=tenso-eter /au/e len/th 8; e9. 4.).6 Perenta/e total e=tension It is the perenta/e of the total e=tension 8elasti e=tension and plasti e=tension9 of e=tenso-eter /au/e len/th at an ti-e durin/ test period to the e=tenso-eter /au/e len/th 8; e9. 4.).4 Perenta/e ield point e=tension It is the perenta/e of the e=tension of e=tenso-eter /au/e len/th fro- ield startin/ to ho-o/eneous or: hardenin/ startin/ to the e=tenso-eter /au/e len/th 8; e9 for the -etalli -aterial> hih has ob'ious ield pheno-enon 8disontinuous ield9. 4.7 Perenta/e redution of area It is the perenta/e of -a=i-u- redution 8S o%Su9 of ross%setional area of test piee after frature to the ori/inal ross setional area 8S o9. 4.$ ,a=i-u- fore 83 -9 It is the -a=i-u- fore endured b the test piee after period of ield. It is the -a=i-u- fore applied in the test for the -etalli -aterial ha'in/ no ob'ious ield 8ontinuous ield9. 4.* Stress It is the &uotient of fore di'ided b the ori/inal ross%setional area 8S o9 of test piee an ti-e durin/  period of test. 4.*.1 Tensile stren/th 8R -9 It is the stress relati'e the -a=i-u- fore 83 -9. 4.*.2 ield stren/th It is the point of stress hen plasti defor-ation ta:es plae but fore doesn’t inreases after the -etalli -aterial appears ieldin/ pheno-enon durin/ period of test. The upper ield stren/th 8R eH9 and loer ield stren/th 8R e;9 should be distin/uished. 4.*.2.1 Opper ield stren/th 8R eH9 It is the hi/hest stress hen fore dereases for the first ti-e after the test piee ields 8see fi/ure 29. 4.*.2.2 ;oer ield stren/th 8R e;9 It is the loest stress in the ieldin/ period if the initial instantaneous effet is not onsidered 8see fi/ure 29. $ Stress Stress Initial instant effet Initial instant effet Perenta/e e=tension Perenta/e e=tension Stress Stress Perenta/e e=tension Perenta/e e=tension 3i/ure 2+ Opper ield stren/th 8R eH9 and ;oer ield stren/th 8R e;9 on different tpes of ur'es 4.*.6 Proof stren/th> non%proportional e=tension 8R  p9 It is the stress hen the perenta/e non%proportional e=tension is e&ual to the proof perenta/e e=tenso-eter /au/e len/th 8see fi/ure 69. The subsript should be used for the s-bol to indiate the  proof perenta/e. 3or e=a-ple> R  p0.2 indiates the stress hen the proof perenta/e non%proportional e=tension is 0.2E. Stress Perenta/e e=tension 3i/ure 6+ Proof stren/th> non%proportional e=tension 8R  p9 4.*.4 Proof stren/th> total e=tension 8R t9 It is the stress hen perenta/e total e=tension is e&ual to the proof perenta/e e=tenso-eter /au/e len/th * 8see fi/ure 49. The subsript should be used for the s-bol to indiate the proof perenta/e. 3or e=a-ple> R t0.5 indiates the stress hen the proof perenta/e total e=tension is 0.5E. Stress Perenta/e e=tension 3i/ure 4+ Proof stren/th> total e=tension 8R t9 4.*.5 Per-anent set stren/th 8R r 9 It is the stress hen the perenta/e per-anent e=tension is e&ual to the proof perenta/e e=tenso-eter /au/e len/th after stress is unloaded. 3or e=a-ple> R r0.2  indiates the stress hen the perenta/e  per-anent e=tension is 0.2. Stress Perenta/e e=tension 3i/ure 5+ Per-anent set stren/th 8R r9  ,# Sm.ols 'nd des$r)pt)ons The s-bols applied in the standard and their desriptions are in table 1. s-bols units a -- Table 1+ S-bols and desriptions desriptions Test piees thi:ness of retan/ular ross%setional test piee or thi:ness of tube all 10 au --  b --  bu -- d du ---  ;o ;o’ ; ;e ;t r ;u ;u’  So Su M : @ ---------/ /#-6 --2 --2 %% %% E Q;%% < non%proportional e=tension Proof stren/th> total e=tension 11 R r   N#--2 Per-anent set stren/th R -  N#--2 Tensile stren/th D N#--2 Dlasti -odulus  Note+ 1N#--21,Pa # Test p)e$e ).1 Shape and di-ension ).1.1 !eneral re&uire-ent Shape and di-ension of test piees are aordin/ to the shape and di-ension of tested -etalli produt. !enerall> the test piee is prepared fro- the test piee or:blan:> hih is ut fro- the pressed or:blan: or in/ot astin/ of produt> folloed b -ahinin/. Hoe'er> the produt ha'in/ in'ariant ross setion 8suh as ire rod> bar  setion -aterial9 and ast test piee 8ast iron and ast nonferrous allo9 an be tested diretl ithout -ahinin/. The ross setion of the test piee an be a irular> retan/ular> pol/onal or annular shape or so-e shapes in speial ases. The test piee is na-ed proportional test piee if its ori/inal /au/e len/th and ori/inal ross%setional area ha'e the relation of ; o:LSo. Internationall> the proportionalit fator 8:9 is 5.5). The ori/inal /au/e len/th should be not less than 15-- 1. The lar/er 'alue 8the 'alue of 11.6 is preferred to use9 or non%  proportional test piee an be used if the ross%setional area of test piee is so s-all that the  proportionalit fator 8:9 5.)5 an not satisf the re&uire-ent of this -ini-u- /au/e len/th. The ori/inal /au/e len/th 8;o9 of non%proportional test piee is independent of its ori/inal ross%setional area 8S o9. The di-ensional tolerane of test piee should -eet the re&uire-ent of relati'e appendi= 8see ).29. ).1.2 The -ahined test piee If the di-ension of holdin/ end of the test piee is not the sa-e ith the parallel len/th of the test piee> the are ointed 'ia transition ar 8see fi/ure 10> 11  129. The transition radius of this transition ar is  probabl i-portant> hene> if there is no desription of transition radius of this transition ar in the relati'e appendi= 8see ).29> it is reo--ended that it should be desribed in the standard of relati'e produt. The shape of holdin/ end of test piee should -ath the la-pers of test -ahine. The a=ial line of test  piee should be oinident ith the line of ation of fore. The parallel len/th 8;9 of test piee or the free len/th beteen to holdin/ ends of the test piee ith transition ar should be lar/er than the ori/inal /au/e len/th 8;o9. ).1.6 Non%-ahined test piee The len/th beteen to holdin/ ends should be suffiient if the test piee is the non%-ahined produt or one part of test bar 8see fi/ure 12  149 so that there is a suffiient distane beteen the -ar: of ori/inal /au/e len/th and holdin/ end see appendi= <% 8standard appendi=9. The holdin/ end and parallel len/th should be ointed b transition ar for the ast test piee. The transition radius of this transition ar is probabl i-portant. Hene> it is reo--ended that it should be desribed in the standard of relati'e produt if there is no desription of transition radius of this transition ar in the relati'e appendi=. The shape of holdin/ end of test piee should -ath the la-pers of test -ahine. The parallel len/th 8; 9 of test piee should be lar/er than the ori/inal /au/e len/th 8; o9. ).2 Tpes of test piee The -ain tpes of test piee are desribed in appendi= <% 8standard appendi=9 aordin/ to shapes of  Note+  In international standard> it is Unot less than 20--V. It is han/ed to Unot less than 15--V so that it an be used for the -ahined proportional test piee ith 6-- dia-eter. 12 1 1  produts 8see table 29. The tpes of other produts an also be desribed in the standard of relati'e  produt. sheet% plate Table 2+ The -ain tpes of test piee tpes of produt ire rod %%% bar %%% setion -aterial 0.1--Athi:nessB6-%% thi:ness B6-dia-eter or side len/thB4-%% dia-eter or side len/thA4-tubular -aterial relati'e appendi= < " C  ).6 Preparation of test piee The test piee or:blan: is ut and test piee is prepared aordin/ to the standard of relati'e produt or !"#t 2*75. 7# +eterm)n't)on o& or))n'l $ross-se$t)on'l 're' So The deter-ination -ethod of ori/inal ross%setional area 8S o9 and its aura should be in aordane ith the re&uire-ent of appendi= <% 8standard appendi=9. It is reo--ended that the -easurin/ instru-ent or de'ie in table 6 is used to test. The ori/inal ross%setional area of the test piee is alulated aordin/ to ori/inal di-ension of the test piee and at least four%di/it si/nifiant fi/ures are re&uired. Table 6+ The resol'in/ abilit of -easurin/ instru-ent or de'ie 2  ross%setional di-ension of test piee resol'in/ abilit 8A9 0.1%0.5 0.001 B0.5%2.0 0.005 B2.0%10.0 0.01 B10.0 0.05 8--9 8# 'r)n o& or))n'l 'ue lent% 4o The ori/inal /au/e len/th is -ar:ed b usin/ s-all -ar:> thin lineation or thin in: line. Hoe'er> the noth> hih -a ause earlier frature> should not be used as -ar:in/. 3or proportional test piee> the alulated 'alue of ori/inal /au/e len/th is rounded off to hih is losest to the -ultiple of 5--. The -iddle 'alue is rounded off to the lar/er side. The -ar:in/ of ori/inal /au/e len/th should be aurate to K#% 1E. If the parallel len/th 8; 9 is -uh lon/er than the ori/inal /au/e len/th> suh as the non%-ahined test  piee> a series of telesoped ori/inal /au/e len/ths an be -ar:ed. So-eti-es> the line> hih is parallel to lon/itudinal a=ial line of test piee> is lined on the surfae of test piee and the ori/inal /au/e len/th is -ar:ed on this line.  Note+  There is no re&uire-ent of this table to be desribed in the international standard. The re&uire-ent added herein is to ensure the aura of deter-ination of ori/inal ross%setional area of test piee to -eet the re&uire-ent of relati'e desription. 16 2 2 !# T%e '$$ur'$ o& test equ)pment The test -ahine is he:ed aordin/ to !"#T 1)$25 and the aura should be 1 /rade or hi/her. The aurate /rade of e=tenso-eter should -eet the re&uire-ent of !"#T 121)0. The e=tenso-eter ith aura no less than 1 /rade is used to test Opper ield stren/th 8R eH9> ;oer ield stren/th 8R e;9> Perenta/e ield point e=tension> Proof stren/th> non%proportional e=tension 8R  p9> Proof stren/th> total e=tension 8R t9> Per-anent set stren/th 8R r9  and 'erifiation of Per-anent set stren/th 8R r9  . The e=tenso-eter ith aura no less than 2 nd /rade is used to test other properties ha'in/ lar/er e=tension> suh as Tensile stren/th 8R -9> Perenta/e total elon/ation at -a=i-u- fore> Perenta/e non%proportional elon/ation at -a=i-u- fore> Perenta/e total elon/ation at frature and Perenta/e elon/ation after frature. 10# Test requ)rement 10.1 Test rate D=ept there is additional desription of produt> the test rate is dependent on the harateristis of -aterials and in aordane ith folloin/ re&uire-ents+ 10.1.1 The test rate of deter-ination of ield stren/th and proof stren/th 10.1.1.1 Opper ield stren/th 8R eH9 The separatin/ rate of the lai-er of test -ahine should be as onstant as possible and in the ran/e of stress rates desribed in table 4 in sope of elastiit up to upper ield stren/th Table 4+ Stress rates elasti -odulus of -aterial D# stress rate #8N#--29Ws%1 8N#--29 -ini-u-a=i-uA150000 2 20 B150000 ) )0 10.1.1.2 ;oer ield stren/th 8R e;9 If onl loer ield stren/th is tested> the strain rate should be 0.00025#s%0.0025#s in the ieldin/ period of  parallel len/th of test piee. The strain rate in parallel len/th should be as onstant as possible. If the strain rate is not adustable diretl> it is adusted 'ia adustin/ ield> 'i.> adustin/ the stress rate before startin/ the test. The test -ahine is not adusted a/ain before o-pletion of ield. In an ase> the stress rate in elasti ran/e should not be -ore than the -a=i-u- rate in table 4. 10.1.1.6 Opper ield stren/th and ;oer ield stren/th 88R eH  R eH9 The Opper ield stren/th and ;oer ield stren/th are tested in the sa-e test. The test ondition of ;oer ield stren/th should be in aordane ith the re&uire-ent of point 10.1.1.2. 10.1.1.4 Proof stren/th> non%proportional e=tension 8R  p9> Proof stren/th> total e=tension 8R t9 and Per-anent set stren/th 8R r9  The stress rate should be in the ran/e of those desribed in table 4. The strain rate in plasti ran/e and up to proof stren/th 8Proof stren/th> non%proportional e=tension> Proof stren/th> total e=tension and Per-anent set stren/th9 should be not -ore than 0.0025#s. 10.1.1.5 Separatin/ rate of la-per  If the test -ahine is not able to test or ontrol strain rate until o-pletion of ield> the separatin/ rate of the lai-er of test -ahine> hih is e&ui'alent to the stress rate desribed in table 4> should be used. 10.1.2 eter-ination of the test rate of tensile stren/th 8R -9 14 10.1.2.1 Plasti ran/e The strain rate of parallel len/th should not be -ore than 0.00$#s. 10.1.2.2 Dlasti ran/e If there is no test of ield stren/th or proof stren/th> the rate of test -ahine -a reah the -a=i-u- rate in the plasti ran/e. 10.2 Holdin/ -ethod The la-per ith appropriate la-pin/ hu:> suh as uneal la-pin/ hu:> sre la-pin/ hu: and lantern%rin/ la-pin/ hu:> should be used. It should be ensured that the held test piee is under a=ial tensile fore onl> espeiall for testin/ fra/ile -aterials or the Proof stren/th> non%proportional e=tension> Proof stren/th> total e=tension and Per-anent set stren/th. 11# +eterm)n't)ons o& per$ent'e elon't)on '&ter &r'$ture 5 'nd per$ent'e tot'l elon't)on 't &r'$ture 5t 11.1 The perenta/e elon/ation after frature is tested aordin/ to the desription of point 4.4.1. In order to test perenta/e elon/ation after frature> the bro:en parts of test piee are ointed to/ether arefull so that the are on the sa-e a=ial line and a speial -ean -a also be used to ensure appropriate onnetion ith eah other. Then> the /au/e len/th of test piee after frature is -easured. It is espeiall i-portant for the test piee ha'in/ a s-all ross setion and that ha'in/ lo perenta/e elon/ation. The -easurin/ instru-ent or de'ie ha'in/ resol'in/ abilit hi/her than 0.1-- should be used to -easure the /au/e len/th after frature 8; u9 and the aura is up to K#%0.25--. It is reo--ended that a speial -ethod is used for testin/ if the desribed -ini-u- perenta/e elon/ation after frature is less than 5E see appendi= D 8standard appendi=9. In priniple> it is effeti'e onl if the distane beteen brea:point and the losest -ar:in/ of /au/e len/th is not less than 1#6 of ori/inal /au/e len/th. Hoe'er> the -easure-ent is effeti'e if the perenta/e elon/ation after frature is -ore than or e&ual to 8B9 the desribed 'alue no -atter here the brea:point is. 11.2 The /au/e len/th of e=tenso-eter 8; e9 should be e&ual to the ori/inal /au/e len/th 8; o9 of test piee for the test -ahine that e=tenso-eter an be used to test e=tension at frature. There is no need to -ar: the ori/inal /au/e len/th of test piee. The elasti e=tension is redued fro- total e=tension in order to obtain perenta/e elon/ation after frature if the total e=tension at frature is used to test elon/ation. In priniple> it is effeti'e if the frature ta:es plae in the /au/e len/th of e=tenso-eter. Hoe'er> the -easure-ent is effeti'e if the perenta/e elon/ation after frature is -ore than or e&ual to 8B9 the desribed 'alue no -atter here the brea:point is.  Note+ If there is a fi=ed /au/e to be used to test the perenta/e elon/ation after frature in the standard of the produt> the /au/e len/th of e=tenso-eter should be e&ual to this /au/e len/th. 11.6 The perenta/e elon/ation after frature an be tested on a fi=ed /au/e len/th aordin/ to a/ree-ent before test folloed b on'ersion into the perenta/e elon/ation after frature of proportional /au/e len/th throu/h on'ersion for-ula or on'ersion table 8for e=a-ple> the on'ersion -ethods of !"#T 17)00.1 and !"#T 17)00.2 an be used9.  Note+ the perenta/e elon/ation after frature has o-parabilit if and onl if the /au/e len/ths or the /au/e len/ths of e=tenso-eter> the shapes of ross setion and areas are all the sa-e> or the proportionalit fators 8:9 are the sa-e. 11.4 The shiftin/ -ethod of appendi= 3 8su//esti'e appendi=9 an be used to test the perenta/e elon/ation after frature in order to a'oid srap of test piee aused b the frature ta:in/ plae in the sope beond desription of point 11.1. 15 11.5 The perenta/e total elon/ation after frature is obtained b di'idin/ the total e=tension at frature desribed in point 11.2 b the ori/inal /au/e len/th of test piee 8see fi/ure 19. 12# +eterm)n't)ons o& per$ent'e tot'l elon't)on 't m'6)mum &or$e 5 t 'nd per$ent'e nonproport)on'l elon't)on 't m'6)mum &or$e 5  The total e=tension at -a=i-u- fore 8Q; -9 is obtained on the 3ore%D=tension Cur'e ia/ra- tested b e=tenso-eter. The perenta/e total elon/ation at -a=i-u- fore is alulated aordin/ to for-ula 819+ it is di'ided b the /au/e len/th of e=tenso-eter to obtain perenta/e non%proportional elon/ation at -a=i-u- fore 8< /9 8see fi/ure 19. There is a platfor- at -a=i-u- fore for so-e -aterials. In this ase> the perenta/e total elon/ation relati'e to the -a=i-u- fore of the -idpoint of platfor- is used 8see fi/ure 19. The /au/e len/th of e=tenso-eter should be -entioned in the test report. The 3ore%D=tension Cur'e ia/ra- is not re&uired if the test is i-ple-ented on the test -ahine ith a data a&uisition sste- of o-puter. The perenta/e total elon/ation and relati'e non%proportional elon/ation are tested on the point of -a=i-u- fore. the fore%e=tension ur'e is dran until reahin/ unifor- strain hardenin/  period. (n the dia/ra- of ur'e> the beeline> hih is parallel to the plasti setion of line of ur'e of the ur'e> is dran throu/h the endin/ point of ieldin/ period. The interept of this parallel on the e=tension a=is of the dia/ra- of ur'e is the ield point e=tension and the perenta/e ield point e=tension is obtained b di'idin/ the ield point e=tension b the /au/e len/th of e=tenso-eter 8see fi/ure )9. The perenta/e ield point e=tension an be tested b usin/ auto-ati de'ie 8suh as PC9 or auto-ati testin/ sste-. The 3ore%D=tension Cur'e ia/ra- is not re&uired in this ase. The /au/e len/th of e=tenso-eter should be -entioned in the test report. Stress Perenta/e e=tension 3i/ure )+ The perenta/e ield point e=tension 8< e9  Note+  There is no desription of this point in the international standard. It is added in order to test aordin/ to definition 4.).4. 1) 6 6 1*# +eterm)n't)ons o& upper )eld strent%  e9 'nd lower )eld strent%  e4* 14.1 3or the -etalli -aterials ha'in/ ob'ious ield pheno-enon 8non%ontinuous ield9> the upper ield stren/th or loer ield stren/th or both should be desribed in the standard of its relati'e produt. The upper ield stren/th and loer ield stren/th or loer ield stren/th in ase of fi/ure 2d should be deter-ined. The upper ield stren/th and loer ield stren/th are deter-ined aordin/ to definition 4.*.2.1  4.*.2.2 as ell as folloin/ -ethods. 14.1.1 !raphial -ethod+ the fore%e=tension ur'e or fore%displae-ent ur'e is dran in the test. Then> the -a=i-u- fore before the derease of fore for the first ti-e and the -ini-u- fore in the ieldin/ period if the ori/inal instantaneous effet is not onsidered or the onstant fore of platfor- are read and noted don on abo'e ur'es. the are di'ided b the ori/inal ross%setional area 8S o9 of test piee to obtain upper ield stren/th and loer ield stren/th 8see fi/ure 29. the -a=i-u- fore indiated b the pointer of dna-o-eter before it returns for the first ti-e and the -ini-u- fore indiated b the pointer in the ieldin/ period if the ori/inal instantaneous effet is not onsidered or the onstant fore indiated b the pointer hen it stops rotatin/ for the first ti-e are read and noted don on the dna-o-eter. the are di'ided b the ori/inal ross%setional area 8S o9 of test piee to obtain upper ield stren/th and loer ield stren/th. 14.1.6 The upper ield stren/th and loer ield stren/th an be tested b usin/ auto-ati de'ie 8suh as PC9 or auto-ati testin/ sste-. The Tensile Cur'e ia/ra- is not re&uired in this ase. 1,# +eterm)n't)on o& proo& strent%: non-proport)on'l e6tens)on  p 15.1 The proof stren/th> non%proportional e=tension is deter-ined aordin/ to 3ore%D=tension Cur'e ia/ra-. (n the dia/ra- of ur'e> the beeline> hih is parallel to the plasti se/-ent of the ur'e> and ith distane to this se/-ent on the e=tension a=is e&ui'alent to the proof non%proportional e=tension 8suh as 0.2E9 is dran. The intersetion point of this parallel line and the ur'e shos the fore relati'e to the proof stren/th> non%proportional e=tension. Then> this fore is di'ided b the ori/inal ross% setional area 8So9 of test piee to obtain the proof stren/th> non%proportional e=tension 8see fi/ure 69. It is 'er i-portant to dra an aurate 3ore%D=tension Cur'e ia/ra-. The folloin/ -ethod is reo--ended to use if the plasti beeline of the 3ore%D=tension Cur'e an not  be deter-ined definitel so that the parallel line an not be dran ith suffiient aura 8see fi/ure 79. In the test> the fore is dereased to 10E of that has been reahed hen the e=petant proof stren/th> non%  proportional e=tension is e=eeded. Then> the fore is inreased a/ain until it e=eeds that has been reahed. In order to test the proof stren/th> non%proportional e=tension> a beeline is dran o'er hsteresis loop. Then> the line> hih is parallel to this beeline> is dran b passin/ throu/h the point> on hih the distane beteen horiontal a=is and the ori/in of the ur'e is e&ui'alent to the desribed perenta/e non%  proportional e=tension. The intersetion point of this parallel line and the ur'e shos the fore relati'e to the proof stren/th> non%proportional e=tension. Then> this fore is di'ided b the ori/inal ross%setional area 8So9 of test piee to obtain the proof stren/th> non%proportional e=tension 8see fi/ure 79. In appendi= H 8su//esti'e appendi=9> the -ethod of suessi'e appro=i-ations is pro'ided. It an be used for testin/ proof stren/th> non%proportional e=tension 8R  p9.  Note+ the ori/in of the ur'e an be orreted b 'arious -ethods. !enerall> the folloin/ -ethod is used+ on the ur'e> the line> hih is parallel to the line deter-ined b hsteresis loop> is dran b passin/ throu/h the elasti risin/ one  Note+  There is no desription of this point in the international standard. It is added in order to test aordin/ to definition 4.*.2.1  4.*.2.2. 17 4 4 hose slope is losest to the slope of hsteresis loop. The intersetion point beteen this parallel line and e=tension a=is is the orretional ori/in of the ur'e. 3ore The fore relati'e to Rp D=tension 3i/ure 7+ The proof stren/th> non%proportional e=tension 8R  p9 8see 15.19 15.2 The proof stren/th> non%proportional e=tension an be tested b usin/ auto-ati de'ie 8suh as PC9 or auto-ati testin/ sste- and the 3ore%D=tension Cur'e ia/ra- is not re&uired in this ase. 15.6 In pratie> the fore%la-pin/ hu: displae-ent ur'e is dran to deter-ine the proof stren/th> non%proportional e=tension ith proof perenta/e non%proportional e=tension B0.2E. This -ethod is not used in the arbitration test. 1# +eterm)n't)on o& proo& strent%: tot'l e6tens)on  t 1).1 (n the fore%e=tension ur'e> the line hih is parallel to the fore a=is and hose distane to this a=is is e&ui'alent to the proof perenta/e total e=tension is dran. The intersetion point of this parallel line and the ur'e shos the fore relati'e to the proof stren/th> total e=tension. Then> this fore is di'ided  b the ori/inal ross%setional area 8S o9 of test piee to obtain the proof stren/th> total e=tension 8see fi/ure 49. 1).2 The proof stren/th> total e=tension an be tested b usin/ auto-ati de'ie 8suh as PC9 or auto-ati testin/ sste- and the 3ore%D=tension Cur'e ia/ra- is not re&uired in this a se. 17# ;er)&)$'t)on met%od o& perm'nent set strent%  r The fore relati'e to per-anent set stren/th is applied on the test piee and -aintained for 10s%12s. The  perenta/e per-anent e=tension is 'erified 8hether9 it does not e=eed the desribed perenta/e after the fore is dishar/ed 8see fi/ure 59. The -ethod pro'ided in appendi= I 8su//esti'e appendi=9 is used to test the per-anent set stren/th if it is re&uired in the standard of relati'e produt. 18# +eterm)n't)on o& tens)le strent%  m, Tensile stren/th is tested b !raphial -ethod or pointer -ethod aordin/ to definition 4.*.1. The -a=i-u- fore after ieldin/ period is read on the fore%e=tension or fore%displae-ent ur'e or the dna-o-eter for the -etalli -aterials ha'in/ ob'ious ieldin/ pheno-enon 8non%ontinuous ield9 8see fi/ure $9. 3or the -etalli -aterials ha'in/ no ob'ious ieldin/ pheno-enon 8ontinuous ield9> the  Note+  There is no desription of this point in the international standard. It is added in order to test aordin/ to definition 4.*.1. 1$ 5 5 -a=i-u- fore in the testin/ period is read on the fore%e=tension or fore%displae-ent ur'e or the dna-o-eter. The tensile stren/th is obtained b di'idin/ the -a=i-u- fore b the ori/inal ross% setional area 8So9 of test piee. The tensile stren/th an be tested b usin/ auto-ati de'ie 8suh as PC9 or auto-ati testin/ sste-. The 3ore%D=tension Cur'e ia/ra- is not re&uired in this ase. 3ore Dlon/ation 3i/ure $+ ,a=i-u- fore 83 -9 1!# +eterm)n't)on o& per$ent'e redu$t)on o& 're' < 1*.1 The perenta/e redution of area is tested aordin/ to definition 4.7. the -easure-ent of -ini-u- ross%setional area should be aurate to K#12E. 1*.2 In the test> the bro:en parts of test piee are ointed to/ether arefull so that the are on the sa-e a=ial line if it is re&uired. 3or the test piee ha'in/ a irular ross setion> the dia-eter is -easured in the ortho/onal diretion of the s-allest setion of redued setion and the arith-etial -ean is used to alulate the -ini-u- ross%setional area. 3or the test piee ha'in/ a retan/ular ross setion> the -a=i-u- idth and -ini-u- thi:ness of redued setion are -easured 8see fi/ure *9 and their produt is the -ini-u- ross%setional area after frature. The perenta/e &uotient of re-ainder of the -ini-u- ross%setional area after frature 8S u9 subtrated fro- ori/inal ross%setional area 8S o9 di'ided b the ori/inal ross%setional area> 'i.> 8ori/inal ross% setional area 8So9 X the -ini-u- ross%setional area after frature 8S u99#ori/inal ross%setional area> is the perenta/e redution of area. 1*.6 The perenta/e redution of area is not tested for the test piee ha'in/ o-pliated ross setion or dia-eter A6--> suh as sheet  thin strip> full setion of tubular -aterial> lon/itudinal arhed pipe and so on. Hoe'er> the both parties -a ne/otiate the test -ethod if test is re&uired. The test aura of the -ini-u- ross%setional area after frature should -eet the re&uire-ent of point 1*.1. 3i/ure *+ The -a=i-u- idth and -ini-u- thi:ness of the redued setion of test piee ha'in/ a retan/ular ross setion 1* Holdin/ end  Note+ the shape of holdin/ ends of test piee is she-ati onl. 3i/ure 10+ The -ahined test piee ha'in/ a retan/ular ross setion 8see appendi= <9 Holdin/ end  Note+ 19 The surfae rou/hness of the test piee ha'in/ a retan/ular ross setion ith four%side -ahinin/ should not be loer than in the arbitration test. 29 The shape of test piee head is she-ati onl. 3i/ure 11+ Non%proportional test a-ple 8see appendi= "9 20  Note+ The shape of test piee head is she-ati onl. 3i/ure 12+ The test piee ha'in/ one part ithout -ahinin/ 8see appendi= C9 Holdin/ end  Note+ The shape of test piee head is she-ati onl. 3i/ure 16+ The test piee of lon/itudinal arhed pipe 8see appendi= 9 Holdin/ end 3i/ure 14+ The test piee of tubular piee 8see appendi= 9 20# =umer)$'l round)n-o&& o& t%e result o& propert determ)n't)on The test results of properties should be rounded off aordin/ to the re&uire-ent of standard of relati'e  produt. The roundin/ off is aordin/ to the re&uire-ent of table 5 if there is no re&uire-ent in the  Note+  In the international standard> onl the roundin/%off alternation of the test result of perenta/e elon/ation after frature is  presribed. It is 0.5E. The roundin/ inter'al re&uire-ent is added for the test results of other properties. 21 ) ) standard of relati'e produt. The roundin/%off -ethod is aordin/ to !"#T $170. Table 5+ The roundin/ inter'al of the test result of properties  properties ran/e roundin/%off alternation R eH> R e;> R  p> R t> R A200N#--2 1N#--2 B200N#--2%1000N#--2 5N#--2 B1000N#--2 10N#--2 -easurin/ aura of di-ensions of test piee and so on. ,aterial and test para-eters+ suh as propert of -aterial> preparation and /eo-etrial shape of test  piees> test rate> test te-perature and -ethod of data olletion and analsis. The test aura of 'arious properties of tensile test an not be deter-ined e=atl at present if there is no suffiient data of 'arious tpes of -aterials. alu-inuallo and ni:el%based allo 'ia the test in laborator. 22# Test result pro$ess)n7 22.1 The test result is not effeti'e and the sa-e test ith sa-e nu-ber of test piees should be i-ple-ented a/ain if an ase belo ta:es plae+ a9 The frature of test piee is out of /au/e len/th or on the -a:in/ of /au/e len/th -ar:ed -ehaniall and the perenta/e elon/ation after frature is less than the desribed -ini-u- 'alue.  b9 The test -ahine has fault in test period and hene the test result is affeted. 22.2 If there are to or -ore than to redued setions or 'isible -etallur/ial defets 8suh as stratifiation> air bubble> sla/ inlusion and shrin:a/e a'it9 on the test piee after test> the should be -entioned in test reord and test report. 23# Test report !enerall> test report inludes folloin/ ontent+ a9 o-esti standard serial nu-berY  b9 Identifiation of test pieeY 9 Na-e  desi/nation of test pieesY d9 Tpe of test pieeY e9 Sa-plin/ -ethod and loation of test pieesY  Note+  There is no desription of this point in the international standard. It is added beause these -atters -a ta:e plae in  pratie. 22 7 7 f9 Result of the tested propert 5ppend)6 5 8Standard appendi=9 Test piee tpes used for sheet  strip ha'in/ 0.1--%A6-- thi:ness <1+ Shape of the test piee The holdin/ end of test piee should be broader than the parallel len/th. There should be a transition ar  beteen the holdin/ end of test piee and parallel len/th 8;9 to oint the- and the transition radius of transition ar is at least 20-- 8see fi/ure 109. The idth of holdin/ end is at least 20--> but not -ore than 40--. <ordin/ to a/ree-ent> the test piee ithout holdin/ end an also be used> but the free len/th beteen to ends should be ; oK6b for this tpe of test piee. 3or the produt ha'in/ idth A20--> the idth of test piee an be e&ual to the idth of produt. <2+ i-ension of test piee The parallel len/th should not be less than ; oKb#2. Onless the sie of test piee is insuffiient> the parallel len/th is ;oK2b for arbitration test. 3or the test piee ha'in/ idth A20-- and ithout holdin/ end> the ori/inal /au/e len/th 8; o9 should  be 50-- unless there is a speial desription in the standard of produt. The di-ensions of proportional test piee and non%proportional test piee are desribed in table <1  table <2.  b#-- Table <1+ The proportional test piee ha'in/ a retan/ular ross setion $ r#-:5.)5 :11.6 Sr.No. of ;o#-;o#-;#-;#-ith ithout test piee ith holdin/ end holdin/ end 10 12.5 15 20 B20 5.)5LSo B;oKb#2 ;o K6b B15 arbitration test+ ;oK2b ithout Sr.No. of test piee holdin/ end holdin/ end P1 P2 P6 P4 11.6LSo B;oKb#2 ;o K6b B15 arbitration test+ ;oK2b P01 P02 P06 P04  Note+ 1. The proportional test piee ith proportionalit fator :5.)5 is preferred to be used. It is reo--ended that the non%  proportional test piee in table <2 is used if the proportional /au/e len/th is less than 15--. 2. The parallel len/th of the test piee ith thi:ness A0.5-- -a has s-all du-- lubs so that the e=tenso-eter an  be installed easil if it is re&uired. The distane beteen the idth entral lines of upper and loer du-- lubs is ori/inal /au/e len/th.  b#-- Table <2+ The non%proportional test piee ha'in/ a retan/ular ross setion Sr.No. of test r#-;o#-;#-ith holdin/ end ithout holdin/  piee  Note+  There is desription of these test piees. The test piees added in tables are o--on test piees in the standard of produt. 26 $ $ end 12.5 20 B20 50 $0 75 120 $7.5 140 P5 P)  Note+ The parallel len/th of the test piee ith thi:ness A0.5-- -a has s-all du-- lubs so that the e=tenso-eter an  be installed easil if it is re&uired. The distane beteen the idth entral lines of upper and loer du-- lubs is ori/inal /au/e len/th. <6+ Preparation of test piee The preparation of test piee should not affet its -ehanial propert. The or:%hardenin/ part of the test piee aused b shearin/ or pressin/ is re-o'ed 'ia -ahinin/ proess. 3or 'er thin -aterial> it is reo--ended to ut it into sheets ith the sa-e idth. Then> the sheets are o'erlapped and oil paper is :ept a-on/ sheets in order to isolate the- and to piees of sheets are sued to la-p to sides of the bundle of sheets. The hole bundle of sheets is -ahined to the di-ension of test  piee. The di-ensional tolerane and for- tolerane of the -ahined test piees should -eet the re&uire-ent of table <6. The folloin/ are so-e e=a-ples of these toleranes+ a9 i-ensional tolerane+ In table <6> for e=a-ple> if the no-inal idth of test piee is 12.5-- and di-ensional tolerane is K#% 0.2--> the idth of test piee should not be beond the ran/e of folloin/ to 'alues+ 12.5--K0.2--12.7--  12.5--%0.2--12.6- b9 3or- tolerane+ In table <6> for e=a-ple> for the test piee ith 12.5-- idth> hih satisfies abo'e -ahined ondition> the differene beteen the -easured -a=i-u- idth and -ini-u- idth alon/ parallel len/th 8; 9 should not be -ore than 0.04-- 8in ase of arbitration test9. Hene> if the -ini-u- idth of test piee is 12.40--> the -a=i-u- idth of test piee should not be -ore than folloin/ 'alue+ 12.4--K0.04--12.44-- no-inal idths of test  piee 10 12.5 15 20 Table <6+ The toleranes of idth of test piee * di-ensional toleranes for- toleranes o--on test arbitration test K#%0.2 0.1 0.04 K#%0.5 0.2 0.05 <4+ eter-ination of ori/inal ross%setional area 8S o9 The aura of deter-ination of ori/inal ross%setional area is up to K#%2E. The error of idth should not be -ore than K#%0.2E if the error is -ainl aused b the -easure-ent of thi:ness of test piee. The  Note+  In the international standard> the for- tolerane is aurate to three di/its after radi= point. 8In this standard9> these toleranes are not re&uired as aurate as international standard. The are aurate to to di/its after radi= point. The di-ensional tolerane is different fro- the desription of international standard 8in ase of a lulation of S o b usin/ -easured di-ensions9. The tolerane desribed in the international standard is K#%1--. It is too lar/e. 24 * * idth and thi:ness are -easured in to sides and -iddle of /au/e len/th of test piees. The s-allest ross%setional area of abo'e three points is used. It is alulated aordin/ to e&uation 8<19+ Soab %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 8<19 5ppend)6 B 8Standard appendi=9 Test piee tpes used for plate  flat ha'in/ B6-- thi:ness and ire rod> bar  setion -aterial ha'in/ B4-- dia-eters or thi:ness "1+ !enerall> the test piee is -ahined. The transition ar is used to oint the parallel len/th and holdin/ end and the shape holdin/ end of test piee should -ath the la-pin/ hu: of la-per of test -ahine for on'eniene of holdin/ 8see fi/ure 119. The radius of the transition ar beteen holdin/ end and  parallel len/th 8;9 is as follos+ Cirular ross%setional test piee+ B0.75dY Retan/ular ross%setional test piee+ B12--. The ori/inal ross setion of test piee an be a irular shape> retan/ular shape> fours&uare shape or other speial shapes. 3or retan/ular ross%setional test piee> it is reo--ended that the ratio of its idth to thi:ness is $+1. 3or the -ahined irular ross%setional test piee> the dia-eter of its parallel len/th is not less than 6-- nor-all 10. The test piee ithout -ahinin/ an be used to test for ire rod> bar  setion -aterial if it is desribed in the standard of relati'e produt. "2+ i-ension of test piee The parallel len/th of -ahined test piee 3or irular ross%setional test piee+ ; B ;oKb#2. unless the sie of test piee is insuffiient. 3or retan/ular ross%setional test piee+ ; B ; oK1.5LSo. unless the sie of test piee is insuffiient. "2.2 The parallel len/th of non%-ahined test piee The free len/th beteen to la-pin/ hun:s of test -ahine should be suffiient so that the distane  beteen the -ar:in/ of ori/inal /au/e len/th of test piee and its losest holdin/ end is not less than 1.5d or 1.5b. "2.6 (ri/inal /au/e len/th "2.6.1 Proportional test piee The relation beteen ori/inal /au/e len/th 8; o9 and ori/inal ross%setional area 8S o9 is as follos for  proportional test piee+ ;o:LSo %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 8"19 Therein> the proportionalit fator : is 5.)5. Hoe'er> the proportionalit fator desribed in Point 11.6 an be used if it is re&uired in the standard in the relati'e produt.  Note+  In the international standard> it is Uno less than 4--V. In this standard> it is han/ed to Uno less than 6--V so that the -ahined test piee ith 6-- dia-eter an be used. 25 1 10 The di-ensions of Cirular ross%setional proportional test piee and Retan/ular ross%setional  proportional test piee are in table "1  table "2 respeti'el. (ther di-ensions of proportional test piee an be desribed in the standard of relati'e produt. Table "1+ Cirular ross%setional proportional test piee 11 d#-r#-:5.)5 :11.6 Sr.No. of Sr.No. of ;o#-;#-;o#-;#-test piee test piee 25 B0.75d 5d B;oKb#2 R1 10d B;oKb#2 arbitration arbitration 20 R2 test+ ;oK2b test+ ;oK2b 15 R6 10 R4 $ R5 ) R) 5 R7 6 R$  Note+ 1. R2> R4 or R7 test piee is preferred to use if there is no standard of relati'e produtY 2. Total len/th of test piee depends on the holdin/ -ethod. In priniple> ; tB;K4d. R01 R02 R06 R04 R05 R0) R07 R0$ Table "2+ Retan/ular ross%setional proportional test piee 12 d#-- r#-;o#-- :5.)5 ;#-- Sr.No. of ;o#-- :11.6 ;#-- test piee 12.5 15 20 25 60 B12 5.)5LSo ;B ;oK1.5LSo the produt ith thi:ness B25-- an be -ahined to Cirular ross% setional proportional test piee or thinned to Retan/ular ross%setional proportional test piee if there is  In the international standard> onl the test piee ha'in/ 20--> 10--  5-- dia-eters 8R2> R4  R$ test piees9 are desribed. In the table> irular ross%setional test piees> hih are nor-all desribed in the standard of produt> are added. 1  Note+ 12  There is no desription of these test piees in the international standard. In the table> retan/ular ross%setional  proportional test piees> hih are nor-all desribed in the standard of produt> are added. 2) 11 no detailed tpe of test piee desribed in the standard of relati'e produt and the abilit of test -ahine is not suffiient.  b#-12.5 20 25 6$ 40 Table "6+ Retan/ular ross%setional non%proportional test piee 16 Sr.No. of test piee r#-;o#-;#-B12 50 ;B ;oK1.5LSo P12 for e=a-ple> if the no-inal dia-eter of test piee is 10-- and di-ensional tolerane is K#% 0.07--> the dia-eter of test piee should not be beond the ran/e of folloin/ to 'alues+ 10--K0.07--10.07--  10--%0.07--*.*6- b9 3or- tolerane+ In table "4> for e=a-ple> for the test piee ith 10-- dia-eter> hih satisfies abo'e -ahined ondition> the differene beteen the -easure -a=i-u- dia-eter and - ini-u- dia-eter alon/ parallel len/th 8;9should not be -ore than 0.04-- 8in ase of arbitration test9. Hene> if the -ini-u- dia-eter of test piee is *.**--> the -a=i-u- dia-eter of test piee should not be -ore than folloin/ 'alue+ *.**--K0.04--10.06-"4+ The trans'ersal di-ensional tolerane 14 na-es no-inal trans'ersal di-ensional tolerane for- tolerane di-ension -ahined irular%setional 6 K#%0.05 0.02 dia-eter  B6%) K#%0.0) 0.06 B)%10 K#%0.07 0.04 B10%1$ K#%0.0* 0.04 B1$%60 K#%0.10 0.05 trans'ersal di-ensions of e&ui'alent to the tolerane of dia-eter of irular ross%setional test retan/ular ross%setional test  piee  Note+  There is no desription of these test piees in the international standard. In the table> retan/ular ross%setional non%  proportional test piees> hih are nor-all desribed in the standard of produt> are added. 1 16 In the international standard> the auraies of di-ensional  for- toleranes of irular ross%setional test piee is aurate to three di/its after radi= point. In the standard> these toleranes are not re&uired as aurate as international standard. The are aurate to to di/its after radi= point onl. 3or the retan/ular ross%setional test piee ith opposite to%side -ahinin/> there is no desription of tolerane> but the di-ensional tolerane is added in the standard. The fortolerane is different fro- that of international standard. It is too lar/e in the international standard. 27 14  piee ith four%side -ahinin/ trans'ersal di-ensions of retan/ular ross%setional test  piee ith opposite to%side -ahinin/ 6 K#%0.01 0.05 B6%) B)%10 K#%0.02 0.1 B10%1$ B1$%60 K#%0.05 0.2 B60%50 "4+ eter-ination of ori/inal ross%setional area 8S o9 The ori/inal ross%setional area is alulated aordin/ to di-ensions of tested ori/inal test piee and the aura of eah -easured deter-ination is up to K#%0.5E. 3or irular ross%setional test piee> the dia-eter is -easured on to ends and -iddle of /au/e len/th in the ortho/onal diretions and the arith-etial -ean is used. The s-allest ross%setional area of three loations is used 8as ori/inal ross%setional area9 and the alulation is as follos+ So1#4Md2%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 8"29 3or retan/ular ross%setional test piee> the idth and thi:ness are -easured on to ends and -iddle of /au/e len/th and the s-allest ross%setional area of three loations is used. The alulation is aordin/ to e&uation 8<19. 3or the onstant ross%setional test piee> the ori/inal ross%setional area an be alulated aordin/ to the -easured len/th> -ass and densit of test piees. The aura of len/th of test piee is up to K#%0.5E> aura of -ass of test piee is up to K#%0.5E and at least three si/nifiant di/its are used for densit. The alulation of ori/inal ross%setional area is as follos+ So8-#;t9=1000%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 8"69 5ppend)6 C 8Standard appendi=9 Test piee tpes used for ire rod> bar  setion -aterial ha'in/ A4-- dia-eters or thi:ness C1+ Shape of test piee The test piee is one part of produt /enerall. It is not -ahined 8see fi/ure 129. C2 i-ension of test piee The ori/inal /au/e len/ths are 200-- and 100--. D=ept the free len/th beteen to holdin/ ends for the ire rod ha'in/ a s-all dia-eter -a be ; o> for other ases> the free len/th of to la-pin/ hu:s of test -ahine should be at least ;oK50--. See table C1. The -ini-u- free len/th beteen to holdin/ ends an be 50-- if the perenta/e elon/ation after frature is not tested. d or a#-- Table C1+ Non%proportional test piee ;o#-;#-- 2$ Sr.No. of test piee A4 100 200 B150 B250 R* R10 C6+ Preparation of test piee It should be strai/htened suffiientl if the produt is deli'ered b oiled state. C4+ eter-ination of ori/inal ross%setional area 8S o9 eter-ination of ori/inal ross%setional area should be aurate to K#%1E. The -ini-u- ross%setional area is -easured on to ends and -iddle of /au/e len/th and the s-allest ross%setional area of three loations is used. 3or irular ross%setional produt> the dia-eter is -easured in the ortho/onal diretions and the arith-etial -ean is used to alulate the ross%setional area. The alulation is aordin/ to e&uation 8"29. 3or retan/ular ross%setional and &uadrate produts> the idth and thi:ness are -easured and the alulation is aordin/ to e&uation 8<19. The ori/inal ross%setional area an be alulated aordin/ to the -easured len/th> -ass and densit of test piees. The alulation is aordin/ to e&uation 8"69. 5ppend)6 + 8Standard appendi=9 Test piee tpe used for tubular -aterial 1+ Shape of test piee The test piee an be full%all 8solid9 lon/itudinal arhed test piee 8see fi/ure 169  tubular test piee 8see fi/ure 149> full%all trans'erse test piee or irular ross%setional test piee -ahined b usin/ tube thi:ness. <ordin/ to a/ree-ent> the lon/itudinal arhed test piee and trans'erse test piee ithout holdin/ ends an be used. "ut the test piee ith holdin/ ends is used in arbitration test. 2+ i-ension of test piee 2.1 ;on/itudinal arhed test piee The di-ensions desribed in table 1 are used for the lon/itudinal arhed test piee. !enerall> the lon/itudinal arhed test piee is suitable for the tubular -aterial ha'in/ tube allB0.5--. To end of lon/itudinal arhed test piee an be pressed to flat so that it an be la-ped b test -ahine easil. "ut the parallel len/th 8; o9 should not be pressed. 3or the test piee ithout to holdin/ ends> the free len/th beteen to la-pin/ hun:s of test -ahine should be suffiient so that the distane beteen the -ar:in/ of ori/inal /au/e len/th of test piee and its losest holdin/ end is not less than 1.5b. Table 1+ lon/itudinal arhed test piee 15 #-- b#-- a#-- r#-- :5.)5 ;o#-- ;#-- :11.6 Sr.No. of ;o#-- ;#-- test piee 60%50 10 ori/inal 5.)5LSo ;B S1 Sr.No. of test piee 11.6LSo ;B S01  Note+  There is no speial desription of these test piees in the international standard. In the table> these lon/itudinal arhed test  piees are nor-all desribed in the standard of produt. 2* 1 15 ;oK1.5LSo the tubular test piee is not pressed in arbitration test and the plu/ is used. Table 2+ Tubular test piee 1) ;#-;B ;oK#2> the di-ensions desribed table <1 or table <2 of appendi= < 8standard appendi=9 are used if the thi:ness of tube all is less than 6-- and the di-ensions desribed table "2 or table "6 of appendi= " 8standard appendi=9 are used if the thi:ness of tube all is -ore than or e&ual to 6--. The di-ensions of trans'erse retan/ular test piee different fro- those desribed in appendi= < 8standard appendi=9 and appendi= " 8standard appendi=9 in the standard of relati'e produt. 3or the test piee ithout to holdin/ ends> the free len/th beteen to la-pin/ hun:s of test -ahine should be suffiient so that the distane beteen the -ar:in/ of ori/inal /au/e len/th of test piee and its losest holdin/ end is not less than 1.5b. The trans'erse test piee should be stren/thened b usin/ so-e partiula r -eans. 2.4 ,ahined lon/itudinal irular ross%setional test piee of tubular%all thi:ness 8solid9 The di-ensions of test piee desribed in table "1 of appendi= " 8standard appendi=9 are used for the -ahined lon/itudinal irular ross%setional test piee. The di-ension of -ahined irular ross% setional test piee should be desribed in the standard of relati'e produt aordin/ to thi:ness of tube all. The di-ensions in table 6 are used if there is no detailed desription. Table 6+ ,ahined lon/itudinal irular ross%setional test piee of tubular%all thi:ness 8solid9 17 Thi:ness of tube all#-test piee applied $%16 R7 B16%1) R5 B1) R4 6+ eter-ination of ori/inal ross%setional area 8S o9 eter-ination of ori/inal ross%setional area should be aurate to K#%1E. 3or lon/itudinal arhed test piee of irular pipe> the idth and tube%all thi:ness are -easured on to ends and -iddle of /au/e len/th and the s-allest ross%setional area of three loations is used. The alulation is aordin/ to e&uation 819. The no-inal 'alue is used for outer dia-eter in alulation. So8b#4982%b291#2 K 82#49 arsin 8b#9 X8b#498%2a9 2%b21#2 X 8%2a9#2 2arsinb#8%2a9 %%%%%%%%%%%% 819 The folloin/ si-plified for-ula an be used to alulate the ori/inal ross%setional area of lon/itudinal arhed test piee of irular pipe+ Zhen 8b#9A0.25> Zhen 8b#9A0.17> S oab1Kb28)8%2a99 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 829 S oab %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 869 3or trans'erse retan/ular ross%setional test piee of irular pipe> the idth and thi:ness are -easured on to ends and -iddle of /au/e len/th and the s-allest ross%setional area of three loations is used. The alulation is aordin/ to e&uation 8<19.  There is no speial desription of these test piees in the international standard. In this standard> the desription of -ahined lon/itudinal irular ross%setional test piee of tubular%all thi:ness 8solid9 is added. 61 17 3or tubular test piee> outer dia-eter and the tube%all thi:nesses of four sites are -easured on its one end in ortho/onal diretion and the arith-etial -ean is used. The alulation is aordin/ to e&uation 849+ SoMa8%a9 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 849 3or the tubular test piee and the lon/itudinal or trans'erse ross%setional test piee ithout holdin/ ends> the ori/inal ross%setional area an be alulated aordin/ to the -easured len/th> -ass and densit of test piees. The alulation is aordin/ to e&uation 8"69. 5ppend)6 > 8Su//esti'e appendi=9 Test -ethod for the speified 'alue of perenta/e elon/ation after frature A5E The reo--ended -ethod is as follos+ "efore test> a s-all -ar:in/ is -ar:ed on one end of parallel len/th. Then> the di'ider> hih is adusted to /au/e len/th> is used to dra a ar b usin/ this -ar:in/ as entre of irle. the bro:en test piee is :ept on a de'ie and sre is used to fore it a=iall so that the bro:en  piees -a oint to/ether ti/htl. the seond ar is dran b usin/ the ori/inal entre of irle as entre of irle and ori/inal radius as radius. The distane beteen the to ars are -easured b usin/ tool -irosope or other appropriate e&uip-ent to obtain the elon/ation after frature. It is aurate to K#% 0.02--. The surfae of test piee -a be painted before test so that the dron ar is lear. The e=tenso-eter -ethod desribed in point 11.2 an be used as another -ethod for testin/. 5ppend)6 F 8Su//esti'e appendi=9 Shiftin/ -ethod for testin/ perenta/e elon/ation after frature The folloin/ an be used to test the perenta/e elon/ation after frature in order to a'oid srap of test  piee aused b the frature ta:in/ plae in the sope beond desription of point 11.1+ a9 The ori/inal /au/e len/th 8; o9 is di'ided into N e&ual parts before test.  b9 s-bol J is used to indiate the /au/e len/th -ar:in/ of short part after frature and  is used to indiate the e&ual%part -ar:in/ of lon/ part of test piee at frature. The distane beteen this -ar:in/ and frature point is the losest to the distane beteen frature point and the /au/e len/th -ar:in/ J. If the nu-ber of e&ual parts beteen J and  is n> the alulation of perenta/e elon/ation after frature is as follos+ 19 If N%n is an e'en see fi/ure 31a9> the distane beteen J and  is -easured and the distane beteen  to -ar:in/ @> fro- hih there are 8N%n9#2 e&ual parts to -ar:in/ . The perenta/e elon/ation after frature is as folloin/ e&uation 8319+ <8J K 2@ % ; o9#;o = 100E %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 8319 62 29 If N%n is an odd nu-ber see fi/ure 31b9> the distane beteen J and  is -easured and the distane  beteen  to -ar:in/ @’  @V> fro- hih there are 8N%n%19#2  8N%nK19#2 e&ual parts to -ar:in/ . The perenta/e elon/ation after frature is as folloin/ e&uation 8329+ <8J K 2@’ K @V % ; o9#;o = 100E %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 8329  Note+ the shape of holdin/ ends of test piee is she-ati onl. 3i/ure 31+ The she-ati dia/ra- of shiftin/ -ethod 5ppend)6 G 8Su//esti'e appendi=9 ,anual -ethod for testin/ perenta/e total elon/ation at -a=i-u- fore of lon/%shape -aterial 8suh as ire rod> bar  setion -aterial9 The e=tenso-eter -ethod desribed in point 12 an be replaed b folloin/ -anual -ethods. Hoe'er> the e=tenso-eter -ethod should be used in arbitration test. The -ethod of this appendi= is used to -easure the non%proportional elon/ation of lon/est part of test  piee after tensile test at -a=i-u- fore and the perenta/e total elon/ation is alulated aordin/ to this elon/ation. "efore test> the e&ual%part -ar:in/ is -ar:ed on the /au/e len/th and the len/th of to e&ual parts is e&ual to the di'isor of ori/inal /au/e len/th 8; o’9. The -ar:in/ of ori/inal /au/e len/th 8; o’9 is aurate to K#%0.5--. This len/th 8; o’9 is the funtion of perenta/e total elon/ation and should be desribed in the standard of produt. The /au/e len/th after frature 8; u’9 is -easure on the lon/est part of the test  piee after frature and aurate to K#%0.5--. The folloin/ onditions should be satisfied so that the -easure-ent is effeti'e. a9 The distane of -easure-ent one is at least 5d far aa fro- frature point and 2.5d far aa frola-pin/ hun: 8of test -ahine9. 66  b9 The ori/inal /au/e len/th for -easurin/ is at least e&ual to the desribed 'alue in the standard of  produt. The alulation of perenta/e non%proportional elon/ation at -a=i-u- fore is aordin/ to e&uation 8!19+ the elasti -odulus 8D9 is desribed in the standard of relati'e produt. 5ppend)6 918 8Su//esti'e appendi=9 ,ethod of suessi'e appro=i-ations for testin/ proof stren/th> non%proportional e=tension 8R  p9 H1+ The -ethod of suessi'e appro=i-ations is appliable for testin/ the proof stren/th> non%  proportional e=tension of the -etalli -aterial ha'in/ no ob'ious elasti strai/ht se/-ent. Hoe'er> it is also suitable for testin/ the proof stren/th> non%proportional e=tension of the -etalli -aterial ha'in/ elasti strai/ht se/-ent ith hei/ht B0.53 - on the 3ore%D=tension Cur'e ia/ra-. The -ethod of suessi'e appro=i-ations is also appliable for the auto-ati testin/ of tensile test of this propert. H2+ ,ethod The proof stren/th> non%proportional e=tension is deter-ined b usin/ 3ore%D=tension Cur'e ia/ra-. In the test> the fore%e=tension ur'e is dran until at least e=eedin/ the ran/e of the e=peted proof stren/th> non%proportional e=tension. (n the fore%e=tension ur'e> a point < o is rando-l ta:en and set as the fore 3 0 p0.2 hen the proof stren/th> non%proportional e=tension is 0.2E and " 1   1 to points on the ur'e> hih are relati'e to fore 0.1 3 0 p0.2 and 0.5 3 0 p0.2 are also hosen and a beeline 8" 119 is dran throu/h these to points. < se/-ent (C 8(C0.2E; eW n> herein n is a-plifiation of elon/ation9 is interepted fro- the ori/in 8it is orreted if it is neessar9 8to C on the elon/ation a=is9. Then> a beeline C<1> hih is parallel to " 11> is dran throu/h point C and intersets ur'e at < 1 point. If point < 1 and 30 p0.2 is the fore hen the proof non%proportional e=tension is 0.2E. If point < 1 and abo'e steps should be repeated a/ain to appro=i-ate. Si-ilarl> the fore 31 p0.2 of point < 1 is ta:en and "2  2 to points on the ur'e> hih are relati'e to fore 0.1 3 1 p0.2 and 0.5 3 1 p0.2 are also hosen and a beeline 8" 229 is dran throu/h these to points. Then> a beeline C< 2> hih is parallel to " 22> is dran throu/h point C and intersets ur'e at < 2 point. In suh a approah to appro=i-ate /raduall until the intersetion point < n and non%proportional e=tension R  p0.2. The slope of the finall obtained beeline " nn an be used as referene slope to deter-ine other proof stren/th> non%proportional e=tension nor-all.  Note+  There is no desription of this appendi= in the international standard. The -ethod of this appendi= is appliable for the auto-ati testin/ of tensile test. 64 1 1$ 3ore Dlon/ation 3i/ure H1+ ,ethod of suessi'e appro=i-ations for testin/ proof stren/th> non%proportional e=tension 8R  p9 5ppend)6 I1! 8Su//esti'e appendi=9 D=a-ples of fore%dishar/in/ -ethod for testin/ per-anent set stren/th 8R r0.29 Test -aterial+ steel> the e=peted per-anent set stren/th R t0.2[$00N#--2. Test di-ensions+ d10.00--  S o7$.54--2. D=tenso-eter+ ath%li:e e=tenso-eter> 1%/radu aura> ; e50-- and eah unit sale is 0.01--. Test -ahine+ -a=i-u- -easure-ent ran/e is 200:N and dial ran/e is 100:N. Test rate+ aordin/ to the re&uire-ent of point 10.1.1.4. <ordin/ to the e=peted per-anent set stren/th> the pretension orrespondin/ to 10E stress is alulated as follos+ 3oR t0.2 W So = 10E)2$6.2N It is )000N after roundin/. the onditional null point of e=tenso-eter is 1 unit sale. The /au/e len/th of e=tenso-eter is 50--. the per-anent e=tension of the tested per-anent set stren/th R t0.2 is 50=0.2E0.1--. It is on'erted into unit sale nu-ber of e=tenso-eter herein> 'i.> 0.1#0.0110 8unit sale9. 3ro- applin/ fore for the first ti-e fro- point 3 o to the test piee ha'in/ total e=tension on the /au/e len/th of e=tenso-eter 8orrespondin/ to unit sale nu-ber of e=tenso-eter9+ 10K81%2911%12 8unit sale9. "eause the onditional null point of e=tenso-eter is 1 unit sale> total is 16 unit sales. The fore is -aintained for 10%12s and then dereased to 3 o. The readin/ of e=tenso-eter is 2.6 unit sales at this -o-ent> 'i.> the per-anent e=tension is 1.6 unit sales.  Note+  There is no desription of this appendi= in the international standard. It is added to pro'ide a e=a-ple of per-anent set stren/th R t0.2. 65 1 1* The fore is applied for the seond ti-e until the readin/ of e=tenso-eter is as follos+ 16 unit sales 8last readin/9 plus 10 unit sales 8the proof per-anent e=tension9 -inus 1.6 unit sales 8the obtained per-anent e=tension9 plus 1%2 unit sales> 'i.> 16K810%1.69K226.7 unit sales. The fore is -aintained for 10%12s and dereased to 3o to obtain 7.6 unit sales of per-anent e=tension. The fore is applied for the seond ti-e until the readin/ of e=tenso-eter is as follos+ 26.7K810% 7.69K127.4 unit sales. The test ontinues until the readin/ of per-anent e=tension is e&ual to or li/htl -ore than 10 unit sales. The test reord is in table I1. The alulation of per-anent set stren/th R t0.2 is as follos+ 3t0.2810.5%109=)1000K810%*.79=)2000#810.5%*.79)1675N <ordin/l+ R t0.2 )1675#7$.547$1.45N#-- 2 <ordin/ to the re&uire-ent of table 5> the result after roundin/ off is as follos+ fore#N )000 41000 57000 )1000 )2000 Table I1+ Reords of fore%per-anent e=tension data readin/ of e=tenso-eter under readin/ of e=tenso-eter under applin/ fore 8unit sale9  pretension 8unit sale9 1.0 %% 16.0 2.6 26.0 $.6 27.4 10.7 2$.7 11.5  per-anent e=tension 8unit sale9 %% 1.6 7.6 *.7 10.5 5ppend)6 ? 8Su//esti'e appendi=9 Drror au-ulati'e -ethod for esti-atin/ testin/ unertaint of tensile test F1+ 3oreord The -ethod and essentials of esti-atin/ testin/ unertaint of tensile test are put forard aordin/ to the error au-ulati'e priniple> the re&uire-ents of -easure-ent error desribed b standards of test -ethod  'erifiation. "eause different -aterials ha'e different responses on different ontrol  para-eters> suh as strain rate or stress rate> it is not possible to obtain unifor- testin/ unertaint for all -aterials. The error au-ulati'e -ethod pro'ided herein -a be onsidered as upper li-it of unertaint tested in laborator aordin/ to the test of this standard 81%/rade test -ahine and 1%/rade e=tenso-eter9. It is to be noted that the testin/ unertaint is onsidered as the inherent dispersion aused b so-e inherent fators> suh as non%unifor-it of -aterial hen the total dispersion of test result is e'aluated. The soures of influene on to dispersions an not be separated out throu/h the -ethod of analsis and statistis of o-parati'e test /i'en in appendi= G. hih -a ensure the  propert of -aterial. The seleted standard -aterial 8CR,9 used for tensile testin/ at a-bient te-perature 6) is the standard Ni%Cr allo 8Ni-oni 759 ha'in/ 14-- dia-eter. The ei/ht of eah bath of this -aterial is 1t. It is under ertifin/ proedure of Duropean Co--unit "ureau o f Referene 8"CR9. F2+ Dsti-ation of unertaint F2.1 The para-eter unrelated to -aterial There is o-parati'el suffiient de'elop-ent of error au-ulati'e -ethod> herein the errors aused  b 'arious soures of error are au-ulati'e to/ether. Reentl> the esti-ation of aura and unertaint is desribed b to IS( dou-ents 8IS( 5725%2 and !uidane of D=pression of Testin/ Onertaint9. The on'entional poer  root -ethods are used in folloin/ analsis. In table F1> the e=peted 'alues of errors and unertainties of 'arious test para-eters of tensile propert are /i'en. In priniple> so-e tensile  properties an be tested b hi/her aura beause of the harateristis of stress%strain ur'e. 3or e=a-ple> upper ield stren/th R eH is onl dependent on testin/ errors of fore and ross%setional area and proof stren/th is dependent on the testin/ errors of fore> distortion 8displae-ent9> /au/e len/th and ross%setional area. 3or perenta/e redution of area 8@9> the testin/ errors of ross%setional area before and after tests should be onsidered. Table F1+ eter-ination of the -a=i-u- alloable testin/ unertaint of data of tensile test 8poer  root -ethods are used9 Para-eters Drrors of tensile propert#E R eH R e; R R  p < @ 3ore 1 1 1 1 %% %% Strain19 8displae-ent9 %% %% %% 1 1 %% !au/e len/th ;19o %% %% %% 1 1 %% So 1 1 1 1 %% 1 Su %% %% %% %% %% 2 D=peted 'alue of unertaint K#%L2 K#%L2 K#%L2 K#%L4 K#%L2 K#%L5 19 Suppose aordin/ to 'erified 1%/rade e=tenso-eter. F2.2 The para-eter related to -aterial 3or tensile testin/ at a-bient te-perature> the tensile properties that -aterials are ob'iousl affeted b strain%rate 8or stress%rate9 ontrol para-eters are R eH> R e; and R  p. tensile stren/th R - is also relati'e to strain rate. In the test> the strain rate hih is -uh hi/her than the tested R  p is /enerall used for testin/ so that its sensiti'it to the effet of strain rate is less. In priniple> the effet of strain rate on propert of -aterial is tested before alulatin/ au-ulati'e error 8see fi/ure F1  fi/ure F29. The li-ited data is appliable and folloin/ e=a-ples an also be used to esti-ate the testin/ unertaint of so-e -aterials. In table F2  F6> a /roup of tpial data e=a-ples> in hih the -aterial is affeted b the ran/e of strain rate desried in the standard. ,eanhile> the effet of strain rate on the desribed stren/th of se'eral tpes of -aterial is /i'en in table F2. Table F2+ D=a-ples of the effet on the proof stren/th R  p0.2 at a-bient te-perature in the alloable ran/e of strain rates desribed in the standard -aterials no-inal o-ponents R p0.2    a'era/e# effet of strain rate e&ui'alent error#E 2 8N#-- 9 on R  p0.2#E 67 C%,n%3e8rest9 )$0 615 0.1 1.$ K#%0.5 K#%0.* 17Cr> 11Ni%3e8rest9 265 ).$ K#%6.4  Ni allo+ NiCr20Ti 1$Cr> 53e> 2Co%Ni8rest9  NiCrCoTi 20Co> 6Ti> 1.5,o  625 7*0 2.$ 1.* K#%1.4 K#%0.*5 ferrite steel+ pipeline Cr%,o%?%3e8rest9 steel  plate steel 83e4609 austeniti steel+ J5CrNi,o17%12%2 1.5 half 'alue of the effet on the proof stren/th at a-bient te-perature in the ran/e of strain rates desribed in the standard is ta:en and used as e&ui'alent error. 3or e=a-ple> the effet on the proof stren/th R  p0.2 of J5CrNi,o17%12%2 stainless steel is ).$E in the alloable ran/e of strain rate. That -eans its half is e&ual to K#%6.4E error. Hene> the total unertaint of J5CrNi,o17%12% 2 stainless steel is as follos+ K#%L822K6.429K#%L15.)K#%6.*E Table F6+ D=a-ples of e=peted 'alues of total testin/ unertaint of the proof stren/th at a-bient te-perature tested aordin/ to this standard -aterials R p0.2   a'era/e# 'alues fro- table 'alues froe=peted 'alues of 8N#--29 F1#E table F2#E total testin/ unertaint #E ferrite steel+ pipeline steel )$0 K#%2 K#%0.05 K#%2.0  plate steel 83e4609 615 K#%2 K#%0.* K#%2.2 austeniti steel+ 265 K#%2 K#%6.4 K#%6.* J5CrNi,o17%12%2  Ni allo+ NiCr20Ti  NiCrCoTi hih is in aordane ith the !uidane of D=pression of Testin/ Onertaint. This or: is /oin/ to be started after the opti-al -ethod is reo--end to use b the Duropean ;aborator and IS( di'isions finall. "esides> there are also other fators to affet tensile propert> suh as test piee bendin/> -ethod of holdin/ test piee> ontrol -ode of test piee> i.e.> the ontrol -ode of e=tenso-eter or ross head. The -a all affet testin/ tensile propert. Hoe'er> the effet of other fators an not be inluded in au-ulati'e error beause there are no suffiient appliable &uantitati'e data to utilie at present. It should be pointed out that onl the esti-ation of unertaint aused b testin/ tehnolo/ an be /i'en b 6$ this error au-ulati'e -ethod. It an not /i'e the alloable tolerane for the inherent dispersi'it of test data aused b non%unifor-it of -aterial. 3inall> it should be :non that a appliable -ethod should be pro'ided to a'oid the total testin/ unertaint aused b test -ahine> inludin/ the la-pin/ hun:> hih is not appro'ed to be &ualified at present> and bendin/ after the appropriate standard -aterial is a'ailable. ,a=. e=peted stress error   Note+ plasti strain rate> unit is 8--#--9 W -in%1 3i/ure F1+ Chan/e of loer ield stren/th 8R e;9 of plate steel alon/ ith strain rate 8a-bient te-perature9  Note+ plasti strain rate> unit is 8--#--9 W -in%1 3i/ure F2+ Chan/e of proof stren/th R  p0.2 of NiCr20Ti allo alon/ ith strain rate 822 oC9 6* 5ppend)6 @  8Su//esti'e appendi=9 Preision of the tensile testthe test result of laborator G1+ The reason of unertaint in tensile test The aura of tensile test is affeted b -an fators> suh as -aterial> test piee> test e&uip-ent> test  proedure> alulation -ethod of -ehanial propert and so on. In detail> the folloin/ fators -a ause unertaint in tensile test %%the non%unifor-it of -aterial> hih e=ists in the sa-e bath of the sa-e furnaeY %%the /eo-etr> preparation -ethod and tolerane of the test pieeY %%the la-pin/ -ethod and a=is diretion of fore appliationY %%test -ahine of tensile test and aessorial -easure-ent sste- 8ri/idit and -ethods of dri'e> ontrol  operation9Y %%-easure-ent of di-ensions of test piee> -ar:in/ of /au/e len/th> /au/e len/th of e=tenso-eter> -easure-ent of fore and elon/ationY %%the test te-perature and loadin/ rate on eah sta/e of testY %%the softare error due to hu-an aused -ista:es or the softare error relati'e to deter-ination of tensile  propert The effets of abo'e fators an not be e=a-ined b the re&uire-ent and tolerane of this standard. The unertaint> hih is lose to the result of industrial test ondition> an be deter-ined throu/h laborator test. Hoe'er> the error relati'e -aterial an not be separated fro- the error aused b test -ethod. G2+ Proedure The results of laborator tests 8test <> test "  test C9 sho so-e tpial e=a-ples of unertaint> hih are obtained hen the -etalli -aterial is tested. < fi=ed nu-ber of rou/h test piees are seleted rando-l fro- the -aterials> hih are tested. Then> the unifor-it of seleted rou/h test piees is he:ed in order to pro'ide the inherent dispersion 8'ariane\\9 of -ehanial propert of rou/h test piee itself. the rou/h test piees are sent to eah laborator to prepare test piees b -ahinin/ aordin/ to the nor-al re&uire-ent of drain/ of eah laborator. It is onl re&uired that the test piee and test itself should -eet the re&uire-ent of relati'e standard. It is su//ested that the sa-e operator uses the sa-e test -ahine to o-plete the test as soon as  possible. In table G1> G2  G6> three tpes of errors are e=pressed b the relati'e unertaint oeffiient+ OCt8K#%92Sr LJ 8E9 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 8G19 OC;8K#%92S;LJ 8E9 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 8G29 OCR 8K#%92SR LJ 8E9 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 8G69 Therein> Jtotal a'era/eY S esti-ation 'alue of the repeated standard de'iation in laboratorY t S; esti-ation 'alue of 'ariation de/ree of laboratorY SR  esti-ation 'alue of aura of test -ethod+ reproduible standard de'iation 40 The 'alues are all in the onfidene inter'al lose to *5E of J. It is re&uired to alulate eah -aterial and eah propert. G6+ Test result of test < 8international9 Test -aterials+ steel and alloY  Nu-ber of laboratories for testin/+ )Y  Nu-ber of test piees of eah -aterial in eah laborator+ )Y Test piee+ irular ross%setional test piee ith a 12.5-- dia-eter and )2.5-- /au/e len/th 85%ti-e dia-eter test piee9Y Test result+ the test result is in table G1. The loer ield stren/th 8R e;9 and 0.2Eproof stren/th 8R  p0.29 are not differentiated. G4+ Test result of test " 8international9 Test -aterials+ steelY  Nu-ber of laboratories for testin/+ 1$Y  Nu-ber of test piees of eah -aterial in eah laborator+ 5Y Test piee+ 819 The sheet -etal ith 2.5-- thi:ness. The test piee has a retan/ular ross setion and the idth is 20--  /au/e len/th is $0--. 829 The bar -aterial has a irular ross setion ith a 10-dia-eter and the /au/e len/th is 50-- 85%ti-e dia-eter test piee9Y Test result+ the test result is in table G2. The loer ield stren/th 8R e;9 and 0.2Eproof stren/th 8R  p0.29 are not differentiated. G5+ Test result of test C 8do-esti9 Test -aterials+ steel and alu-inu- alloY  Nu-ber of laboratories for testin/+ 14Y  Nu-ber of test piees of eah -aterial in eah laborator+ 5Y Test piee+ 819 The sheet -etal ith A6-- thi:ness. The test piee has a retan/ular ross setion and the idth is 12.5--  /au/e len/th is 50--. 829 The sheet -etal ith B6-- thi:ness. The test piee has a retan/ular ross setion and the idth is 20--  /au/e len/th is 5.)5LS o. 869 3or the oiled bar -aterial> the non%-ahined test piee is used and /au/e len/th is 50--. 849 The bar -aterial has a irular ross setion ith a 10-- dia-eter and the /au/e len/th is 50-- 85%ti-e dia-eter test piee9Y Test result+ the test result is in table G6. -aterials  brand Table G1+ The result of tensile test in laborator of Test < 8international9 alu-inualu-inuarbon steel austeniti ni:el allo stainless steel DC%H1* 2024%T651 C22 J7CrNi,o17%12% -artensite stainless steel  NiCr153e$ J12Cr16 irular ross setion irular ross setion 2 test piee irular ross irular setion ross setion irular ross setion R  p0.2#8N#--29 41 irular ross setion Total <'era/e OCr  # E OC;# E OCR #E Total <'era/e OCr  # E OC;# E OCR #E Total <'era/e OCr  # E OC;# E OCR #E Total <'era/e OCr  # E OC;# E OCR #E -aterials  brand test piee Total <'era/e OCr  # E OC;# E OCR #E 15$.4 4.12 0.42 4.14 17*.* 4.*0 % 4.*0 14.)1 $.14 4.0* *.10 7*.14 4.$) 1.4) 5.0$ 6)2.* 2.$2 0.*$ 2.*$ 4*1.6 2.$4 1.00 2.)) 402.4 2.$4 4.04 4.*4 4$0.1 2.74 7.)) $.14 R -#8N#--29 5*).* 1.40 2.40 2.7$ 2)$.6 1.$) 6.*4 4.6) *)7.5 1.$4 2.72 6.2$ )*4.) 0.7$ 2.2$ 2.40 )*5.* 0.$) 1.1) 1.44 1.256 0.50 1.1) 1.2) $.04 ).*4 17.5$ 1$.*0 <#E 25.)6 ).00 $.1$ 10.12 65.*6 6.*6 14.6) 14.*0 41.5$ 6.22 7.00 7.12 12.6* 7.22 16.70 15.4$ 60.61 16.$0 1*24 26.)) @#E )5.5* 2.5) 2.$$ 2.$$ 71.4* 2.7$ 6.54 6.54 5*.64 2.2$ 0.$$ 0.)$ 50.4* 7.6$ 16.7$ 15.)2 Table G2+ The result of tensile test in laborator of Test " 8international9 lo%arbon austeniti strutural steel austeniti stainless hi/h te-per steel stainless steel steel steel HR68IS(9 J2CrNi1$%10 3e510C8IS(9 J2CrNi,o1$%10 60NiCr,o%1) retan/ular retan/ular irular ross irular ross irular ross ross setion ross setion setion setion setion 22$.) 4.*2 ).56 $.17 R  p0.2#8or R e;9 8N#-- 29 606.$ 6)7.4 2.47 2.47 ).0) 4.42 ).44 5.07 656.6 5.2* 5.77 7.07 106*.* 1.16 1.)4 1.** )22.5 1.6) 2.71 6.02 11)7.$ 0.)1 1.62 1.45 R - 8N#--29 Total <'era/e OCr  # E OC;# E OCR #E 665.2 1.14 4.$) 4.0* 5*4.0 2.)6 2.$$ 2.*$ 552.4 1.25 1.42 1.*0 <#E 42 Total <'era/e OCr  # E OC;# E OCR #E ;o$0-6$.41 10.44 7.*7 16.$0 61.44 ).41 12.4) 14.01 ;o5d 51.$) 6.$2 12.04 12.)5 1).)* 7.07 11.20 16.2) 71.6$ 2.05 1.71 2.)$ 77.*4 1.** 5.25 5.)2 )5.5* 2.45 2.11 6.26 52.47 6.$1 12.00 12.5* @#E Total <'era/e OCr  # E OC;# E OCR #E Table G6+ The result of tensile test in laborator of Test C 8do-esti9 steel alu-inu- alu-inusteel steel steel allo allo st1) ;35, ;12C@ 265< 265 "4$0 -aterials  brand test piee steel 40Cr  retan/ular retan/ular retan/ular retan/ular irular ross retan/ular irular ross ross setion ross setion ross setion ross setion setion ross setion setion ith ith to%side ith to%side ith to%side ith to%side ithout ith to%side -ahinin/ 8heat -ahinin/ Total <'era/e OCr  # E OC;# E OCR #E 145.5* 7.57 14.0) 15.*7 -ahinin/ 1)).2$ 2.*7 6.)2 4.)* -ahinin/ -ahinin/ -ahinin/ -ahinin/ R  p0.2 8N#--29 625.1$ 6.65 4.57 5.)) treat-ent9 *$4.62 1.*7 % 1.*7 R eH#8N#--29 Total <'era/e OCr  # E OC;# E OCR #E 615.6* 4.02 6.*7 5.)5 417.44 4.17 0.$4 4.2) R e;#8N#--29 Total <'era/e OCr  # E OC;# E OCR #E 60*.)5 2.$7 $.57 *.00 657.07 ).*7 6.47 7.7$ 401.2* 2.54 2.*4 6.$* R -#8N#--29 Total <'era/e OCr  # E OC;# E 2$7.*4 601.01 451.)7 45).*) 516.26 527.22 10$2.)* 2.67 1.15 6.1) 1.$5 4.$7 1.$$ ).10 6.46 6.)1 2.7* ).07 2.$7 1.7) %%%%% 46 OCR #E 4.1) 6.7* 4.22 ).66 5.)) 2.5$ ).10 <#E Total <'era/e OCr  # E OC;# E OCR #E 4).0) 7.6) 16.52 15.40 25.06 10.)4 ).40 12.42 66.50 *.51 ).61 11.41 2*.$$ 11.6$ 16.5* 1$.01 66.56 10.)4 7.$) 16.26 15.5* 14.17 7.$* 1).22 @#E Total <'era/e OCr  # E OC;# E OCR #E 57.*7 6.41 1.)2 6.7$ 5ppend)6 420 8Su//esti'e appendi=9 Cross referene of ne and old standard na-es of properties and s-bols The na-es of properties and s-bols of the standard are different fro- those of for-er standard. The are listed in table ;1 and ;2 for ross referene ;1+ Cross referene of na-es of properties Current standard 3or-er standard  Na-es of Properties s-bols Na-es of Properties s-bols Perenta/e redution of area @ Perenta/e redution of area ] Perenta/e elon/ation after frature < Perenta/e elon/ation after frature ^5 <11.6 ^10 <=-^=-Perenta/e total elon/ation after frature non%proportional R  p Proof stress> non%proportional elon/ation ^ p suh as R  p0.2 suh as ^ p0.2 e=tension Proof stren/th> total e=tension Rt   Proof stress> total elon/ation ^t suh as R t0.5 Per-anent set stren/th suh as ^t0.5 Rr    Per-anent set stress  Note+  There is no this appendi= in the international standard. 2 20 44 ^r  suh as R r0.2 Tensile stren/th suh as ^r0.2 R-   Tensile stren/th ^ b ;2+ Cross referene of s-bols Cross referene of s-bols is in table ;2. urrent standard Table ;2+ Cross referene of s-bols for-er standard urrent standard 45 for-er standard