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Plan De Movilidad Sostenible Y Espacio Publico Vitoria-gasteiz 2007

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Plan de Movilidad Sostenible y Espacio Público en Vitoria-Gasteiz Memoria de avance Marzo 2007 El Plan de Movilidad Sostenible y Espacio Público en Vitoria-Gasteiz cuenta con la financiación del Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio del Gobierno Vasco. Plan de movilidad sostenible y espacio público. VITORIA-GASTEIZ MEMORIA DE AVANCE MARZO 07 Documento elaborado por: Agencia de Ecología Urbana de Barcelona Por encargo de: Ayuntamiento de Vitoria-Gasteiz Dirección: Salvador Rueda Director de la Agencia de Ecología Urbana de Barcelona Agencia de Ecología Urbana de Barcelona: Ayuntamiento de Vitoria-Gasteiz: Coordinación: Coordinación: Cynthia Echave Jorge Ozcariz Otros: Esteve Codina Joan Palou Colaboración y participación: CEA Gestión de la Tecnología y Atención Urbanismo Gobierno Vasco Participan: Luis Andrés Orive Ciudadana Iñaki Sagardoy Iñigo Palomino Mercè Taberna Mónica Ibarrondo Begoña Orcasitas Aitziber Elorrieta José Félix Basozabal Anabel Rubio Juan Carlos Escudero Amaia Mujika Alfredo Bengoa Julià Massó Roberto González Luis Mendizábal Juan Carrascal Diputación Foral de Álava Xavier Pont Asier Sarasua Ana Bazterrika Elsa Larrea Pedro García David Andrés Argomedo Esther Albaina Laura Garrido David García Ane Miren Arrieta Laura Latora Iñaki Álvarez Gemma Salvador Yon Bárcena Jennifer Coronado Maite de Juan Berta Cormenzana TUVISA Mercedes Vidal Javier Latorre Elizabeth López Gabinete de Alcaldía Yuji Yoshimura Iñigo Bilbao Albert Punsola Policía Local Isabela Velásquez José Luis Pérez Alfonso Sanz Juan Carlos Alonso Carlos Verdaguer Gregorio Ballesteros Josefina Olza Medio Ambiente Carmen Calles Eduardo Rojo Iñaki Arriba Marisol Monte 2 Presidencia José Antonio Ferreiro Cristian Gesell Ferran Sanchis GEA21 Promoción Económica Ensanche 21 Isabel Pineda Alejandro Guinea Raúl Bellido Miguel Ángel Aguado Plan de movilidad sostenible y espacio público. VITORIA-GASTEIZ MEMORIA DE AVANCE MARZO 07 Contenido Presentación....................................................................................................................... 4 1 Vitoria-Gasteiz hacia un modelo de movilidad más sostenible........ 5 4 La Movilidad Urbana.............................................................................................. 37 1.1 Objetivos de un Plan de Movilidad: aplicación a Vitoria-Gasteiz..................... 6 4.1 La red del vehículo privado..................................................................................... 37 1.2 La supermanzana: instrumento clave .................................................................... 6 4.2 La red de transporte público................................................................................... 46 4.3 La red de bicicletas.................................................................................................... 61 4.4 La red peatonal............................................................................................................ 57 4.5 Aparcamiento ............................................................................................................... 79 4.6 Distribución urbana de mercancías.......................................................................... 84 4.7 El impacto ambiental derivado del modelo de movilidad................................... 91 2 Descripción del proceso ....................................................................................... 8 2.1 Metodología empleada en el Plan de movilidad.................................................... 8 2.2 Etapas del estudio de movilidad................................................................................ 9 2.3 Estado actual del estudio............................................................................................. 10 2.4 Escenarios de análisis.................................................................................................. 11 5 Anexos............................................................................................................................. 3 Condicionantes del modelo de movilidad de Vitoria-Gasteiz........... 104 14 3.1 Población........................................................................................................................ 14 3.2 Actividad económica................................................................................................... 18 3.3 Morfología urbana........................................................................................................ 29 3 Plan de movilidad sostenible y espacio público. VITORIA-GASTEIZ MEMORIA DE AVANCE MARZO 07 Presentación Objetivos del Plan: Esta memoria representa un avance sobre los trabajos realizados en relación con ! el Estudio de Movilidad y Espacio Público en Vitoria-Gasteiz. Este estudio se realiza Realizar un diagnóstico de la situación actual de la movilidad y la accesibilidad en el espacio público de Vitoria-Gasteiz . conjuntamente por los servicios técnicos del Ayuntamiento de Vitoria-Gasteiz y la Agencia de Ecología Urbana de Barcelona, manteniéndose ambos informados del ! proceso de participación ciudadana para el desarrollo de un nuevo modelo de Analizar diferentes escenarios teniendo en cuenta la proyección de futuro de la ciudad. movilidad para la ciudad. ! Establecer un modelo de movilidad urbana más sostenible para Vitoria-Gasteiz. Este modelo incluye aspectos ligados a la movilidad, el uso del espacio público, el Marco de referencia: ruido, las emisiones a la atmósfera y el consumo energético. Este estudio se suma a un amplio conjunto de iniciativas, planes y documentos orientados a la realización del Plan de Movilidad de Vitoria-Gasteiz dentro de las principales líneas estratégicas ! consumo de recursos y energía. ambientales de la ciudad. El enfoque para la realización de este plan es multidisciplinar y participativo por lo tanto, busca la implicación de diversas instancias municipales y ciudadanas, entre las que cabe destacar: ! Los grupos políticos municipales ! Departamentos municipales como: Urbanismo, Gestión de la Tecnología y Atención Ciudadana, Policía Local, Participación Ciudadana, Medio Ambiente, Promoción económica y Planificación Estratégica, entre otros,... ! Sociedades y organismos autónomos municipales: Centro de Estudios Ambientales (CEA), Ensanche XXI y Transportes Urbanos de Vitoria-Gasteiz (TUVISA). ! Agentes sociales: Colectivos profesionales del sector del transporte, Colectivos relacionados con la movilidad (bicicleteros, patinadores, personas con movilidad reducida). Consejo Sectorial de Medio Ambiente, Consejo Social y Consejos Territoriales. Agentes económicos, Asociaciones de comerciantes, profesionales, Asociaciones Vecinales, Agenda 21 Escolar, entre otros. 4 Definir una nueva configuración de las redes de movilidad que suponga un menor Colegios ! Ofrecer a los gestores los indicadores necesarios para tomar decisiones que permitan incrementar la calidad del espacio público de la ciudad. Plan de movilidad sostenible y espacio público. VITORIA-GASTEIZ MEMORIA DE AVANCE MARZO 07 1 Vitoria-Gasteiz hacia un modelo de movilidad más sostenible. En las últimas décadas del siglo XX, Vitoria- Gasteiz, se ha caracterizado por un crecimiento equilibrado con un urbanismo de calidad, y una preocupación por el medio ambiente. De este modo ha impulsado distintas iniciativas como la peatonalización de calles, la habilitación de vías específicas para ciclistas y el Anillo Verde, por citar algunas de las más destacadas. El factor común en todo el proceso ha sido la visión de futuro. Esta visión debe mantenerse en el momento actual, cuando la ciudad está inmersa en un proceso de crecimiento importante que comporta un cambio de escala y una modificación de su estructura. Los nuevos retos a los que se enfrenta Vitoria-Gasteiz están relacionados con la gestión de la movilidad y la consolidación de un modelo de espacio público diverso, compacto, eficiente y socialmente cohesionado. La cuestión de la movilidad ha sido abordada en detalle en el estudio sectorial Geo Vitoria-Gasteiz. Este documento reconoce los aspectos que juegan a favor de una contención del uso del automóvil como son la dimensión de la ciudad, y el hecho realmente singular que casi el 90% de la población trabaja en el municipio. Sin embargo, también constata la existencia de tendencias hacia un modelo de movilidad menos sostenible: ! Cambio de escala de la ciudad y, en consencuencia, de la longitud de los desplazamientos cotidianos. ! Incremento de la importancia del efecto barrera de las infraestructuras de transporte como consecuencia del aumento de las actividades y viviendas “al otro lado” de las mismas. ! Ampliación del fenómeno metropolitano y por tanto emergencia de desplazamientos pendulares con otros municipios. ! Ampliación de la interdependencia de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco y , con ello, incremento de desplazamientos de media y larga distancia. Las infraestructuras de transporte previstas (autovías y ferrocarril de alta velocidad) inducirán nuevos desplazamientos. ! Mantenimiento de las causas de fondo, sociales, económicas y culturales que estimulan la tenencia y uso del automóvil. ! Los problemas generados por una movilidad dominada por el automóvil en relación con la sostenibilidad global –emisiones y cambio climático- y local –contaminación atmosférica y acústica, de suelos y aguas e intrusión visual. Vitoria-Gasteiz por su dimensión, configuración, y también por las políticas llevadas a cabo, se encuentra bien posicionada para frenar las tendencias insostenibles de la movilidad y al mismo tiempo redondear el esfuerzo a favor de un espacio público de calidad. Proyectos como el nuevo tranvía, el soterramiento del ferrocarril, la Vuelta al Anillo Verde y el Plan de Vías Verdes, hacen que en estos momentos sea más que nunca conveniente abrir el debate sobre la movilidad sostenible en Vitoria-Gasteiz. 5 Plan de movilidad sostenible y espacio público. VITORIA-GASTEIZ MEMORIA DE AVANCE MARZO 07 Una muestra de la conciencia existente al respecto se verá plasmada en el futuro Pacto Ciudadano por la Movilidad Sostenible. El Pacto tiene como objetivo establecer un consenso entre la Administración Pública y la sociedad civil para definir un nuevo modelo de movilidad para el municipio que deberá concretarse en el Plan de Movilidad Sostenible de Vitoria-Gasteiz. 1.1 Objetivos de un Plan de Movilidad: aplicación a Vitoria-Gasteiz. Este documento responde a los objetivos y directrices que se incluyen en la Estrategia de Medio Ambiente Urbano y el Libro Verde del Medio Ambiente Urbano, aprobados por la Red de Redes para el Medio Ambiente Urbano y el Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. Los principales objetivos de un Plan de Movilidad Sostenible son los siguientes: ! Reducción de la dependencia del automóvil. ! Incrementar las oportunidades de los medios alternativos y de menor impacto ambiental. ! Reducción de los impactos derivados de los desplazamientos motorizados ! Evitar la expansión de los espacios dependientes del coche. ! Reconstrucción de la proximidad como valor urbano ! Recuperación de la convivencia en el espacio público ! Aumento de la autonomía de los sectores sociales sin acceso al coche. El Plan de movilidad y espacio público para Vitoria-Gasteiz plantea: Principales impactos negativos del tránsito vehicular. Fuente: Elaboración propia 1.2 La supermanzana: instrumento clave. La estructuración de la ciudad en supermanzanas puede resolver la mayor parte de las disfunciones urbanas ligadas a la movilidad y al uso del espacio público. La ordenación del espacio público a través de la ! Reorganizar el tráfico de tal forma que el vehículo de paso transite a través de una red viaria básica supermanzana posibilita la integración de distintas actuaciones para una ciudad más sostenible. liberando las vías secundarias. ! ! ! ! Redefinir las redes de transporte público de cara a mejorar la eficiencia del sistema en términos de Una supermanzana viene delimitada por vías básicas que configuran una área cuyo interior incluye un accesibilidad y cobertura. conjunto de manzanas. El tráfico de paso tiene el acceso restringido al interior de la supermanzana. Este ámbito Consolidar una red de bicicletas, que manteniendo la mayor parte de los carriles existentes, establezca se convierte en un lugar preferente para el peatón, compartido con ciclistas, vehículos de servicio, de una serie de ejes principales y recorridos, de cara a la máxima utilización de la bicicleta como medio de emergencias , de residentes. etc. Dentro de la supermanzana las calles pasan a ser de plataforma única y la transporte urbano. velocidad máxima se establece en torno a los 10 km/h. El aparcamiento de vehículos en superfície tiende a Configurar una red peatonal que minimice la coexistencia del peatón con el vehículo privado y permita a reducirse paulatinamente, de la misma manera, la distribución urbana de mercancías se ve sujeta a una nueva su vez conectar a pie los principales puntos de interés de la ciudad. regulación. Identificar las demandas infraestructurales de aparcamiento y de espacios necesarios para la gestión de la carga y descarga de mercancías. El cambio fundamental que introduce este esquema consiste en reestructurar la movilidad estableciendo ! Reducir el impacto ambiental de la contaminación y el ruido en las calles. una red diferenciada para cada modo de transporte. Con ello disminuyen los conflictos entre peatones y tráfico ! Aumentar la calidad del espacio público en términos de accesibilidad. rodado ya que cada modo puede desplazarse a la velocidad que le es propia. En cuanto a los ejes para ciclistas, las supermanzanas posibilitan su extensión a una gran parte del territorio urbano en una red mejor interconectada que ofrece a los usuarios mayor seguridad en sus trayectos. 6 Plan de movilidad sostenible y espacio público. VITORIA-GASTEIZ MEMORIA DE AVANCE MARZO 07 automóvil y potenciar el transporte público y los medios de transporte de corta distancia, como es la bicicleta y los desplazamientos a pie. La combinación de reducción de la oferta viaria y de aparcamiento para el vehículo privado, así como la mejora de otros modos de transporte facilitarán el cambio modal hacia modos más sostenibles. Reorganización de la carga y descarga y el aparcamiento. La reorganización de espacios y horarios de las actividades logísticas urbanas resulta mucho más sencilla en un esquema de supermanzanas, ya que se dispone de más espacio público y la posibilidad de controlar los horarios de acceso mediante sistemas retráctiles de entrada en las supermanzanas. La construcción de centros logísticos a nivel subterráneo sirve para reducir progresivamente la carga y descarga en superficie. El aparcamiento de vehículos en superficie es también suprimido gradualmente con la construcción de aparcamientos subterráneos accesibles desde la red básica de circulación. Accesibilidad para todos Las restricciones al tránsito de paso y ciertas mejoras en el diseño de las calles (plataforma única, mobiliario urbano, etc) hacen que mejoren las condiciones de accesibilidad para: personas con movilidad Esquema conceptual de supermanzana. Fuente: BCN Ecología reducida, coches de niños, personas mayores y niños. Los taxis, bicicletas, vehículos de servicios y emergencias tienen sitio en el interior de las supermanzanas. El espacio público ganado se convierte en un espacio disponible para desarrollar usos y funciones de la vida ciudadana: paseo, estancia, juego, ocio, fiestas populares. La calle recobra su papel como lugar de Un nuevo diseño del espacio público intercambio y relación. Se reducen la contaminación y el ruido y se posibilita la introducción de nuevos conceptos El espacio público ganado se convierte en un espacio disponible para acoger nuevos usos y funciones de en el diseño urbano orientados a mejorar las condiciones de habitabilidad. En definitiva, el modelo de movilidad la vida ciudadana; la estancia, el juego, el ocio, las fiestas populares, etc. la calle recobra su papel como sitio de basado en supermanzanas se caracteriza por: intercambio y relación. Se reducen la contaminación, el ruido y se posibilita la introducción de nuevos conceptos en el diseño urbano orientados a mejorar las condiciones de confort lumínico, acústico y térmico. Jerarquización de la red viaria. Reorganización funcional de las calles en dos tipos de vías: básica e interior de supermanzana, las cuales Desde un punto de vista operativo, los objetivos serán diferentes en función del horizonte temporal, funcionan de manera homogénea para la mayoría de los modos de transporte. La red básica (perimetral) es lo diferenciando claramente entre los objetivos de corto o medio plazo y los objetivos a largo plazo. La más ortogonal posible y soporta el tráfico motorizado y el transporte colectivo en superficie. En las vías internas transformación urbana mediante un esquema de supermanzanas consigue mejoras inmediatas en la calidad de se elimina el tránsito de paso. Este espacio interior se transforma en un espacio de preferencia para el peatón, vida de los ciudadanos. La eliminación del vehiculo de paso reduce el volumen de tráfico en las calles interiores coexistiendo con vehículos de residentes y de servicio, emergencias e incluso en algunos casos con carriles bici de supermanzana y aumenta el uso de éstas por parte de las personas en poco tiempo, consiguiendo segregados. Dentro de la supermanzana las calles pasan a tener una sección única y la velocidad de los reducciones significativas en la contaminación, ruido, sensación de inseguridad, recuperando de esta manera el vehículos se adapta a la del peatón. Esta nueva estructura permite adaptar modificaciones que permiten espacio para la estancia y disfrute de los vecinos. aumentar sensiblemente la calidad ambiental del entorno urbano. No obstante, los grandes cambios en favor de la movilidad sostenible se producen en un plazo más largo, Integración de las redes de movilidad cuando se consiguen modificar los hábitos sociales de movilidad. Esto exige un esfuerzo continuo de seguimiento, corrección y educación sobre las actuaciones iniciadas, teniendo siempre presente los principios Uno de los cambios fundamentales que se introducen en este nuevo modelo consiste en reestructurar la rectores del Plan de Movilidad. movilidad en superficie en una red diferenciada para cada modo de transporte adecuándola al esquema de red de supermanzanas. Este hecho disminuye los conflictos entre los modos, ya que en vías básicas, cada modo puede desplazarse a la velocidad que le es propia. 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