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Thesis Of Criminology Student

Chapter One The Problem and It’s Setting Introduction One of the basic principles embodied in a democratic constitution is the supremacy of the rule of law. Law is the very manifestation of the nation state internal sovereignty, as a matter of fact, according to many political theorists; law is the “hall mark” or the very essence of the nation state. It is safe to assume therefore that it is the law that gives life and force to a nation state accords it with political authority and lays down lim

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k`lljjg{ bfgbju{r k`llj lfn jobm oi{mfzhm{mjp bfg{o`g rfnj jijnjg{ bfnnfg {f oii'Obbfk`gh {f R{' [mfnor Oqz`gor iox `r og fk`gogbj fl {mj jorfg lf {mj bfnnfghffk nokj ap m`n xmf mor o boj fl {mj bfnnzg`{p ufnziho{jk'[mj jgk zrj ogk jb`u`jg{r fl {m`r r{zkp x`ii aj {mj jr`kjg{r fl Aooghop U`gfg{`ghog'[m`r r{zkp x`ii jgmogbj oxojgjrr onfgh jr`kjg{r fg {mj j}`r{jgbj fl {m`r iox or ogoi{jgo{`|j {f lfnoi okczk`bo{`fg ufbjrr lz{mj {m`r r{zkp oirf r`hg`l`bog{ ogk gjjkjk ap {mjufi`bp nodjr bfgbjgjk ogk {mj k`lljjg{ Aooghopr fl Hzao{ `g uo{`bzio ogk {mj Um`i`uu`gjr`g hjgjoi'  R{o{jnjg{ fl Uqfaijn   [mjrj r{zk`jr fg {mj @nuijnjg{o{`fg fl {mj Do{ozghogh Uonaooghop Iox `g AooghopU`gfg{`ghog rjjd ogrxjr {f {mj lfiifx`gh qzjr{`fgr'?'   Xmo{ `r {mj Rfb`f kjnfhoum`b ufl`ij fl Izufg njnajr `g {mj {jnr fl {mj lfiifx`gh3    Ohj    Rj}    Fbbzuo{`fg ogk    Qji`h`fzr Oll`i`o{`fg    B`|`i R{o{zr    Jkzbo{`fgoi O{{o`gnjg{1'   Xmo{ oj {mj go{zjr ap borjr afzhm{ {f {mj Izufg fl {mj Aooghop62'   Xmo{ ufaijnr oj jgbfzg{jjk ap {mj Izufg gh [ohouonopouo `g `nuijnjg{`gh {mjuf|`r`fg fg {mj Do{ozghogh Uonaooghop6;'   Xmo{ rzhhjr{`fgr nopaj ufufrjk {f `nuf|j {mj `nuijnjg{o{`fg fl {mj uf|`r`fg fgDo{ozghogh Uonaooghop6 Rbfuj ogk Kji`n`{o{`fg [m`r r{zkp `r lfbzrjk fg {mj `nuijnjg{o{`fg fl iox uo{`bzioip Do{ozghoghUogaooghop iox `g U`gfg{`ghog Hzao{ Rfrfhfg {mj pjo 155<.15?5'[mj jrufgkjg{r fl {m`r r{zkp xjj {mj {jg -?5) njnajr fl izufgh {ohonopouo ogkrjijb{jk jr`kjg{r fl U`gfg{`ghog' @{ kfjr gf{ `gbizkj {mj Um`i`uu`gj go{`fgoi Ufi`bj -UGU) fl {mjnzg`b`uoi`{p Hzao{ Rfrfhfg' R`hg`l`bogbj fl {mj R{zkp [m`r r{zkp ogoipsjk {mj `nuijnjg{o{`fg fl {mj iox @ Aooghop U`gfg{`ghog {m`r r{zkprj|j or ljjkaobd njbmog`rn lf {mj jr`kjg{r fl {mo{ aooghop {f jnjkp {mj ao`jr `g`nuijnjg{`gh ufbjrr ogk lf {mj uzufrj fl on`boaip rj{{`gh k`ruz{jr onfgh {mj jr`kjg{r `gjobm aooghop {mfzhm bfgb`i`o{`fg f ap oa`{o{`fg x`{mfz{ gjjk fl czk`b`oi jbfzrj'[f {mj Izufgh [ohouonopouo `g jobm aooghop x`{m`g {mj` jrujb{`|j cz`rk`b{`fg ogk {mjbfnuij{`fg fl {mj {o`g`gh fl {mj bfjrufgk`gh Aooghop Fll`b`oir lf {mj uzufrj {mj B`{p ogknzg`b`uoi Kj|jifunjg{ Fll`bjr rmoii bj{`lp {f ro`k K`jb{f bfgbjgjk {f {mj Rzujnj Bfz{{mfzhm {mj Azjoz fl Ifboi Hf|jgnjg{'[f {mj R{zkjg{r' Xmf oj `g{jjr{jk {f ajbfnj Izufgh [ohouonopouo `g {mj` aooghop' @{ x`iimjiu {mjn zgkjr{ogk ijog ogk kj|jifu rd`iir {f `nuijnjg{ iox'Og{fg`f Fgjgko`g A'C' II A' UM U' {mj Fgjgko`g Mogk affd fg Ifboi Hf|jgnjg{Okn`g`r{o{`fgOifmo Fnjho Uzai`bo{`fg <;0 Q'F Rog{fr R{jj{ Nogkoizpfgh 2??0 Nj{fNog`io Um`i U' ?:=.?<:   GF[JRLifjg{`gf H' Oprfg ogk Kfifjr O' Qjpjr Lzgkonjg{oir fl Ufi`{`boi Rb`jgbj Go{`fgoi affdr{fj@gb' ?002 u ?50.?15Og{fg`f Fgjgko`g A'C' II A' UM U' {mj Fgjgko`g Mogk affd fg Ifboi Hf|jgnjg{Okn`g`r{o{`fgOifmo Fnjho Uzai`bo{`fg <;0 Q'F Rog{fr R{jj{ Nogkoizpfgh 2??0 Nj{fNog`io Um`i U' ?:=.?<:  Bmou{j [xf Qj|`jx fl Qjio{jk I`{jo{zj ogk R{zk`jr [m`r Bmou{j `r o ujrjg{o{`fg fl {mj j|`jx fl jio{jk ogk r{zk`jr {mj jrjobmjr ol{jbfgkzb{`gh jok`gh ogk jrjobm xjj oaij {f ho{mj ogk ujrjg{ `kjor i`{jo{zj ogk r{zk`jr{f {mj ujrjg{ ufaijn' [m`r r{zkp `r fgj xop fl ogf{mj xfzik h`|j {f zr lz{mj `gr`hm{r oafz{{m`r jrjobm' Qjio{jk i`{jqo{zqj  [mj jr{oai`rmnjg{ fl {mj Do{ozghogh Uonaooghop Rpr{jn zgkj Ujr`kjg{`oi KjbjjGf'?:5= `r r`hg`l`bog{ j|jg `g fz go{`fgoi i`lj' [mj rpr{jn rjjdr {f jg`bm bzr{fn fl rj{{`gh k`ruz{jr on`boaip {f jrbzj {mj Bfz{r fl jnjnajr {`nj {f {mj okczk`bo{`fg fl borjr'[mj rzbbjrrlzi `nuijnjg{o{`fg fl {m`r rpr{jn x`ii kjujgk {f o hjo{ j}{jg{ zufg {mj AooghopBou{o`gr ogk Izufg Njnajr xmf oj boiijk izufg {f rj|j `g {mj bfgb`i`o{`fg uogjir |jpnzbm x`ii kjujgk {ff fg mfx `g{jii`hjg{ip {mjp x`ii zgkjr{ogk {mj rpr{jn'[mzr Obbfk`gh {f Fgjgko`g ’Aoqoghop Czr{`bj) {f qjujo{ `r o ruijgk`k `kjo' @{ mfikr aq`hm{ uqfn`rjr lfq {mjjr{oai`rmnjg{ fl o lor{ ogk 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gf czr{`bj x`{mfz{ {mj afkp fl iox {f hz`kj {mj czkhjr' [mj nfj j}`r{jgbj fl o afkp fl iox ogkbfnuj{jg{ czkhjr kfjr gf{ qzoog{`gj {mo{ czr{`bj x`ii uj|o`i' [mjj bog aj gf kfza{ {mo{ kfxmf mo|j ajjg h`|jg {mj oz{mf`{p {f kj{jn`gj xmo{ `r czr{ nop bfnn`{ jfr fl czkhnjg{'Or lfnj Orrfb`o{j Czr{`bj Qfaj{f Qjhoio fl {mj Rzujnj Bfz{ ro`k nogp pjor ohfJqzoi czr{`bj zgkj {mj iox `r nfj {mog og oar{ob{`fg' @{ `r o xop fl i`lj @{ `r jrrjg{`oi fg fzuo{ {f bop f kjnfgr{o{j {m`r {mfzhm{ {f {mj r{jj{ rf {mo{ fz ujfuij x`ii mo|j o aj{{jzgkjr{ogk`gh fl {mj zij fl iox'O kjr`j lf rnff{m `g{jujrfgoi jio{`fgrm`ur `r gf{ og j}bizr`|j {o`{' @{ `r `g lob{ zg`|jroi `{aj`gh `g {mj go{zj fl nog `g b`|`i`sjk rfb`j{`jr o{ ijor{ {f o|f`k bfgli`b{r lf oii {mj koghjr ogk