Transcript
Page 1: Fundamental constants -2
Gravity acceleration
g
9.81 ms
Gravitational constant
G
6.67 x 10
-11
23
Avogadro's constant
N 6.02 x 10
A
2
-1
mol
-1
-1
Gas constant
R
8.31 JK mol
Boltzmann's constant
k
1.38 x 10
Stefan-Boltzmann constant
W
Coulomb
constant
-23
JK
-1
-8
-2
5.67 x 10 Wm K 9
k
2
-2
-12
2
I0
8.85 x 10
Permeability of free space
Q0
4T x 10 TmA
Speed of light in vacuum
c
3.00 x 10 ms
8
-2
-1
-34
6.63 x 10
Charge
e
1.60 x 10
me
9.11 x 10
mp
1.673 x 10
Proton rest mass
-1
N m
-1
h
rest mass
C
-7
Planck's constant
Electron
-4
8.99 x 10 Nm C
Permittivity of free space
on electron
-2
Nm kg
Js
-19
C
-31
kg = 0.000549 u = 0.511 MeV/c
-27
2
-27
Neutron rest mass
mn
1.675 x 10
Unified atomic mass unit
u
1.661 x 10
2
kg = 1.007276 u = 938 MeV/c
-27
2
kg = 1.008665 u = 940 MeV/c 2
kg = 931.5 MeV/c
Page 2 : SI prefixes and unit conversions 12
9
6
3
2
1
tera = T = 10 , giga = G = 10 , mega = M = 10 , kilo = k =10 , hecto = h = 10 , deca = da = 10 , deci = d -1 -2 -3 -6 -9 -12 = 10 , centi = c = 10 , milli = m = 10 , micro = Q = 10 , nano = n = 10 , pico = p = 10 , femto = f = 10 15
15
1 light year (ly) = 9.46 x 10
m
1 parsec = 3.26 ly
1 astronomical unit(AU) = 1.50 x 10 6
11
1 kilowatt-hour (kWh) = 3.60 x 10 J
m
o
1 radian (rad) = 180 /T 5
-2
1 atm = 1.01 x 10 Nm =101 kPa = 760 mmHg
Page 3 : Electrical circuit symbols Symbols are given for: cell, battery, lamp, ac supply, switch, ammeter, v oltmeter, galvanometer, resistor, potentiometer, transformer, heating element
Page 4 : Measurement and mechanics AH = AcosU
Horizontal and vertical components of the vector A:
AV = AsinU
Uncertainties: If y = a s b then (y = (a + (b If y = ab/c then (y/y = (a/a + (b/b + (c/c
v = (s/(t
a = (v/(t
2
g = F/m
g = Gm/r
Page 5 : Mechanics v = u + at
s = ((u+v)/2)t s = ut + ½at
2
2
2
v = u + 2as
s : displacement, t : time, u : initial speed, v : final speed, a : acceleration
F = ma
p =mv
Impulse = F(t = (p
W = (Fss =) Fs cosU
P (= E/t or W/t) = work/time = Fv
2
2
2
a = v /r = 4T r/T
X = Fr sin 5
F = (p/(t
Ek
= ½mv
Ek
2
F = (-) kx
Ffr = QkN and Ffr < or = QsN
2
= p / 2m
Ep
= mgh
Eelas
= ½kx
2
2
F = Gm 1m2/r constant Page 6
Ep
= -Gm 1m2/r
2
V = -Gm/r
Thermal physics and Waves
Q = mc(T
Q = mL
p = F/A
(Q = (U + (W
(W = p(V
efficiency = (QH - QC)/ QH
L = Carnot efficiency = (TH - T
C
d sin 5 = n n2sin52
P
s = PD / d
= TC/TH
(Carnot cycle)
f beat = f 1 - f 2
f' = f ( 1 / (1 s vs/v))
Moving source:
pV = nRT
QC/QH
)/ TH
v = f P
f = 1/T
f' = f (1 s vo/v)
Moving observer:
sin 51 / sin 52 = v1 / v2
n=c/v
n1sin51 =
Page 7 : Electricity and magnetism, electromagnetism 2
F = kq1q2/r where k = 1/4TI0
E
= - (V / (x
I=
3
T /R
( q / (t
E
E
=V/d
R=V/I
=F/q
E
2
= kq / r
V = kq/r where k = 1/4 TI0
2
2
P = VI = I R = V /R
1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2
B = Q0I / 2Tr
B = Q0NI/L = Q0nI
F = qvBsin U
F/L = Q0I1I2/2Tr
I = BLv
R = R1 + R2
F = ILBsin U
* = BAcosU
=
I = - N(*/(t Np/Ns
Irms = I0 / 2
Vrms = V0/ 2
Vp/Vs =
Page 8 : Atomic, nuclear and quantum physics E
2
= mc
E
hf = + Ek,max
p = h/P
= hf
N = N0e P
- t
hf = hf 0 + eVs
T½=ln 2/P
Page 9-10 : SL options Page 11 : Biomedical physics and The history and development of physics -12
F = 10 log ( I / I 0 ) where I0 = 10
Wm
-2
- x
I = I0e Q
x½ = ln2/Q
Mechanical Advantage = load/effort Velocity Ratio = distance moved by effort/ distance moved by load Absorbed dose = Absorbed Energy / mass
Exposure
= total charge / mass
Dose equivalent = quality factor x Absorbed dose
1 / TE = 1/TB + 1 / TR
1 / P = RH ( 1/n - 1/m ) 2
2
(x(p u h/2T
Page 12 : Astrophysics and Relativity
Pmax = 2.90 x 10-3 / T
4
L = W AT
2
b = L / 4 Td
v = Hd
2
2
K = 1 / ( 1 - v /c )
½
(t = K(t0
d(parsec) = 1 / p(arc-second)
(P / P } v / c
L = L0 / K
(E(t u h/2T
2
ux' = ( ux - v ) / ( 1 - u xv/c )
m = Km0
2
E
2 2
p =Km0u
2 4
= p c + m0 c
E0
(f / f = g(h / c2
2
= m0c
RSch = 2GM / c
E
2
= mc
2
Page 13 : Optics n1sinU1 = n2sinU2 u M = Ui / Uo
n = 1 / sinUc
U=P/b
1/f = 1/u + 1/v
U = 1.22P/b
m = hi / ho = v /
d sinU = nP
