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GUIA DE TRABAJO
Lea atentamente el texto. Escriba los datos más importantes en su agenda o libreta de apuntes. Responda los ejercicios que se proponen. VERBO "TO BE"
El verbo "to be" en inglés es equivalente a los verbos "ser" y "estar" en castellano. Su declinación en el presente del indicativo (simple present) es la siguiente:
Yo soy/estoy Tu eres/estás El/ella es/está Nosotros somos/estamos Vosotros sois/estáis Ellos/ellas son/están
Simple Present del verbo "To Be" I am You are He/she/it is We are You are They are
Se suelen utilizar contracciones de estas formas; La forma completa y la contraída son igualmente correctas, aunque la contraída es algo más informal. Afirmativa Afirmativa forma completa I am You are He / she / it is We are You are They are
forma contraída I´m you´re you´r e he´s / she´s / it´s we´re you´re you´r e they´re
Negación Negación (sujeto + verbo + not ) forma completa forma contraída I am not I´m not You are not you aren´t He / she / it is not he / she / it isn´t We are not we aren´t You are not you aren´t They are not they aren´t Interrogación (verbo + sujeto) respuesta breve + respuesta breve – Am I ...? Yes, I am No, I´m not Are you...? Yes, you are No, you aren´t Is he / she / it ....? Yes, he/she/it is No, he/she/it isn´t Are we...? Yes, we are No, we aren´t Are you....? Yes, you are No, you aren´t Are they....? they....? Yes, they are No, they aren´t
Ejemplos: Ejemplos: Are you a student? Yes, I am. 1
Is she your friend? Yes, she is. Are they your classmates? No, they aren´t. Su declinación en tiempo pasado (simple past): Simple Past del verbo "To Be" Afirmativa
Yo era/estaba (fui/estuve) Tu eras/estabas (fuiste/estuviste) El/ella era/estaba (fue/estuvo) Noso Nosotro tros s éramo éramos/ s/est estába ábamo mos s (fuimo (fuimos/e s/estu stuvi vimo mos) s) Vosotro otros s era erais/e is/es staba abais (fu (fuiste isteis is/e /es stuv tuvist isteis eis) Ellos/ellas er eran/estaban (f (fueron/estuvieron) Negación (sujeto + verbo + not ) forma completa I was not You were not He/she/it was not We were not You were not They were not
I was You were He/she/it was We wer were e You were They were
forma contraída I wasn´t you weren´t he/she/it wasn´t we weren´t you weren´t they weren´t
Interrogación (verbo + sujeto) respuesta breve + respuesta breve – Was I ...? Yes, I was No, I wasn´t Were you...? Yes, you were No, you weren´t Was he/she/it ....? Yes, he/she/it was No, he/she/it wasn´t Were we...? Yes, we were No, we weren´t Were you....? Yes, you wer No, you weren´t Were they....? they....? Yes, they were No, they weren´t Ejemplos: Ejemplos: Were you a student? Yes, I was. Was she your friend? Yes, she was. Were they your classmates? No, they weren´t. El verbo "to be" se puede utilizar como un verbo ordinario y en este caso sirve para dar información sobre el sujeto: I am old. Yo soy mayor The car is red. El coche es rojo It is cold. Hace frio (el día está frio) También se utiliza como verbo auxiliar para formar las formas continuas: I am am ru running ing. Yo es estoy corr orriend endo I was was runn runnin ing. g. Yo est estab aba a cor corri rien endo do Y para construir la forma pasiva: The The tabl table e is made made of wood. wood. La mes mesa a está está hech hecha a de mader madera a Otro uso del verbo "to be" es seguido de infinitivo y se utiliza para dar órdenes de una manera un tanto impersonal, especialmente con la 3ª persona, o también para comunicar un plan: He is to solv solve e tha thatt pro probl blem em.. They are to help you. I am to travel next week.
El deb debe e res resol olve verr ese ese prob proble lem ma Ellos deben ayudarte Voy a viajar la próxima semana 2
VOCABULARIO Chaleco Corbata Camisa Camiseta Traje Ropa interior Camiseta (interior) Calzoncillo Sujetador Calcetín Bragas
Sombrero Bufanda Gabardina Abrigo Chaqueta Guante Pantalones Zapato Bota Zapatilla Pijama Vestido
Hat Scarf Raincoat Coat Jacket Glove Pants Shoe Boat Slipper Pyjamas Dress
Infinitivo/Presente To stand To come up To wake To be To stand To beat To become To happen To procreate To begin
VERBOS Significado soportar surgir despertar ser / estar aguantar golpear llegar a ser ocurrir procrear empezar
Forma pasada stood came up woke was stood beat became happened procreated began
Vest Tie Shirt T-shirt Suit Underwear Vest Shorts Bra Sock Panties
Participio stood come up woke been stood beaten become happened procreated begun
EJERCICIOS Verb to be – Simple Present 1. Write am, is or are. 1. Mary ...... a teacher. 2. My friends ...... Italian. 3. They ...... doctors. 4. She ...... from Holland. 5. I ...... an engineer. 6. Paul ...... very tall. 7. London ...... the capital of England. 8. We ...... American. 9. Mary and Eve ...... from Russia. 10. Your parents ...... teachers. 2. Write the sentences in exercise exercise 1 in the short form, when possible . 1. Mary´s a teacher . 6. 2. 7. 3. 8. 4. 9. 5. 10. 3. Write these sentences in the negative (short form) . 1. Luke´s a student. …………………………………………………………….. 2. Laura and Gabriel are friends. …………………………………………………………….. 3. You´re from Spain. …………………………………………………………….. 4. He´s my neighbour. …………………………………………………………….. 3
5. We´re Italian. …………………………………………………………….. www.english-area.com Los mejores recursos gratuitos para aprender y enseñar inglés 4. Write am, is or are. Then, write short answers. 1. ...... you a student? ......, ........... 5. ....... you French? ......., ......... 2. ...... your mother a doctor? ......., ......... 6. ....... your neighbour from Spain?....... 3. ...... your friends nice? ......, ........... 7. ....... it sunny now? ......., ......... 4. ...... Dublin in Ireland? ........, ........... 8. ....... Sydney in Australia? ........, ......... www.english-area.com Los mejores recursos gratuitos para aprender y enseñar inglés Verb to be – Simple Past 1. Complete. I was You ...... He ...... She ...... It ...... We were You ....... They ....... 2. Complete with was or were. 1. John ...... at home last week. 2. They ...... at the cinema yesterday. 3. Your parents ...... at the station at nine o´clock. 4. Mary ...... in the street this morning. 5. My aunt ...... in hospital yesterday morning. 6. I ...... at school this morning. 7. Jill and Kevin ...... at the zoo las Sunday. 8. We ...... in a Chinese restaurant last night. 3. Write these sentences in the negative form . 1. Mum was at home this morning. ............................ ......................................... ........................... ............................ .......................... ............ 2. Paul and Mary were in the shop. ............................ ......................................... ........................... ............................ .......................... ............ 3. His friends were very happy yesterday afternoon. ............................ ......................................... .......................... ............. 4. I was late for the cinema. ............................ ......................................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ....................... ......... 5. We were at home to watch a film on TV. .................................................................... 4. Answer these questions with short answers, as in the example. example . 1. Were you at home last night? Yes, I was / No, I wasn´t 2. Was it hot yesterday? ...................................... 3. Were your friends at home last Monday? ..................................... 4. Was your father at work this morning? ..................................... 5. Were you in class yesterday morning? ..................................... Answers Exercise 1: 1. is 2. are 3. are 4. is 5. am 4
6. is 7. is 8. are 9. are 10. are Exercise 2: 2. My friends are Italian 3. They´re doctors 4. She´s from Holland 5. I´m an engineer. 6. Paul´s very tall 7. London´s the capital of England. 8. We´re American. 9. Mary and Eve are from Russia. 10. Your Your parents are teachers. Exercise 3: 1. Luke´s not a student 2. Laura and Gabriel aren´t friends 3. You You aren´t from Spain/You´re Spain/You´re not from Spain. 4. He isn´t my neighbour/He´s not my neighbour 5. We aren´t Italian/We´re not Italian. Exercise 4: 1. Are you a student? Yes, I am/no, I´m not 2. Is your mother a doctor? Yes, she is/no she isn´t 3. Are your friends nice? Yes, they are/no they aren´t 4. Is Dublin in Ireland? Yes, it is. www.english-area.com Los mejores recursos gratuitos para aprender y enseñar inglés 5. Are you French? Yes, I am/no, I´m not. 6. Is your neighbour from Spain? Yes he/she is / no, he/she isn´t 7. Is it sunny now? Yes, it is / no, it isn´t 8. Is Sydney in Australia? Yes, it is. Answers Exercise 1: I was You were He was She was It was We were You were They were Exercise 2: 1. John was at home last week. 2. They were at the cinema yesterday. 3. Your parents were at the station at nine o´clock. 4. Mary was in the street this morning. 5. My aunt was in hospital yesterday morning. 6. I was at school this morning. 7. Jill and Kevin were at the zoo last Sunday. 8. We were in a Chinese restaurant last night. Exercise 3: 1. Mum wasn´t at home this morning. 2. Paul and Mary weren´t in the shop. 3. His friends weren´t very happy yesterday afternoon. 4. I was late for the cinema. 5. We weren´t at home to watch a film on TV. Exercise 4: 5
2. Yes, it was / no, it wasn´t 3. Yes, they were / no, they weren´t 4. Yes, he was / no he wasn´t 5. Yes, they were / no, they weren´t
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