Transcript
Industrial Internship Report
Internship At
M/s. AGRI GOLD PROJECTS LTD. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement For the award of Bachelor of Technology By ANUJ SRIVASTAVA SRIVASTAVA (12D95A0101) & SHUJATH ULLA KHAN (11D91A0195) & Y. SHIVAPRASAD SHIVAPRASAD (11D91A01B4)
Under the guidance of Mr. G. Venkata Ratnam HoD, Civil Engineering Department
Department of Civil Engineering Engineering Aurora’s Scientific, Scientific, Technological Technological and Research Research Academy, (Affiliated by JNTU, Hyderabad) Bandlaguda, near Chandrayanagutta, Hyderabad -500 005 August 2014
CERTIFICATE TO WHOM SO EVER IT MAY CONCERN
This is to certify that Mr. ANUJ SRIVASTAVA, SR IVASTAVA, SHUJATH SHUJATH ULLA KHAN & Y. SHIVAPRASAD bearing a Hall Ticket. No:- 12D95A0101, 11D91A0195 & 11D91A01B4 B.Tech final year Civil Engineering
student of Aurora’s Scientific,
Technological & Research Academy (ASTRA), Chandrayanagutta, Bandlaguda, Hyderabad, has completed their Internship from 18th June June 2014 to 17th August, 2014 in AGRI GOLD PROJECTS LIMITED Agri Gold Towers, 6-3-680/A/B, Thakur Mansion Lane, Near Somajiguda Circle, Punjagutta, Hyderabad – 500082
.
His Conduct during the said Internship period was good and we wish his all success in his future endeavor.
Signature of Head the organization o rganization with seal
Importance of Construction Sector The changes in the political, economic, social and other conditions make different demand on construction sector. Construction being critical to improve the standard of living of the people, there is a need for it to be more active, faster and quality conscious. Construction activities have increased manifold and become progressively more complex. The progressive use of sophisticated technology has made construction capital intensive. The expected growth of construction volume demands sophisticated managerial talent to properly manage these big projects.
Objectives of Construction Sector:
Speed of construction. Control on quality of material and workmanship. Optimum utilization of machinery. Optimum utilization of man power. Economy in construction. Coordination between different agencies involved construction. Facilitate the execution in a planned and efficient manner. Ensures proper utilization of resources.
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Duties of a Supervisor
To verify the standards of materials, quality of workmanship with that of specifications and drawings. To check the process of construction practices followed in the work. To reject the substandard material and to be careful in recommending substitutes.
To assist the contractor in the interpretation of the contractor documents by regular consultation. To maintain good coordination among different agencies connected to the work. To check any mistakes or errors that are observed in the drawing or designs and necessary steps should be taken to rectify such mistakes as early as possible. To have regular check over the control of cost and should be seen that no extra cost is incurred in completing any item of the work. To check the progress of work as per the schedule and all necessary steps should be taken to avoid slow progress of work. To get an idea about the type of equipment and other plant required and the exact time when they are needed.
Various Stages in a Completion of Building
Soil Bearing Capacity Earthwork excavation Foundation Plinth Superstructure and columns Sills, lintels and weather shades Roofs (or) slab Steps and stairs Ground and upper floors Finishes for wall
Soil Bearing Capacity:Bearing capacity is the ability of soil to safely carry the pressure placed on the soil from any engineered structure without undergoing a shear failure with accompanying large settlements. Applying a bearing pressure which is safe with respect to failure does not ensure that settlement of the foundation will be within acceptable limits. Therefore, settlement analysis should generally be performed since most structures are sensitive to excessive settlement. Bearing pressures exceeding the limiting shear resistance of the soil cause collapse of the structure which is usually accompanied by tilting. A bearing capacity failure results in very large downward movements of the structure, typically 0.5 ft. to over 10 ft. in magnitude. A bearing capacity failure of this type usually occurs within 1 day after the first full load is applied to the soil.
Ultimate Bearing Capacity:The generally accepted method of bearing capacity analysis is to assume that the soil below the foundation along a critical plane of failure (slip path) is on the verge of failure and to calculate the bearing pressure applied by the foundation required to cause this failure condition. This is the ultimate bearing capacity (qu).
Objectives of Soil Investigation:
To know the quantities and thickness of underground soil so as to predict the behavior of foundation under loading. To assign the suitable safe bearing capacity of the underlying soil. To determine the depth of the foundation. To select safe and most economical type of foundation. To find the depth of water table.
To make allowances for the likely settlement of foundation.
Earthwork Excavation:Excavation shall include site clearance, careful removal of all the materials of whatever nature and whether dry or wet, exactly in accordance with the lines, levels, grades, curves and dimensions etc. shown on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer-in-Charge. It shall be taken to exact widths and levels of the lowest step of the foundations, footing, basement, etc. and the sides shall be left plumb where the nature of soil permits its. Bottom surfaces and sides of all excavation shall be trimmed and formed to required levels, slops, etc. as directed. The bottom surface of the excavation in rock shall be made as level and true as possible. Before laying the foundation concrete, metal ling, etc. the bottom surfaces shall be sufficiently watered and thoroughly rammed. Earth excavation and grading can be a fascinating part of a construction project. The powerful heavy equipment, used to best advantage by a skilled operator, is a joy to behold. Excavation is often used as a broad term which includes cut (or excavation) and fills (or embankment). Cut is defined as removing material to lower the elevation of an area. Fill is defined as placing material to raise the elevation of an area. Compaction must take place during a fill operation to increase the density of the soil material being placed.
Classification of Soil for ExcavationFor payment to contractors for excavation, the earthworks have been classified into the following categories: 1. Soft/loose soil 2. Hard/dense soil 3. Ordinary rock not requiring blasting
4. Hard rock where blasting is allowed 5. Hard rock where blasting is not allowed If excavation work is given on contract, there should be mutual understanding of these definitions between owner and contractor as payments for excavation of the different categories differ vary widely.
Foundation:Foundation of a structure is like the roots of a tree without which the tree cannot stand. The construction of any structure, be it a residence or a skyscraper; starts with the laying of foundations. Before designing the foundation, the type of soil is determined. Depending on whether the soil is hard soil or soft soil, a specific type of foundation is adopted. The bearing capacity of soil plays a major role in deciding the type of foundation. The safe bearing capacity of soil should be 180N/mm2 to 200N/mm2. Foundations are broadly classified into shallow foundations and deep foundations. The depth of the foundation means the difference of level between the ground surface and the base of the foundation. If the depth of the foundation is greater than its width the foundation is classified as a deep foundation.
1.Shallow Foundations:Shallow foundations are usually placed within a depth D beneath the ground surface less than the minimum width B of the foundation. Shallow foundations consist of spread and continuous footings, wall
footings and mat etc. A spread footing distributes column or other loads from the structure to the soil, where B ≤ W ≤ 10B. A continuous
footing is a spread footing where W > 10B.
2.Deep Foundations:Deep foundations can be as short as 15 to 20 ft. or as long as 200 ft. or more and may consist of driven piles, drilled shafts or stone columns. A single drilled shaft often has greater load bearing capacity than a single pile. Deep foundations may be designed to carry superstructure loads through poor soil (loose sands, soft clays, and collapsible materials) into competent bearing materials. Deep foundation support is usually more economical for depths less than 100 ft. than mat foundations. In sloped or stepped footings, the effective cross-section in compression shall be limited by the area above the neutral plane, and the angle of slope or depth and location of steps should be such that the design requirements are satisfied at every section.
Functions of Foundation:
To distribute the load of the structure, on large area, so that the intensity of load does not exceeded the safe bearing capacity of the underlying soil. To distribute the load uniformly to the soil, to prevent unequal settlements of foundation. To provide a level and hard surface, for the superstructure. To increase the stability of the structure against sliding, overturning or other disturbing forces like wind, rain, etc.
Layout of Building:The real meaning and purpose of setting out (layout) is to transfer the plan, length and width of its foundation on the ground so that the foundation can be excavated for construction of purposed building as per drawing. The following preliminary works should be executed before actual planning of layout for the house.
Clear the site from all grass, bushes, trees, etc. Record spot levels of the ground. Construct a permanent bench mark in construction area.
Base Line:For setting out /layout, the most important requirement is to establish a baseline. This is marked on the ground as per site plan requirement with the help of offsets which are taken from the existing road or existing building.
Centre Line:Centre line divides the plan into two equal parts. This can be marked in the field with the help of baseline. This line is very necessary and useful for layout. This line should be transferred to Burjis and be kept up to the completion of foundation work. Centre line marking on the field is done before excavating the land by using center line plan. A center line marking makes the construction accurate and easy to execute.
'Burjis' and its' Distance:Burji or marking pillars are masonry pillars constructed with bricks and cement mortar. These are constructed on both ends of walls /columns and center line should be marked on the top surface of the burjis with the help of base line. Burji is also constructed for
indicating the plinth level of the building. Burjis are very useful for the layout. Accuracy of the foundation can be checked with the help of Burji at any time during construction. Burjis should be kept intact till completion of foundation work.
Spacing between Foundations:Foundations on footings spaced sufficiently close together to intersect adjacent shear zones may decrease bearing capacity of each foundation. Spacing’s between footings should be at least 1.5B, to minimize any reduction in bearing capacity. Increases in settlement of existing facilities should be checked when placing new construction near existing facilities.
Different Processes in Foundation Work:1. Excavation of earth work in trenches for foundation. 2. Laying out Plain Cement concrete (P.C.C) in a ratio of (1:4:8) or (1:4:5) as per the Plan. 3. Centre line marking of columns by using burjis. 4. Laying the footing in case of raft or column construction. 5. Laying Brick work up to plinth level. 6. Laying Damp proof course on the walls. 7. Refilling of earth around the walls. 8. Refilling of earth in the building portion up to the required height according to plinth level.
Plinth Level (or) Height of Basement:In architecture, a plinth is the base or platform upon which a column, pedestal, statue, monument or structure rests. The plinth is a slightly thicker course at the base of a wall or a column; often made of a more durable material than the rest of the wall or column. The plinth course forms the first course of the rising wall immediately above the footings. The Basement is completely filled by the layers of fine sand, fine gravel, coarse gravel, small stones,
rocks and firm soil. The height of the plinth should not be less than 450mm from surrounding ground level. The height of the basement varies with local conditions.
Functions of the plinth:
To prevent the building from damp or moisture penetration into it. To transmit the load of the super structure to the foundation. To act as a retaining wall so as to keep the filling in position below raised floor of the build. To improve the elevation of the building.
Plinth Beams:We have seen that the projecting part of the wall immediately above the ground up to the ground floor level is known as plinth. It gives an appearance of additional stability to the building and also the clearance from the ground level. In first class buildings, for getting crack free walls, especially in clayey soils, an RCC beam is usually provided in the main walls above the ground level and just below the ground floor level. This is called a Plinth Beam. Under normal condition, it is made 10to 15cm in depth and extending the full width of the upper wall. Two numbers of mm (or 3 numbers of 6mm) high strength steel, both on top and bottom, bound by 8mm stirrups at some distance depending on depth of the beam are provided as reinforcement for the plinth beam. In addition, DPC (Damp-proof course) of bitumen coating is usually provided on top of this plinth beam.
Functions of Plinth Beam:
They connect columns in the two principal directions to act as earthquake ties. They support brick walls resting on top of plinth beams. This causes bending and shears in plinth beams. Brickwork in foundations is saved by providing plinth beams.
They transfer the loads on to the foundation.
Dampness at Basement level:One of the primary objectives of building is that it should keep dry. The dampness in the building is caused due to bad design, faulty construction or poor material. Dampness not only reduces the life of the structure and cause unhealthy conditions for the occupants. It causes efflorescence which may leads to disintegration of bricks, stones, tiles etc. Dampness can be prevented by adopting Membrane damp-proofing, integral damp-proofing, surface treatment, guniting, cavity wall construction etc.
Sand filling In Basement:Flooring concrete for ground floors should not be laid directly on the original earth work described above without sand filling except in cases where the foundation soil itself is sand. A sand layer with thickness of 30cm for very clayey soils and at least 15cm for soils other than sand should be placed above the fill. It should be compacted in layers of flooding.
Superstructure:It consists of all parts of the building, which are constructed above the plinth level i.e. walls, lintels, sills and roof beams.
Column:A vertical member whose effective length is greater than 3 times its least lateral dimension carrying compressive loads is called as column. Columns transfer the loads from the beams or slabs to the footings or foundations. Generally the column may be square, rectangular or circular in shape. Columns are frequently used to support beams and arches on which the upper part of walls or ceilings rests. The reinforcement in the column is designed as two types. They are:-
Longitudinal reinforcement:
The cross sectional area of longitudinal reinforcement shall not be less than 0.8% and not more than 6% of gross cross sectional area of the column. In any column that has larger cross sectional area than that required supporting the load, the minimum percentage of steel shall be 0.8% of required area and not the area actually provided. Minimum no. of longitudinal bars to be provided is 4 for rectangular columns and 6 for circular columns. Minimum diameter of the longitudinal bars is 12mm. Spacing of longitudinal bars measured along the periphery of the column shall not exceed 300mm.
Transverse reinforcement:A reinforced concrete compression member shall have transverse or helical reinforcement so disposed that every longitudinal bar nearest to the compression face has effective lateral support against buckling. The effective lateral support is given by transverse reinforcement either in the form of circular rings capable taking up circumferential tension or by polygonal links (lateral Ties) with internal angles not exceeding 135 ° . The ends of the transverse reinforcement shall be properly anchored. The diameter of lateral ties shall not be less than 1⁄4 of the diameter of largest longitudinal bar and in no case less than 6mm.
Walls:Wall is the structure built to divide the building in to no. of rooms. Load bearing walls are used to transmit the load from the roof and from upper floors to the foundation. Walls can built with different kinds of material such as bricks, stones, wood, glass etc.
Masonry:The art of construction of structure with stone, brick or any other building blocks and mortar is called masonry. Masonry can be classified into 3 types. They are:-
1.Rubble masonry 2.Ashlars masonry 3. Brick masonry As brick work is an important part of building construction, we will consider it in greater detail than other topics.
Brick Masonry:Bricks laid in systematical way are bounded together with mortar to form a homogenous mass capable of withstanding and transmitting forces without failure is called brick masonry.
Terms Generally Used in Brickwork:
1. Header:-A brick lay with its in × 3 in end parallel to the face of the wall. 2. Stretcher:-A brick lay with its 9 in × 3 in side parallel to the face of the wall. 3. Bat:-Any portion of a brick cut or broken across its length. For example, half bat will be in × in ×3in size. 4. Closer:-The portion of a brick cut along the lengths in such a way as one long face remains intact. When it is cut into two equal halves, it is called a queen closer. A brick cut at the corner along the midpoints of the adjacent sides is a king closer. This is at times used in junctions of walls. 5. Bed:-The bottom surface of the brick which rests upon the mortar spread to receive it. 6. Frog:-The indentation on one or both of the in × 9in surfaces of the brick.
7. Arrisers:-The edges of the brick lay on the same bed. 8. Quoins:-The stones used at the corners are quoins. 9. Junctions:-The meeting place of a longitudinal wall and a cross wall is called a junction. 10. Plinth Course:-The horizontal course of stone or brick provided at the base of the wall at floor level above the ground level is called plinth course. 11. Throating:-The groves provided at the end of corbels, lintels for discharging rainwater clear of walls is called Throating. 12. Perpends:-The vertical joints separating the bricks in either length or cross direction are known as Perpends. 13. Lap:-The horizontal distance between the vertical joints in successive courses is termed as a lap.
Recommended mortars for Brickwork Mortar is the plastic mixture of binding materials like cement or lime, fine aggregate and water in suitable proportions. This is used to bond masonry units. Various types of mortars mixes used for brick work are as follows:-
Brick Strength
Mortar Mix
(N/mm2)
Cement or Cement (N/mm2) Lime 1:6 or 1:2:9 3 1:5 or 1:1:6 5 7.5 1:4 or 1::4
Below 5 5-15 15-25 >25
Mortar Strength
1:3 or 1::3
10
Bonding of Bricks The art of bonding brickwork consists of the orderly arrangements of the bricks in such a way that continuous or through joints along the walls are also reduced to a minimum. Bonding helps in the distribution of the loads. Bonding is carried by use of closures (in the header course) or three quarters in the stretcher course. As bricks of different sizes are used in practice in various places, the width of brickwork is measured by bricks and not by " actual measurement. Thus using 9’’× 4 × 3" sizes as headers a half
"
brick wall, usually taken as 4 inches in thickness will be obtained. The thickness of one brick wall is taken as 9 inches. The thickness of mortar joints is usually taken as not more than 6mm (1⁄4 ℎ) for very good bricks and 10mm (3⁄8 ℎ) for ordinary bricks.
Types of Bonding English Bond:-It is the most commonly used bond for all wall thicknesses. On elevation, this consists of alternate courses of all headers (length of brick) and all stretchers (side of bricks). It is the straightest forward of all bonds to lay and give greater strength than any other as it results in fewer through joints and entails the use of a minimum no. of brick bats.
Flemish or Double Flemish Bond:- On elevation, it consists of alternate headers and stretchers in every course. It is perhaps not
quite as strong as English bond. However, this bond is preferred where special bricks are used for facing works on the grounds of greater economy and more interesting appearance. It is economical because it requires fewer facing bricks.
Rules of Bonding
The bricks should be uniform in size, and the proportion of length to breadth is such that the length becomes twice the width plus one joint. Good bond is impossible otherwise, as the lap would not be uniform. The minimum amount by which the bricks in 1 course overlap the bricks in the course below should be 2 inch along the
length of the wall and 4 inch across the thickness of the wall. The vertical joints in the alternate courses should fall in a plumb (vertical) line from the top of the wall to its base, whether on the face or in the interior of the wall. Bats should be used as little as possible and where used, should be evenly distributed throughout the whole of the work. The bricks in the interior thickness of the very thick walls should be laid with their length across the wall i.e. header wise.
Sills, Lintels and Weather Shades:The wall below the bottom of window frame is called sill of a window. Lintel is a horizontal structural member provided to support the weight of the wall above the opening of door or window.
Functions of Sills, Lintels and Weather Shades:
Sills protect the top of the wall from wear and tear. Lintels are placed over the openings of doors and windows, as the frames of doors and windows are not strong enough to support the weight of the wall above the opening. Weather shades are provided to protect the doors and windows from the weathering agents such as sun, rain, frost etc.
Roof Beams:A roof is the upper part of a building which is constructed in the form of a framework to give protection to building against rain, heat, wind etc. And the beams provided to withstand the loads of slab or roof is called roof beams. These beams are generally provided to improve the ductility of the beam in earth quack regions. They reduce long term deflections and increase the stiffness. These beams are generally reinforced in both compression and tension sides hence they are also called as doubly reinforced roof beams. The minimum reinforcement area of tension reinforcement should not be less than the following
= . = = /
This works out only 0.2% for Fe 415 steel and 0.34% for Fe 250 steel. The maximum area of tension reinforcement should not exceed 4% of the gross cross sectional area.
< 0.04 Where D = gross depth of the beam
The reinforcement shall have concrete cover of thickness neither less than 25mm nor less than twice the diameter of such bar. Where the depth of the beam exceeds 750mm, side face reinforcement shall be provided along the two faces. The total area of such reinforcement shall be not less than 0.1% of the beam area and a spacing not exceeding 300mm.
Slabs Slabs are plane structural members whose thickness is small as compared to its length and breadth. Slabs are most frequently used as roof coverings and floors in various shapes as square, rectangular, circular, triangular etc. in buildings. Slabs supports mainly transverse loads and transfers them to the supports by bending action in one or more directions. Beams or walls are the common supports for the slabs.
Types of Slabs Depending up on the ratio of longer span to short span ( ⁄ ), the slabs are classified in to:
1.One Way Slab 2.Two Way Slab
One Way Slab:Slabs which are supported on all four edges and the ratio of longer span to the shorter span ( ⁄ ) is greater than 2 are called as one way slab. One way slabs bends in one direction i.e., along the shorter span and hence it needs main reinforcement in one direction only (along the shorter span) to resist one way bending. However minimum reinforcement known as distribution steel is provided along the longer span above the main reinforcement to distribute the load uniformly and to resist temperature and shrinkage stresses.
Two Way Slab:When the slabs are supported on all the four edges and the ratio of longer span to the shorter span ( ⁄ ) is less than or equal to 2, the slabs are likely to bend along the two spans and such slabs are called as two way slabs. The load is transferred in both the directions to the four supporting edges and hence main reinforcement has to be designed in both the directions to resist two way bending.
Note:When a slab is supported only on two opposite edges, irrespective of longer span to shorter span ratio, the slab behaves like a one way slab as it bends in only one direction i.e., perpendicular to the supports (span direction). A square slab = 1 will also acts as one way slab if it is supported only on two opposite edges.
Minimum Reinforcement:The reinforcement in either direction of span shall not be less than 0.15% of gross cross sectional area if mild steel is used. However,
this value is reduced to 0.12% where high strength deformed bars or welded wire fabrics are used.
Maximum Diameter of Bars:The diameter of the bars shall not exceed one eighth of the total thickness of slab.
Spacing of Main Reinforcement:The spacing of main reinforcement in slabs shall not be more than three times the effective depth of solid slab or 300mm whichever is less.
Distribution Reinforcement:The area of distribution reinforcement shall not be less than 0.15% of gross cross sectional area if plain bars are used and 0.12% if high yield strength deformed bars are used. The spacing of distribution reinforcement in slabs shall not be more than five times the effective depth of slab or 450mm whichever is less.
Cover to Reinforcement:Reinforcement shall have concrete cover of thickness as follows:a) At each end of reinforcement bar not less than 25 mm nor less than twice the diameter of such bar. b) The bottom cover for reinforcement shall not be less than 20mm or less than the diameter of such bar.
Stair Case:Stairs provide access for the various floors of the building. The stair consists of series of steps with landings at appropriate
intervals. The stretch between the two landings is called flight. The room or space where stairs are provided is called stair case. The width of stair depends up on the type of building in which it is projected. Generally in residential buildings, the width of stair is kept as 1 m and in case of public buildings it may be up to 2 m. to allow free flow of users, the width of landings should be at least equal to the width of stairs. Each step has one tread (going) and one rise. Rise and tread are proportional so as to provide convenient and easy access. The rise may vary from 150 mm to 200 mm. the tread is in between 250 mm to 300 mm. As per IS: 456, the slope or pitch of the stairs should be in between 25° 40°.
Types of Stair Cases:1.Single Flight stair Case: This type of stair is used in cellars or where the height between the floors is small and the frequency of its use is less.
2.Quarters Turn stair Case:-In this stair case, flights run adjoining the walls and provide uninterrupted space at the center of the room.
3.Doglegged Stair Case:-The most common type of stairs arranged with two adjacent fights running parallel with a midlanding. Where space is less, dog legged stair case is generally provided resulting in economical utilization of available space.
4.Open Well Stair Case:-In public buildings where large spaces are available, open well stair case is generally preferred due to its better accessibility, comfort and ventilation due to its smaller flights with an open well at the center.
5.Geometrical stair Case:-It is aesthetically superior compared to other types and is generally used in the entrance of cinema theatres and shopping malls.
6.Spiral stair Case:-in congested locations, where space available is small, spiral stairs are ideally suited. It comprises a central post with precast treads anchored to the central column.
Ground and Upper Floors:A single storeyed building has only one floor which directly rest on the ground is known as ground floor. Multi-storeyed buildings have other floors also in addition to ground floor. Sometimes, one or two storeys of building are constructed underground level, such floors below ground level are called basement floors.
Functions of Floors:1. The function of floor is to provide clean, smooth, durable, strong and water tight leveled surface for users.
2. The upper floors divide the building in to no. of storeys and provide heat, sound and fire insulation.
Finishes for Walls:Wall finishes are of several types, they are pointing, plastering, painting etc.
Functions of Finishes of Wall:1. It protects the structure form the effect of rain, sun, snow etc.
2. It provides true, smooth and even surface by covering defective workmanship.
Ratios of Mix of Concrete
C.C Bed 1:5:10 1cement: 5coarse sand: 10 graded stone aggregate 40mm nominal size. R.C.C footing 1:2:4 1cement:2coarse sand: 4graded stone aggregate 20mm nominal size. R.C.C columns 1:1.5:3 1cement: 1.5coarse sand: 3graded stone aggregate 20mm nominal size. R.C.C plinth beam 1:2:4 1cement: 2coarse sand: 4graded stone aggregate 20mm nominal size. R.C.C chajja, lintels, shelves, stair case 1:2:4 1cement: 2coarse sand: 4graded stone aggregate 20mm nominal size. R.C.C roof beams and slabs 1:2:4 1cement: 2graded coarse sand: 4graed stone aggregate 20mm nominal size. R.R masonry 1:6:12 1cement: 6coarse sand: 12graded stone aggregate 20mm nominal size. C.R.S masonry 1:6 1cement: 6coarse sand Damp Proof Course 1:2:4 1cement: 2coarse sand: 4graded stone aggregate 12.5mm nominal size.
Brick Wall Brick work with F.P.S bricks of class designation 75 in super structure above plinth level up to floor level in all shapes and sizes.
1:4 (1cement:4coarse sand) for 4.5” thick brick wall. 1:6 (1cement: 6: coarse sand) for 9” thick brick wall.
Finishing External plastering for height up to 10mts from ground level unless otherwise started (without material).
12mm cement plastering 1:4 (cement:4fine sand) 1:6 (cement:6fine sand) 15mm cement plastering 1:4 (1cement:4fine sand) 1:6(1cement:6fine sand) 20mm cement plastering 1:4 (1cement:4fine sand) 1:6(1cement:6fine sand)
Cement Plastering in Course Sand
12mm cement plastering 1:4 (1cement:4fine sand) 1:6(1cement:6fine sand) 15mm cement plastering 1:4 (1cement:4fine sand) 1:6(1cement:6fine sand)
AGRI GOLD PROJECTS LIMITED
Agri Gold Projects limited is located at Agri Gold Towers, 6-3680/A/B, Thakur Mansion Lane, Somajiguda Circle, Punjagutta, Hyderabad. AGPL is a highly quality conscious company with the motto of "Excellence through Quality". AGPL, realizing the business potential, planned the diversification in to Construction Industry and the division. AGPL has been actively participating in the high growth opportunities offered by Indian Infrastructure Industry, more specifically in the construction sector of Row houses and High-Rise Buildings. AGPL's main thrust is in construction and upgrading of highways and property development including world class townships and commercial buildings using modern technology and equipment. As a quality conscious company, AGPL continued to strengthen its position and it is regarded as a pioneer and trusted business partner serving the Indian infrastructure growth. Agri Gold Projects Ltd. (AGPL) is a Company registered under the Companies Act 1956. Its Registered Office is located at Hyderabad. AGPL is a multi-core diversified Industrial Conglomerate and the success dossier promoting new trends by developing Layouts, Earth Works, Canal, High-Rise Buildings, Individual Villas, Row Houses, and Club House & Resorts. AGPL, realizing the business potential, planned the diversification in to Construction Industry and the division.
Vision of the Company
To build a world-class engineering, construction, and project management enterprise and to create a professional environment that will continually challenge our associates and affiliates to innovate, improve, and deliver. Mission to achieve excellence in quality, safety, reliability by contributing towards community development and nation building. Our Project Site
Advantages of Industrial Training
It helps to improve the skills to communicate with the workers. It provides experience to us. It shows the way in which various works are done. It helps to gain practical knowledge in the field. It teaches us the basics of civil engineering. It helps to improve our manual skills under senior engineers. It increases our ability and attitude towards job. It improves our familiarity with technical terms, material and tools.
