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Tribochemistry Od Bismuth Salts For Solid Lubrication

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  Subscriber access provided by Chicago State University ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces is published by the American Chemical Society.1155 Sixteenth Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036Published by American Chemical Society. Copyright © American Chemical Society.However, no copyright claim is made to srcinal U.S. Government works, or worksproduced by employees of any Commonwealth realm Crown government in the courseof their duties. Article Tribochemistry of Bismuth and Bismuth Salts for Solid Lubrication Pablo Gonzalez Rodriguez, Karin van den Nieuwenhuijzen,Walter Lette, Dik Schipper, and Johan E. ten Elshof ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces  , Just Accepted Manuscript  ã DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02541 ã Publication Date (Web): 03 Mar 2016 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on March 3, 2016 Just Accepted “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication. They are postedonline prior to technical editing, formatting for publication and author proofing. 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ACS cannot be held responsible for errorsor consequences arising from the use of information contained in these “Just Accepted” manuscripts.  1 󰁔󰁲󰁩󰁢󰁯󰁣󰁨󰁥󰁭󰁩󰁳󰁴󰁲󰁹 󰁯󰁦 󰁂󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁂󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁓󰁡󰁬󰁴󰁳 󰁦󰁯󰁲 󰁓󰁯󰁬󰁩󰁤 󰁌󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 P. G󰁯󰁮󰁺󰁡󰁬󰁥󰁺󰀭R󰁯󰁤󰁲󰁩󰁧󰁵󰁥󰁺 1󰀭2 , K.J.H. 󰁶󰁡󰁮 󰁤󰁥󰁮 N󰁩󰁥󰁵󰁷󰁥󰁮󰁨󰁵󰁩󰁪󰁺󰁥󰁮 2 , W. L󰁥󰁴󰁴󰁥 3 , D.J. S󰁣󰁨󰁩󰁰󰁰󰁥󰁲 3 , J.E. 󰁴󰁥󰁮 E󰁬󰁳󰁨󰁯󰁦 2,*   1  M󰁡󰁴󰁥󰁲󰁩󰁡󰁬󰁳 󰁩󰁮󰁮󰁯󰁶󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁩󰁮󰁳󰁴󰁩󰁴󰁵󰁴󰁥 (M2󰁩). E󰁬󰁥󰁫󰁴󰁲󰁯󰁮󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁷󰁥󰁧 25, 2628 XG D󰁥󰁬󰁦󰁴, 󰁴󰁨󰁥 N󰁥󰁴󰁨󰁥󰁲󰁬󰁡󰁮󰁤󰁳. 2  I󰁮󰁯󰁲󰁧󰁡󰁮󰁩󰁣 M󰁡󰁴󰁥󰁲󰁩󰁡󰁬󰁳 S󰁣󰁩󰁥󰁮󰁣󰁥, MESA+ I󰁮󰁳󰁴󰁩󰁴󰁵󰁴󰁥 󰁦󰁯󰁲 N󰁡󰁮󰁯󰁴󰁥󰁣󰁨󰁮󰁯󰁬󰁯󰁧󰁹, U󰁮󰁩󰁶󰁥󰁲󰁳󰁩󰁴󰁹 󰁯󰁦 T󰁷󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥, P.O. B󰁯󰁸 217, 7500 AE E󰁮󰁳󰁣󰁨󰁥󰁤󰁥, T󰁨󰁥 N󰁥󰁴󰁨󰁥󰁲󰁬󰁡󰁮󰁤󰁳. 3  S󰁵󰁲󰁦󰁡󰁣󰁥 T󰁥󰁣󰁨󰁮󰁯󰁬󰁯󰁧󰁹 󰁡󰁮󰁤 T󰁲󰁩󰁢󰁯󰁬󰁯󰁧󰁹, F󰁡󰁣󰁵󰁬󰁴󰁹 󰁯󰁦 E󰁮󰁧󰁩󰁮󰁥󰁥󰁲󰁩󰁮󰁧 T󰁥󰁣󰁨󰁮󰁯󰁬󰁯󰁧󰁹, U󰁮󰁩󰁶󰁥󰁲󰁳󰁩󰁴󰁹 󰁯󰁦 T󰁷󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥, P.O. B󰁯󰁸 217, 7500 AE E󰁮󰁳󰁣󰁨󰁥󰁤󰁥, T󰁨󰁥 N󰁥󰁴󰁨󰁥󰁲󰁬󰁡󰁮󰁤󰁳 󰁁󰁂󰁓󰁔󰁒󰁁󰁃󰁔 O󰁮󰁥 󰁯󰁦 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁭󰁡󰁩󰁮 󰁴󰁲󰁥󰁮󰁤󰁳 󰁩󰁮 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁬󰁡󰁳󰁴 󰁤󰁥󰁣󰁡󰁤󰁥󰁳 󰁩󰁳 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁲󰁥󰁤󰁵󰁣󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁯󰁦 󰁷󰁡󰁳󰁴󰁡󰁧󰁥 󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁲󰁥󰁰󰁬󰁡󰁣󰁥󰁭󰁥󰁮󰁴 󰁯󰁦 󰁴󰁯󰁸󰁩󰁣 󰁣󰁯󰁭󰁰󰁯󰁵󰁮󰁤󰁳 󰁩󰁮 󰁩󰁮󰁤󰁵󰁳󰁴󰁲󰁩󰁡󰁬 󰁰󰁲󰁯󰁣󰁥󰁳󰁳󰁥󰁳. S󰁯󰁭󰁥 󰁳󰁯󰁦󰁴 󰁭󰁥󰁴󰁡󰁬󰁬󰁩󰁣 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁴󰁩󰁣󰁬󰁥󰁳 󰁣󰁡󰁮 󰁢󰁥 󰁵󰁳󰁥󰁤 󰁡󰁳 󰁮󰁯󰁮󰀭󰁴󰁯󰁸󰁩󰁣 󰁳󰁯󰁬󰁩󰁤 󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁳 󰁩󰁮 󰁨󰁩󰁧󰁨 󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁴󰁵󰁲󰁥 󰁰󰁲󰁯󰁣󰁥󰁳󰁳󰁥󰁳. T󰁨󰁥 󰁢󰁥󰁨󰁡󰁶󰁩󰁯󰁲 󰁯󰁦 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁭󰁥󰁴󰁡󰁬 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁴󰁩󰁣󰁬󰁥󰁳, 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁳󰁵󰁬󰁦󰁩󰁤󰁥 (B󰁩 2 S 3 ), 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁳󰁵󰁬󰁦󰁡󰁴󰁥 (B󰁩 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ) 󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁯󰁸󰁩󰁤󰁥 (B󰁩 2 O 3 ) 󰁡󰁳 󰁰󰁯󰁷󰁤󰁥󰁲 󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁳 󰁷󰁡󰁳 󰁳󰁴󰁵󰁤󰁩󰁥󰁤 󰁩󰁮 󰁡 󰁲󰁡󰁮󰁧󰁥 󰁯󰁦 󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁴󰁵󰁲󰁥󰁳 󰁵󰁰 󰁴󰁯 580 󰂰C. T󰁨󰁥 󰁭󰁥󰁣󰁨󰁡󰁮󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁬 󰁢󰁥󰁨󰁡󰁶󰁩󰁯󰁲 󰁷󰁡󰁳 󰁥󰁸󰁡󰁭󰁩󰁮󰁥󰁤 󰁵󰁳󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁡 󰁨󰁩󰁧󰁨 󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁴󰁵󰁲󰁥 󰁰󰁩󰁮󰀭󰁯󰁮󰀭󰁤󰁩󰁳󰁣 󰁳󰁥󰁴󰀭󰁵󰁰, 󰁷󰁩󰁴󰁨 󰁷󰁨󰁩󰁣󰁨 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁦󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁣󰁥 󰁢󰁥󰁴󰁷󰁥󰁥󰁮 󰁴󰁷󰁯 󰁦󰁬󰁡󰁴󰀭󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁴󰁡󰁣󰁴 󰁳󰁵󰁲󰁦󰁡󰁣󰁥󰁳 󰁷󰁡󰁳 󰁲󰁥󰁣󰁯󰁲󰁤󰁥󰁤. T󰁨󰁥 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨󰀭󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁴󰁥󰁤 󰁳󰁵󰁲󰁦󰁡󰁣󰁥󰁳 󰁳󰁨󰁯󰁷󰁥󰁤 󰁬󰁯󰁷 󰁣󰁯󰁥󰁦󰁦󰁩󰁣󰁩󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁳 󰁯󰁦 󰁦󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 ( µ  ≈ 0.08) 󰁢󰁥󰁬󰁯󰁷 200 󰂰C. A󰁢󰁯󰁶󰁥 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁭󰁥󰁬󰁴󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁴󰁵󰁲󰁥 󰁯󰁦 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁭󰁥󰁴󰁡󰁬 󰁰󰁯󰁷󰁤󰁥󰁲 󰁡󰁴 271 󰂰C, 󰁡 󰁬󰁡󰁹󰁥󰁲 󰁯󰁦 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁯󰁸󰁩󰁤󰁥 󰁤󰁥󰁶󰁥󰁬󰁯󰁰󰁥󰁤 󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁦󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁣󰁯󰁥󰁦󰁦󰁩󰁣󰁩󰁥󰁮󰁴 󰁩󰁮󰁣󰁲󰁥󰁡󰁳󰁥󰁤. B󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁯󰁸󰁩󰁤󰁥 󰁳󰁨󰁯󰁷󰁥󰁤 󰁨󰁩󰁧󰁨󰁥󰁲 󰁦󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁣󰁯󰁥󰁦󰁦󰁩󰁣󰁩󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁳 󰁡󰁴 󰁡󰁬󰁬 󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁴󰁵󰁲󰁥󰁳. B󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁳󰁵󰁬󰁦󰁩󰁤󰁥 󰁥󰁸󰁨󰁩󰁢󰁩󰁴󰁥󰁤 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁴󰁩󰁡󰁬 󰁯󰁸󰁩󰁤󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁵󰁰󰁯󰁮 󰁨󰁥󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁢󰁵󰁴 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁦󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁣󰁯󰁥󰁦󰁦󰁩󰁣󰁩󰁥󰁮󰁴 󰁤󰁥󰁣󰁲󰁥󰁡󰁳󰁥󰁤 󰁴󰁯 µ  ≈ 0.15 󰁡󰁢󰁯󰁶󰁥 500 󰂰C, 󰁷󰁩󰁴󰁨 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁭󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁯󰁦 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁯󰁸󰁩󰁤󰁥󰀭󰁳󰁵󰁬󰁦󰁡󰁴󰁥, 󰁷󰁨󰁩󰁬󰁥 󰁳󰁯󰁭󰁥 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁳󰁵󰁬󰁦󰁡󰁴󰁥 󰁲󰁥󰁭󰁡󰁩󰁮󰁥󰁤. A󰁬󰁬 󰁳󰁵󰁲󰁦󰁡󰁣󰁥󰁳 󰁷󰁥󰁲󰁥 󰁳󰁴󰁵󰁤󰁩󰁥󰁤 󰁢󰁹 X󰀭󰁲󰁡󰁹 󰁤󰁩󰁦󰁦󰁲󰁡󰁣󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 (XRD), 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁦󰁯󰁣󰁡󰁬 󰁭󰁩󰁣󰁲󰁯󰁳󰁣󰁯󰁰󰁹, 󰁨󰁩󰁧󰁨 󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁯󰁬󰁵󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁳󰁣󰁡󰁮󰁮󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁥󰁬󰁥󰁣󰁴󰁲󰁯󰁮 󰁭󰁩󰁣󰁲󰁯󰁳󰁣󰁯󰁰󰁹 (HR󰀭SEM) 󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁥󰁮󰁥󰁲󰁧󰁹󰀭󰁤󰁩󰁳󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁳󰁩󰁶󰁥 X󰀭󰁲󰁡󰁹 󰁳󰁰󰁥󰁣󰁴󰁲󰁯󰁳󰁣󰁯󰁰󰁹 (EDS). T󰁨󰁩󰁳 󰁳󰁴󰁵󰁤󰁹 󰁲󰁥󰁶󰁥󰁡󰁬󰁳 󰁨󰁯󰁷 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁴󰁩󰁡󰁬 󰁯󰁸󰁩󰁤󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁯󰁦 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁣󰁯󰁭󰁰󰁯󰁵󰁮󰁤󰁳 󰁡󰁴 󰁨󰁩󰁧󰁨 󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁴󰁵󰁲󰁥󰁳 󰁡󰁦󰁦󰁥󰁣󰁴󰁳 󰁴󰁨󰁥󰁩󰁲 󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁰󰁲󰁯󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁴󰁩󰁥󰁳, 󰁤󰁥󰁰󰁥󰁮󰁤󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁯󰁮 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁮󰁡󰁴󰁵󰁲󰁥 󰁯󰁦 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁣󰁯󰁭󰁰󰁯󰁵󰁮󰁤. 󰁋󰁥󰁹󰁷󰁯󰁲󰁤󰁳 : 󰁳󰁯󰁬󰁩󰁤 󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁮󰁴, 󰁨󰁩󰁧󰁨 󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁴󰁵󰁲󰁥, 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨, 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁯󰁸󰁩󰁤󰁥, 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁳󰁵󰁬󰁦󰁩󰁤󰁥, 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁳󰁵󰁬󰁦󰁡󰁴󰁥, 󰁰󰁩󰁮 󰁯󰁮 󰁤󰁩󰁳󰁫, 󰁦󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁣󰁯󰁥󰁦󰁦󰁩󰁣󰁩󰁥󰁮󰁴 󰁉󰁎󰁔󰁒󰁏󰁄󰁕󰁃󰁔󰁉󰁏󰁎 S󰁯󰁬󰁩󰁤 󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁳 󰁡󰁲󰁥 󰁵󰁳󰁥󰁤 󰁩󰁮 󰁭󰁡󰁮󰁹 󰁩󰁮󰁤󰁵󰁳󰁴󰁲󰁩󰁡󰁬 󰁰󰁲󰁯󰁣󰁥󰁳󰁳󰁥󰁳, 󰁥󰁳󰁰󰁥󰁣󰁩󰁡󰁬󰁬󰁹 󰁲󰁥󰁬󰁡󰁴󰁥󰁤 󰁴󰁯 󰁭󰁥󰁴󰁡󰁬 󰁰󰁲󰁯󰁣󰁥󰁳󰁳󰁩󰁮󰁧. A󰁬󰁴󰁨󰁯󰁵󰁧󰁨 󰁭󰁥󰁴󰁡󰁬󰁳 󰁡󰁳 󰁳󰁴󰁲󰁵󰁣󰁴󰁵󰁲󰁡󰁬 󰁭󰁡󰁴󰁥󰁲󰁩󰁡󰁬󰁳 󰁡󰁲󰁥 󰁩󰁮 󰁳󰁯󰁭󰁥 󰁣󰁡󰁳󰁥󰁳 󰁢󰁥󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁲󰁥󰁰󰁬󰁡󰁣󰁥󰁤 󰁢󰁹 󰁭󰁯󰁲󰁥 󰁬󰁩󰁧󰁨󰁴󰁷󰁥󰁩󰁧󰁨󰁴 󰁯󰁲 󰁳󰁵󰁳󰁴󰁡󰁩󰁮󰁡󰁢󰁬󰁥 Page 1 of 20ACS Paragon Plus EnvironmentACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960  2 󰁳󰁯󰁬󰁵󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮󰁳, 󰁬󰁩󰁫󰁥 󰁣󰁯󰁭󰁰󰁯󰁳󰁩󰁴󰁥󰁳 󰁯󰁲 󰁣󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁭󰁩󰁣󰁳, 1,2  󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁰󰁲󰁯󰁤󰁵󰁣󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁯󰁦 󰁨󰁩󰁧󰁨󰀭󰁥󰁮󰁤 󰁰󰁲󰁯󰁤󰁵󰁣󰁴󰁳 󰁩󰁳 󰁳󰁴󰁩󰁬󰁬 󰁬󰁩󰁮󰁫󰁥󰁤 󰁴󰁯 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁭󰁥󰁣󰁨󰁡󰁮󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁬 󰁰󰁲󰁯󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁴󰁩󰁥󰁳 󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁷󰁯󰁲󰁫󰁡󰁢󰁩󰁬󰁩󰁴󰁹 󰁯󰁦 󰁭󰁥󰁴󰁡󰁬󰁳. M󰁥󰁴󰁡󰁬󰀭󰁭󰁥󰁴󰁡󰁬 󰁳󰁬󰁩󰁤󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁴󰁡󰁣󰁴󰁳 󰁡󰁲󰁥 󰁰󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁥󰁮󰁴 󰁩󰁮 󰁡 󰁷󰁩󰁤󰁥 󰁶󰁡󰁲󰁩󰁥󰁴󰁹 󰁯󰁦 󰁡󰁰󰁰󰁬󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮󰁳, 󰁩󰁮󰁣󰁬󰁵󰁤󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁤󰁵󰁩󰁴󰁳, 3  󰁡󰁵󰁴󰁯󰁭󰁯󰁴󰁩󰁶󰁥 󰁧󰁥󰁡󰁲󰁳, 4  󰁳󰁬󰁩󰁤󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁥󰁬󰁥󰁣󰁴󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁬 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁴󰁡󰁣󰁴󰁳 5  󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁢󰁩󰁯󰁬󰁯󰁧󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁬 󰁩󰁭󰁰󰁬󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁳. 6  I󰁮 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁵󰁰󰁳󰁴󰁲󰁥󰁡󰁭 󰁩󰁮󰁤󰁵󰁳󰁴󰁲󰁹, 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁰󰁲󰁯󰁤󰁵󰁣󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁯󰁦 󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁥󰁬 󰁲󰁥󰁱󰁵󰁩󰁲󰁥󰁳 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁵󰁳󰁥 󰁯󰁦 󰁬󰁡󰁲󰁧󰁥 󰁡󰁭󰁯󰁵󰁮󰁴󰁳 󰁯󰁦 󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁳 󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁮󰁯󰁷󰁡󰁤󰁡󰁹󰁳 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁭󰁯󰁳󰁴 󰁣󰁯󰁭󰁭󰁯󰁮 󰁰󰁲󰁯󰁤󰁵󰁣󰁴󰁳 󰁡󰁲󰁥 󰁡󰁱󰁵󰁥󰁯󰁵󰁳 󰁳󰁵󰁳󰁰󰁥󰁮󰁳󰁩󰁯󰁮󰁳 󰁯󰁦 󰁧󰁲󰁡󰁰󰁨󰁩󰁴󰁥, 󰁭󰁯󰁬󰁹󰁢󰁤󰁥󰁮󰁵󰁭 󰁤󰁩󰁳󰁵󰁬󰁦󰁩󰁤󰁥 󰁯󰁲 󰁰󰁯󰁬󰁹󰁴󰁥󰁴󰁲󰁡󰁦󰁬󰁵󰁯󰁲󰁯󰁥󰁴󰁨󰁹󰁬󰁥󰁮󰁥 (T󰁥󰁦󰁬󰁯󰁮 TM ). 7,8  N󰁥󰁶󰁥󰁲󰁴󰁨󰁥󰁬󰁥󰁳󰁳, 󰁳󰁯󰁭󰁥 󰁰󰁲󰁯󰁢󰁬󰁥󰁭󰁳 󰁡󰁲󰁥 󰁡󰁳󰁳󰁯󰁣󰁩󰁡󰁴󰁥󰁤 󰁷󰁩󰁴󰁨 󰁴󰁨󰁥󰁩󰁲 󰁵󰁳󰁥, 󰁦󰁯󰁲 󰁩󰁮󰁳󰁴󰁡󰁮󰁣󰁥 󰁰󰁩󰁴󰁴󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁣󰁯󰁲󰁲󰁯󰁳󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁯󰁮 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁥󰁬 󰁳󰁵󰁲󰁦󰁡󰁣󰁥 󰁣󰁡󰁵󰁳󰁥󰁤 󰁢󰁹 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁴󰁩󰁡󰁬 󰁤󰁥󰁣󰁯󰁭󰁰󰁯󰁳󰁩󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁯󰁦 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁳 󰁡󰁴 󰁨󰁩󰁧󰁨 󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁴󰁵󰁲󰁥, 󰁡󰁮󰁤, 󰁭󰁯󰁲󰁥 󰁩󰁮 󰁧󰁥󰁮󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁬, 󰁡 󰁤󰁩󰁲󰁴󰁹 󰁷󰁯󰁲󰁫󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁥󰁮󰁶󰁩󰁲󰁯󰁮󰁭󰁥󰁮󰁴. 9  B󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁨󰁡󰁳 󰁢󰁥󰁥󰁮 󰁵󰁳󰁥󰁤 󰁦󰁯󰁲 󰁭󰁡󰁮󰁹 󰁹󰁥󰁡󰁲󰁳 󰁡󰁳 󰁡󰁮 󰁡󰁣󰁴󰁩󰁶󰁥 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁴 󰁩󰁮 󰁳󰁥󰁬󰁦󰀭󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁡󰁬󰁬󰁯󰁹󰁳 10  󰁢󰁥󰁣󰁡󰁵󰁳󰁥 󰁯󰁦 󰁩󰁴󰁳 󰁮󰁡󰁴󰁵󰁲󰁡󰁬 󰁳󰁯󰁦󰁴󰁮󰁥󰁳󰁳 󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁡󰁳 󰁡󰁮 󰁡󰁤󰁤󰁩󰁴󰁩󰁶󰁥 󰁦󰁯󰁲 󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁯󰁩󰁬󰁳. 11󰀭13  T󰁨󰁩󰁳 󰁥󰁬󰁥󰁭󰁥󰁮󰁴 󰁨󰁡󰁳 󰁦󰁯󰁵󰁮󰁤 󰁩󰁴󰁳 󰁭󰁡󰁪󰁯󰁲 󰁡󰁰󰁰󰁬󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮󰁳 󰁡󰁳 󰁡󰁮 󰁡󰁬󰁴󰁥󰁲󰁮󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁶󰁥 󰁦󰁯󰁲 󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁳 󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁥󰁤 󰁯󰁮 󰁬󰁥󰁡󰁤. B󰁯󰁴󰁨 󰁭󰁥󰁴󰁡󰁬󰁳 󰁨󰁡󰁶󰁥 󰁡 󰁨󰁩󰁧󰁨 󰁤󰁥󰁮󰁳󰁩󰁴󰁹, 󰁭󰁡󰁬󰁬󰁥󰁡󰁢󰁩󰁬󰁩󰁴󰁹, 󰁳󰁯󰁦󰁴󰁮󰁥󰁳󰁳 󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁬󰁯󰁷 󰁭󰁥󰁬󰁴󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁴󰁵󰁲󰁥. 14  T󰁨󰁥 󰁯󰁮󰁥 󰁩󰁭󰁰󰁯󰁲󰁴󰁡󰁮󰁴 󰁤󰁩󰁦󰁦󰁥󰁲󰁥󰁮󰁣󰁥 󰁢󰁥󰁴󰁷󰁥󰁥󰁮 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁴󰁷󰁯 󰁩󰁳 󰁴󰁨󰁡󰁴 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁩󰁳 󰁮󰁯󰁴 󰁴󰁯󰁸󰁩󰁣 󰁦󰁯󰁲 󰁬󰁩󰁶󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁯󰁲󰁧󰁡󰁮󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁳, 󰁩󰁮 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁴󰁲󰁡󰁳󰁴 󰁴󰁯 󰁩󰁴󰁳 󰁣󰁯󰁵󰁮󰁴󰁥󰁲󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁴 󰁬󰁥󰁡󰁤. 15  D󰁥󰁳󰁰󰁩󰁴󰁥 󰁢󰁯󰁴󰁨 󰁢󰁥󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁨󰁥󰁡󰁶󰁹 󰁭󰁥󰁴󰁡󰁬󰁳, 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁭󰁡󰁹 󰁢󰁥 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁳󰁩󰁤󰁥󰁲󰁥󰁤 󰁡󰁳 󰁡 󰁧󰁲󰁥󰁥󰁮 󰁡󰁬󰁴󰁥󰁲󰁮󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁶󰁥 󰁴󰁯 󰁬󰁥󰁡󰁤. B󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁨󰁡󰁳 󰁡󰁬󰁲󰁥󰁡󰁤󰁹 󰁢󰁥󰁥󰁮 󰁵󰁳󰁥󰁤 󰁩󰁮 󰁰󰁲󰁯󰁴󰁥󰁣󰁴󰁩󰁶󰁥 󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁣󰁯󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁮󰁧󰁳 󰁦󰁯󰁲 󰁳󰁯󰁬󰁩󰁤 󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮. 16  I󰁴 󰁨󰁡󰁳 󰁢󰁥󰁥󰁮 󰁦󰁯󰁵󰁮󰁤 󰁴󰁨󰁡󰁴 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁴󰁩󰁣󰁬󰁥󰁳 󰁣󰁡󰁮 󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁭 󰁮󰁯󰁮󰀭󰁢󰁯󰁮󰁤󰁥󰁤 󰁦󰁩󰁬󰁭󰁳 󰁯󰁮 󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁥󰁬 󰁴󰁨󰁡󰁴 󰁡󰁲󰁥 󰁥󰁡󰁳󰁩󰁬󰁹 󰁲󰁥󰁭󰁯󰁶󰁥󰁤 󰁦󰁲󰁯󰁭 󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁴󰁥󰁤 󰁳󰁵󰁲󰁦󰁡󰁣󰁥󰁳, 󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁷󰁨󰁩󰁣󰁨 󰁡󰁲󰁥 󰁤󰁵󰁥 󰁴󰁯 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁰󰁯󰁯󰁲 󰁳󰁯󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁩󰁬󰁩󰁴󰁹 󰁯󰁦 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁩󰁮 󰁩󰁲󰁯󰁮. 17,18  O󰁴󰁨󰁥󰁲 󰁣󰁯󰁭󰁰󰁯󰁵󰁮󰁤󰁳 󰁯󰁦 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁨󰁡󰁶󰁥 󰁡󰁬󰁳󰁯 󰁢󰁥󰁥󰁮 󰁳󰁴󰁵󰁤󰁩󰁥󰁤 󰁡󰁳 󰁡󰁣󰁴󰁩󰁶󰁥 󰁡󰁤󰁤󰁩󰁴󰁩󰁶󰁥󰁳 󰁩󰁮 󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁳. T󰁨󰁥 󰁰󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁥󰁮󰁣󰁥 󰁯󰁦 󰁳󰁵󰁬󰁰󰁨󰁵󰁲 󰁨󰁡󰁳 󰁡 󰁳󰁹󰁮󰁥󰁲󰁧󰁥󰁴󰁩󰁣 󰁥󰁦󰁦󰁥󰁣󰁴 󰁯󰁮 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁰󰁲󰁯󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁴󰁩󰁥󰁳 󰁯󰁦 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨. B󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁳󰁵󰁬󰁦󰁩󰁤󰁥 (B󰁩 2 S 3 ) 󰁩󰁳 󰁫󰁮󰁯󰁷󰁮 󰁴󰁯 󰁨󰁡󰁶󰁥 󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁩󰁯󰁵󰁳 󰁰󰁲󰁯󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁴󰁩󰁥󰁳, 󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁭󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁡 󰁳󰁴󰁡󰁢󰁬󰁥 󰁴󰁲󰁩󰁢󰁯󰁬󰁡󰁹󰁥󰁲 󰁯󰁮 󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁴󰁥󰁤 󰁰󰁡󰁩󰁲󰁳. 19  B󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁯󰁲󰁧󰁡󰁮󰁯󰁭󰁥󰁴󰁡󰁬󰁬󰁩󰁣 󰁣󰁯󰁭󰁰󰁯󰁵󰁮󰁤󰁳 󰁡󰁲󰁥 󰁵󰁳󰁥󰁤 󰁡󰁳 󰁡󰁤󰁤󰁩󰁴󰁩󰁶󰁥󰁳 󰁩󰁮 󰁯󰁩󰁬󰀭󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁴󰁥󰁤 󰁳󰁹󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁳, 󰁴󰁯󰁧󰁥󰁴󰁨󰁥󰁲 󰁷󰁩󰁴󰁨 󰁳󰁵󰁬󰁰󰁨󰁵󰁲 󰁣󰁡󰁲󰁲󰁩󰁥󰁲󰁳 󰁴󰁨󰁡󰁴 󰁰󰁲󰁯󰁭󰁯󰁴󰁥 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁭󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁯󰁦 󰁡 B󰁩 2 S 3  󰁴󰁲󰁩󰁢󰁯󰁬󰁡󰁹󰁥󰁲 󰁢󰁥󰁴󰁷󰁥󰁥󰁮 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁩󰁮󰁴󰁥󰁲󰁦󰁡󰁣󰁥󰁳 󰁯󰁦 󰁭󰁥󰁴󰁡󰁬󰀭󰁯󰁩󰁬󰀭󰁭󰁥󰁴󰁡󰁬. H󰁯󰁷󰁥󰁶󰁥󰁲, 󰁵󰁮󰁤󰁥󰁲 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁤󰁩󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮󰁳 󰁷󰁨󰁥󰁲󰁥 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁵󰁳󰁥 󰁯󰁦 󰁯󰁲󰁧󰁡󰁮󰁩󰁣󰀭󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁥󰁤 󰁰󰁲󰁯󰁤󰁵󰁣󰁴󰁳 󰁩󰁳 󰁵󰁮󰁦󰁡󰁶󰁯󰁲󰁡󰁢󰁬󰁥, 󰁩.󰁥. 󰁡󰁴 󰁨󰁩󰁧󰁨 󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁴󰁵󰁲󰁥󰁳, 󰁥󰁭󰁰󰁬󰁯󰁹󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁳󰁯󰁬󰁩󰁤 󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁳 󰁩󰁮 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁭 󰁯󰁦 󰁰󰁯󰁷󰁤󰁥󰁲󰁳 󰁩󰁳 󰁡 󰁳󰁯󰁬󰁵󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁴󰁯 󰁲󰁥󰁤󰁵󰁣󰁥 󰁦󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁥󰁮󰁥󰁲󰁧󰁹 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁳󰁵󰁭󰁰󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮. 9  P󰁯󰁷󰁤󰁥󰁲󰁳 󰁡󰁲󰁥 󰁴󰁹󰁰󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁬󰁬󰁹 󰁡󰁰󰁰󰁬󰁩󰁥󰁤 󰁩󰁮 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁭 󰁯󰁦 󰁡 󰁳󰁵󰁳󰁰󰁥󰁮󰁳󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁩󰁮 󰁡 󰁬󰁩󰁱󰁵󰁩󰁤 󰁳󰁯󰁬󰁶󰁥󰁮󰁴 󰁯󰁲 󰁣󰁯󰁭󰁰󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁳󰁥󰁤 󰁴󰁯 󰁡󰁣󰁴 󰁡󰁳 󰁡 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁴 󰁯󰁮 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁳󰁬󰁩󰁤󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁳󰁹󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁭. 20  A󰁰󰁰󰁬󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁯󰁦 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁮󰁴 󰁴󰁯󰁧󰁥󰁴󰁨󰁥󰁲 󰁷󰁩󰁴󰁨 󰁴󰁲󰁥󰁡󰁴󰁭󰁥󰁮󰁴 󰁯󰁦 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁷󰁡󰁳󰁴󰁥 󰁡󰁦󰁴󰁥󰁲 󰁩󰁴󰁳 󰁵󰁳󰁥 󰁳󰁨󰁯󰁵󰁬󰁤 󰁢󰁥 󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁭󰁥󰁤 󰁩󰁮 󰁡 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁴󰁲󰁯󰁬󰁬󰁥󰁤 󰁭󰁡󰁮󰁮󰁥󰁲. T󰁨󰁥󰁲󰁥󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁥, 󰁩󰁴 󰁩󰁳 󰁩󰁭󰁰󰁯󰁲󰁴󰁡󰁮󰁴 󰁴󰁨󰁡󰁴 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁮󰁴 󰁩󰁴󰁳󰁥󰁬󰁦 󰁩󰁳 󰁮󰁯󰁴 󰁴󰁯󰁸󰁩󰁣 󰁩󰁮 󰁳󰁭󰁡󰁬󰁬 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁣󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁲󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮󰁳 󰁦󰁯󰁲 󰁬󰁩󰁶󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁯󰁲󰁧󰁡󰁮󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁳. B󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁩󰁳 󰁰󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁥󰁮󰁴 󰁡󰁳 󰁡󰁤󰁤󰁩󰁴󰁩󰁶󰁥 󰁩󰁮 󰁣󰁯󰁳󰁭󰁥󰁴󰁩󰁣󰁳 󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁰󰁡󰁩󰁮󰁴󰁳, 21,22  󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁩󰀭󰁩󰁮󰁦󰁬󰁡󰁭󰁭󰁡󰁴󰁯󰁲󰁩󰁥󰁳 23  󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁤󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁡󰁬 󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁩󰁮󰁳, 5  󰁳󰁯 󰁩󰁴 󰁣󰁡󰁮 󰁢󰁥 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁳󰁩󰁤󰁥󰁲󰁥󰁤 󰁡󰁳 󰁡 󰁮󰁯󰁮󰀭󰁴󰁯󰁸󰁩󰁣 󰁭󰁡󰁴󰁥󰁲󰁩󰁡󰁬 󰁦󰁯󰁲 󰁨󰁵󰁭󰁡󰁮󰁳. E󰁸󰁰󰁯󰁳󰁵󰁲󰁥 󰁴󰁯 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁡󰁴 󰁨󰁩󰁧󰁨 󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁴󰁵󰁲󰁥󰁳 󰁩󰁳 󰁮󰁯󰁴 󰁫󰁮󰁯󰁷󰁮 󰁴󰁯 󰁨󰁡󰁶󰁥 󰁴󰁯󰁸󰁩󰁣 󰁥󰁦󰁦󰁥󰁣󰁴󰁳. B󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁭󰁥󰁴󰁡󰁬 󰁨󰁡󰁳 󰁡 󰁬󰁯󰁷 󰁶󰁡󰁰󰁯󰁲 󰁰󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁳󰁵󰁲󰁥 󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁩󰁳 󰁪󰁵󰁳󰁴 󰁳󰁬󰁩󰁧󰁨󰁴󰁬󰁹 󰁡󰁢󰁳󰁯󰁲󰁢󰁡󰁢󰁬󰁥 󰁢󰁹 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁰󰁩󰁲󰁡󰁴󰁯󰁲󰁹 󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁩󰁮󰁴󰁥󰁳󰁴󰁩󰁮󰁡󰁬 󰁴󰁲󰁡󰁣󰁴󰁳. 24  T󰁨󰁥󰁲󰁥󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁥, 󰁩󰁮 󰁴󰁨󰁩󰁳 󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁥󰁡󰁲󰁣󰁨 󰁷󰁥 󰁥󰁸󰁰󰁬󰁯󰁲󰁥 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁡󰁰󰁰󰁬󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮󰁳 󰁯󰁦 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁳󰁥󰁶󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁬 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁣󰁯󰁭󰁰󰁯󰁵󰁮󰁤󰁳 󰁡󰁳 󰁨󰁩󰁧󰁨 󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁴󰁵󰁲󰁥 󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁳. B󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁳󰁡󰁬󰁴󰁳 󰁨󰁡󰁶󰁥 󰁨󰁡󰁲󰁤󰁬󰁹 󰁢󰁥󰁥󰁮 󰁳󰁴󰁵󰁤󰁩󰁥󰁤 󰁡󰁳 󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁳 󰁩󰁮 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁭 󰁯󰁦 󰁦󰁲󰁥󰁥 󰁰󰁯󰁷󰁤󰁥󰁲󰁳 Page 2 of 20ACS Paragon Plus EnvironmentACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960  3 󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁬󰁩󰁴󰁴󰁬󰁥 󰁩󰁳 󰁫󰁮󰁯󰁷󰁮 󰁡󰁢󰁯󰁵󰁴 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁣󰁨󰁥󰁭󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁬 󰁭󰁯󰁤󰁩󰁦󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮󰁳 󰁴󰁨󰁡󰁴 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁵󰁮󰁤󰁥󰁲󰁧󰁯󰁥󰁳 󰁷󰁨󰁥󰁮 󰁰󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁥󰁮󰁴 󰁩󰁮 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁴󰁡󰁣󰁴 󰁢󰁥󰁴󰁷󰁥󰁥󰁮 󰁴󰁷󰁯 󰁳󰁬󰁩󰁤󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁳󰁵󰁲󰁦󰁡󰁣󰁥󰁳. 󰁅󰁘󰁐󰁅󰁒󰁉󰁍󰁅󰁎󰁔󰁁󰁌 󰁐󰁲󰁥󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁯󰁦 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁳󰁵󰁳󰁰󰁥󰁮󰁳󰁩󰁯󰁮󰁳.  B󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁭󰁥󰁴󰁡󰁬 󰁰󰁯󰁷󰁤󰁥󰁲 (B󰁩, ABCR, 99.9 %), 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 (III) 󰁳󰁵󰁬󰁦󰁩󰁤󰁥 (B󰁩 2 S 3 , ABCR, 99.9 %), 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 (III) 󰁯󰁸󰁩󰁤󰁥 (B󰁩 2 O 3 , A󰁬󰁦󰁡 A󰁥󰁳󰁡󰁲, 99 %) 󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 (III) 󰁳󰁵󰁬󰁦󰁡󰁴󰁥 (B󰁩 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , A󰁬󰁦󰁡 A󰁥󰁳󰁡󰁲, 99 %) 󰁷󰁥󰁲󰁥 󰁵󰁳󰁥󰁤 󰁡󰁳 󰁲󰁥󰁣󰁥󰁩󰁶󰁥󰁤, 󰁷󰁩󰁴󰁨󰁯󰁵󰁴 󰁦󰁵󰁲󰁴󰁨󰁥󰁲 󰁰󰁵󰁲󰁩󰁦󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮. T󰁨󰁥 󰁰󰁯󰁷󰁤󰁥󰁲󰁳 󰁷󰁥󰁲󰁥 󰁳󰁵󰁳󰁰󰁥󰁮󰁤󰁥󰁤 󰁩󰁮 󰁷󰁡󰁴󰁥󰁲 󰁴󰁯 󰁡 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁣󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁲󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁯󰁦 2 󰁷% 󰁩󰁮 󰁣󰁬󰁯󰁳󰁥󰁤 󰁢󰁯󰁴󰁴󰁬󰁥󰁳. T󰁨󰁥 󰁳󰁵󰁳󰁰󰁥󰁮󰁳󰁩󰁯󰁮󰁳 󰁷󰁥󰁲󰁥 󰁰󰁬󰁡󰁣󰁥󰁤 󰁯󰁮 󰁡 󰁲󰁯󰁬󰁬󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁢󰁥󰁮󰁣󰁨 󰁷󰁩󰁴󰁨 󰁺󰁩󰁲󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁩󰁵󰁭 󰁯󰁸󰁩󰁤󰁥 󰁢󰁥󰁡󰁤󰁳 ( φ   = 1 󰁭󰁭) 󰁦󰁯󰁲 48 󰁨 󰁩󰁮 󰁯󰁲󰁤󰁥󰁲 󰁴󰁯 󰁲󰁥󰁤󰁵󰁣󰁥 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁴󰁩󰁣󰁬󰁥 󰁳󰁩󰁺󰁥 󰁯󰁦 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁰󰁯󰁷󰁤󰁥󰁲󰁳, 󰁡󰁳 󰁡 󰁳󰁴󰁡󰁮󰁤󰁡󰁲󰁤 󰁰󰁲󰁯󰁣󰁥󰁤󰁵󰁲󰁥 󰁴󰁯 󰁧󰁲󰁩󰁮󰁤 󰁳󰁵󰁳󰁰󰁥󰁮󰁤󰁥󰁤 󰁰󰁯󰁷󰁤󰁥󰁲󰁳. T󰁨󰁥 󰁳󰁵󰁳󰁰󰁥󰁮󰁳󰁩󰁯󰁮󰁳 󰁷󰁥󰁲󰁥 󰁴󰁨󰁥󰁮 󰁴󰁲󰁡󰁮󰁳󰁦󰁥󰁲󰁲󰁥󰁤 󰁴󰁯 󰁡 󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁥󰁬 󰁰󰁩󰁮 󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁤󰁲󰁩󰁥󰁤 󰁯󰁮 󰁡 󰁨󰁯󰁴 󰁰󰁬󰁡󰁴󰁥 󰁡󰁴 90 󰂰C. T󰁹󰁰󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁬󰁬󰁹, 󰁡 󰁱󰁵󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁩󰁴󰁹 󰁯󰁦 200 µ L 󰁯󰁦 󰁥󰁡󰁣󰁨 󰁳󰁵󰁳󰁰󰁥󰁮󰁳󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁷󰁡󰁳 󰁴󰁲󰁡󰁮󰁳󰁦󰁥󰁲󰁲󰁥󰁤 󰁷󰁩󰁴󰁨 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁨󰁥󰁬󰁰 󰁯󰁦 󰁡 󰁰󰁩󰁰󰁥󰁴󰁴󰁥 󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁤󰁲󰁩󰁥󰁤 󰁯󰁮 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁳󰁵󰁲󰁦󰁡󰁣󰁥 󰁯󰁦 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁭󰁥󰁡󰁳󰁵󰁲󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁥󰁬 󰁰󰁩󰁮. 󰁃󰁨󰁡󰁲󰁡󰁣󰁴󰁥󰁲󰁩󰁺󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮. P󰁩󰁮󰀭󰁯󰁮󰀭D󰁩󰁳󰁣: T󰁨󰁥 󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁰󰁲󰁯󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁴󰁩󰁥󰁳 󰁯󰁦 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁢󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁵󰁴󰁨 󰁳󰁡󰁬󰁴 󰁰󰁯󰁷󰁤󰁥󰁲 󰁦󰁩󰁬󰁭󰁳 󰁷󰁥󰁲󰁥 󰁡󰁳󰁳󰁥󰁳󰁳󰁥󰁤 󰁢󰁹 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁵󰁳󰁥 󰁯󰁦 󰁡 H󰁩󰁧󰁨󰀭T󰁥󰁭󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁴󰁵󰁲󰁥 P󰁩󰁮󰀭󰁯󰁮󰀭D󰁩󰁳󰁣 (P󰁯D) 󰁴󰁲󰁩󰁢󰁯󰁭󰁥󰁴󰁥󰁲 󰁯󰁦 CSM 󰁩󰁮󰁳󰁴󰁲󰁵󰁭󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁳. T󰁨󰁩󰁳 󰁴󰁥󰁣󰁨󰁮󰁩󰁱󰁵󰁥 󰁡󰁬󰁬󰁯󰁷󰁳 󰁴󰁯 󰁲󰁥󰁣󰁯󰁲󰁤 󰁦󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁣󰁥󰁳 󰁢󰁥󰁴󰁷󰁥󰁥󰁮 󰁴󰁷󰁯 󰁳󰁬󰁩󰁤󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁳󰁵󰁲󰁦󰁡󰁣󰁥󰁳 󰁷󰁨󰁥󰁮 󰁡 󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁮󰁴 󰁩󰁳 󰁰󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁥󰁮󰁴 󰁩󰁮 󰁢󰁥󰁴󰁷󰁥󰁥󰁮 󰁴󰁨󰁥󰁭. T󰁨󰁥 󰁧󰁲󰁡󰁮󰁵󰁬󰁡󰁲 󰁮󰁡󰁴󰁵󰁲󰁥 󰁯󰁦 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁮󰁴 󰁭󰁡󰁤󰁥 󰁩󰁴 󰁮󰁥󰁣󰁥󰁳󰁳󰁡󰁲󰁹 󰁴󰁯 󰁡󰁤󰁡󰁰󰁴 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁣󰁬󰁡󰁳󰁳󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁬 P󰁯D 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁦󰁩󰁧󰁵󰁲󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮, 󰁢󰁥󰁣󰁡󰁵󰁳󰁥 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁵󰁳󰁥 󰁯󰁦 󰁡 󰁢󰁥󰁡󰁲󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁢󰁡󰁬󰁬 󰁩󰁭󰁰󰁬󰁩󰁥󰁳 󰁡 󰁳󰁩󰁮󰁧󰁬󰁥 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁴󰁡󰁣󰁴 󰁰󰁯󰁩󰁮󰁴 󰁢󰁥󰁴󰁷󰁥󰁥󰁮 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁴󰁷󰁯 󰁭󰁥󰁴󰁡󰁬 󰁳󰁵󰁲󰁦󰁡󰁣󰁥󰁳. I󰁮 󰁯󰁵󰁲 󰁥󰁸󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁩󰁭󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁳 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁢󰁡󰁬󰁬󰁳 󰁷󰁥󰁲󰁥 󰁦󰁬󰁡󰁴󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁥󰁤 󰁳󰁯 󰁴󰁨󰁡󰁴 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁮󰁴 󰁣󰁯󰁵󰁬󰁤 󰁢󰁥 󰁡󰁰󰁰󰁬󰁩󰁥󰁤 󰁯󰁮 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁳󰁵󰁲󰁦󰁡󰁣󰁥 󰁯󰁦 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁰󰁩󰁮󰁳 󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁣󰁯󰁵󰁬󰁤 󰁢󰁥 󰁥󰁭󰁰󰁬󰁯󰁹󰁥󰁤 󰁷󰁨󰁥󰁮 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁤󰁩󰁳󰁣󰁳 󰁨󰁡󰁤 󰁲󰁥󰁡󰁣󰁨󰁥󰁤 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁳󰁥󰁴 󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁴󰁵󰁲󰁥󰁳. T󰁨󰁥 󰁰󰁩󰁮󰁳 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁳󰁩󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁤 󰁯󰁦 󰁦󰁬󰁡󰁴󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁥󰁤 󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁥󰁬 󰁢󰁥󰁡󰁲󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁢󰁡󰁬󰁬󰁳 (10 󰁭󰁭 󰁤󰁩󰁡󰁭󰁥󰁴󰁥󰁲, SKF). T󰁨󰁥 󰁳󰁵󰁲󰁦󰁡󰁣󰁥 󰁯󰁦 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁥󰁬 󰁰󰁩󰁮 󰁷󰁡󰁳 27 󰁭󰁭 2  (󰁤󰁩󰁳󰁣 󰁤󰁩󰁡󰁭󰁥󰁴󰁥󰁲 󰁯󰁦 φ   = 5.9 󰁭󰁭), 󰁧󰁩󰁶󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁡 󰁳󰁵󰁲󰁦󰁡󰁣󰁥 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁣󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁲󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁯󰁦 󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁮󰁴 󰁯󰁦 75 µ 󰁧/󰁭󰁭 2 (󰁯󰁲 75 󰁧/󰁭 2 ). T󰁨󰁥 󰁡󰁰󰁰󰁬󰁩󰁥󰁤 󰁬󰁯󰁡󰁤 󰁷󰁡󰁳 10 N, 󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁵󰁬󰁴󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁩󰁮 󰁡󰁮 󰁥󰁦󰁦󰁥󰁣󰁴󰁩󰁶󰁥 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁴󰁡󰁣󰁴 󰁰󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁳󰁵󰁲󰁥 󰁯󰁦 370 󰁫P󰁡. T󰁨󰁥 󰁲󰁯󰁴󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁤󰁩󰁳󰁫 󰁷󰁡󰁳 󰁭󰁡󰁤󰁥 󰁯󰁦 EN 10278 󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁥󰁬 󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁷󰁡󰁳 󰁰󰁯󰁬󰁩󰁳󰁨󰁥󰁤, 󰁡󰁳 󰁷󰁥󰁬󰁬 󰁡󰁳 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁦󰁬󰁡󰁴󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁥󰁤 󰁢󰁥󰁡󰁲󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁢󰁡󰁬󰁬󰁳, 󰁷󰁩󰁴󰁨 S󰁩C 󰁰󰁡󰁰󰁥󰁲 󰁷󰁩󰁴󰁨 󰁡 󰁭󰁡󰁸󰁩󰁭󰁵󰁭 󰁭󰁥󰁳󰁨 󰁯󰁦 2000 󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁤󰁩󰁡󰁭󰁯󰁮󰁤 󰁰󰁡󰁳󰁴󰁥 󰁯󰁦 3 µ 󰁭 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁴󰁩󰁣󰁬󰁥 󰁳󰁩󰁺󰁥. T󰁨󰁥 󰁣󰁡󰁬󰁣󰁵󰁬󰁡󰁴󰁥󰁤 󰁡󰁲󰁩󰁴󰁨󰁭󰁥󰁴󰁩󰁣 󰁲󰁯󰁵󰁧󰁨󰁮󰁥󰁳󰁳 󰁯󰁦 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁥󰁬 󰁳󰁵󰁲󰁦󰁡󰁣󰁥󰁳 󰁷󰁡󰁳 󰁒 󰁡  = 0.90 󰂱 0.25 µ 󰁭. T󰁨󰁥 󰁭󰁥󰁡󰁳󰁵󰁲󰁥󰁭󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁳 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁳󰁩󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁤 󰁯󰁦 󰁲󰁥󰁣󰁯󰁲󰁤󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁯󰁦 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁦󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁣󰁥 󰁦󰁯󰁲 󰁡 󰁭󰁡󰁸󰁩󰁭󰁵󰁭 󰁯󰁦 󰁯󰁮󰁥 󰁲󰁯󰁴󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 󰁯󰁦 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁰󰁩󰁮 󰁯󰁶󰁥󰁲 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁤󰁩󰁳󰁣, 󰁡󰁴 󰁡 󰁶󰁥󰁬󰁯󰁣󰁩󰁴󰁹 󰁯󰁦 1 󰁭󰁭/󰁳. D󰁡󰁴󰁡 󰁷󰁥󰁲󰁥 󰁣󰁯󰁬󰁬󰁥󰁣󰁴󰁥󰁤 󰁦󰁲󰁯󰁭 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁦󰁩󰁲󰁳󰁴 󰁤󰁡󰁴󰁡 󰁰󰁯󰁩󰁮󰁴󰁳 󰁡󰁦󰁴󰁥󰁲 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁴󰁡󰁣󰁴 󰁢󰁥󰁴󰁷󰁥󰁥󰁮 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁰󰁩󰁮+󰁬󰁵󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁮󰁴 󰁡󰁮󰁤 󰁴󰁨󰁥 󰁤󰁩󰁳󰁣 󰁡󰁴 󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁴󰁵󰁲󰁥󰁳 󰁶󰁡󰁲󰁹󰁩󰁮󰁧 󰁦󰁲󰁯󰁭 25 󰁴󰁯 580 󰂰C. T󰁨󰁥 󰁣󰁯󰁥󰁦󰁦󰁩󰁣󰁩󰁥󰁮󰁴 󰁯󰁦 󰁦󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮 (C󰁯F) 󰁷󰁡󰁳 󰁡󰁶󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁧󰁥󰁤 󰁯󰁶󰁥󰁲 󰁡 󰁭󰁩󰁮󰁩󰁭󰁵󰁭 󰁯󰁦 5 󰁲󰁥󰁰󰁥󰁴󰁩󰁴󰁩󰁯󰁮󰁳. T󰁨󰁥 󰁴󰁹󰁰󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁬 󰁴󰁩󰁭󰁥 󰁳󰁣󰁡󰁬󰁥 󰁯󰁦 󰁡󰁮 Page 3 of 20ACS Paragon Plus EnvironmentACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960