Waqf: Meaning, Kinds, Object And Purpose

Transcript

WAQF: AQF: MEANING, KINDS, OBJECT AND PURPOSE FAMILY LAW II ASSIGNMENT By: Snigdha Roy  B.A.,LLB(H) 4t S!"!#t!$ CONTENT 1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………….... 1 2. Meaning of Waqf…………………………………………………………………1-2 3. Kinds of Waqf……………………………………………………………………2-3 4. Valid Object of Waqf…………………………………………………………….4- . !egal "onsequences of Waqf…………………………………………………….  #. "onclusion……………………………………………………………………….. # $. %ibliogra&'(……………………………………………………………………... $ INTRODUCTION !iteral )eaning of t'e *ord *aqf is +detention,. In t'e language of la* *aqf )eans detention of a &ro&ert( so t'at its &roduce or inco)e )a( al*a(s be aailable for religious or c'aritable &ur&oses. W'en a *aqf is created t'e &ro&ert( is detained or is +tied u&, foreer and t'ereafter beco)es non-transferable. Meaning and arious t(&es of t'e *aqf is defined in t'is &rojects. /'ere is object be'ind )a0ing a *aqf. Office of Muta*alli )anager is er( i)&ortant. Waqf is binding and enforceable b( la* it 'as legal consequences *'ic' are dealt in t'is &roject. /'e la* of *aqf is t'e )ost i)&ortant branc' of Mo'a))edan !a* for it is inter*oen *it' t'e entire religious life and social econo)( of Musli)s. MEANING OF WAQF W'en Musli) a &erson *'o is *or0ing for c'aritable &ur&ose under religious fait' and senti)ents and for t'e benefit and u&lift)ent of t'e societ( 'as donate 'is &ro&ert( in t'e na)e of lla' is called *aqf. Waqf literall( )eans +detention, sto&&age or t(ing u& )eaning t'ereb( t'at t'e o*ners'i& of dedicated &ro&ert( is ta0en a*a( fro) t'e &erson )a0ing *aqf and transferred and detained  b( 5od. 6etails are gien in old te7ts about *aqf )ade b( &ro&'et. It is obsered in M Ka8i) s  sg'ar li t'at tec'nicall( it )eans a dedication of so)e s&ecific &ro&ert( for a &ious  &ur&ose or secession of &ious &ur&oses. s defined b( Musli) jurists suc' as bu 9anifa Waqf is t'e detention of a s&ecific t'ing t'at is in t'e o*ners'i& of t'e *aqif or a&&ro&riator and t'e deotion of its &rofits or usufructs to c'arit( t'e &oor or ot'er good objects to acco))odate loan. Waqf ct 1:4 defines Waqf as Waqf )eans t'e &er)anent dedication b( a &erson  &rofessing t'e Isla) of an( )oable or i))oable &ro&ert( for an( &ur&ose recogni8ed b( Musli) !a* as religious &ious or c'aritable.; In so)e cases li0e Kassi)ia' "'arities . ublic Waqf= /'ose *'ic' are dedicated to t'e &ublic at large 'aing no restrictions of an( 0ind regarding its use. ?or e7a)&le bridges roads *ells. 2. @uasi-&ublic Waqf= /'ose *'ic' are &artl( &ublic and &artl( to &roide for t'e benefit of a  &articular indiidual or a class of indiiduals *'ic' )a( be t'e settlor,s fa)il(. 3. >riate Waqf= /'ose *'ic' are for t'e benefit of &riate indiiduals including t'e settlor ,s fa)il( or relations. a()ent of )one( to ?a0irs. E. 5rant to an Idga'. :. 5rant to t'e college and &roisions for &rofessors to teac' in colleges. 1F. %ridges and "araan erfor)ance of cere)onies 0no*n as Kada) <'arif. 1. /'e construction of a "obat or free boarding 'ouse for &ilgri)s at Mecca. 1#. >erfor)ing t'e annual ?ate'a of t'e )e)bers of 'is fa)il(. 1$.  6urga'or or s'rine of a >ir *'ic' 'as long been 'eld in eneration b( t'e &ublic. /'e follo*ing are not recogni8ed as alid objects of *aqf b( t'e Musal)an la*. 1. Objects &ro'ibited b( Isla) e.g. erecting or )aintaining a c'urc' or te)&le. 2.  *aqf in faour of absolute strangers toug' t'ere *as an i))ediate and substantial gift to c'arit(. 3. >roiding for t'e ric' e7clusiel(. 4. Objects *'ic' are uncertain. .  direction to s&end a certain su) of )one( for feasting "utc'i Me)ons eer( (ear on t'e anniersar( of t'e anniersar( of t'e settler,s deat' is not alid. LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF WAQF Once a *aqf is co)&lete t'e follo*ing are t'e consequences G  1. 6edication to 5od G /'e &ro&ert( ests in 5od in t'e sense t'at nobod( can clai) o*ners'i& of it. In Md. Is)ail s /'a0ur er)anent or >er&etual G >er&etualit( is an essential ele)ent of *aqf. Once t'e &ro&ert( is gien to *aqf it re)ains for t'e *aqf for eer. Waqf cannot be of a s&ecified ti)e duration. In Mst >eeran s 9afi8 Mo'a))ad 3 it *as 'eld b( lla'bad 9" t'at t'e *aqf of a 'ouse  built on a land leased for a fi7ed ter) *as inalid. 4.Inalienable G ious or c'aritable use G /'e usufructs of t'e *aqf &ro&ert( can onl( be used for &ious and c'aritable &ur&ose. It can also be used for descendants in case of a &riate *aqf. #.B7tinction of t'e rig't of *a0if G /'e *a0if loses all rig'ts een to t'e usufructs of t'e  &ro&ert(. 9e cannot clai) an( benefits fro) t'at &ro&ert(. $. >o*er of court,s ins&ection G /'e courts 'ae t'e &o*er to ins&ect t'e functioning or )anage)ent of t'e *aqf &ro&ert(. Misuse of t'e &ro&ert( of usufructs is a cri)inal offence as  &er Waqf ct.1::.  AIR %&'' A//. +0% CONCLUSION Waqf is a detention *'ic' is &er)anent and binding and enforceable b( la* also an( &erson interested )a( see0 re)ed( in ciil court. Office of )uta*alli is er( i)&ortant in *aqf  &o*er can be e7ercised *'en t'ere is clear acanc( of )uta*allis'i& or t'ere is dis&ute as to co)&etence or eligibilit( of e7isting )uta*alli.  Musli) *aqf is distinguis'ed fro) an Bnglis' trust or a 9indu endo*)ent of d'ar)a. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. 'tt&s=HH***.la*cto&us.co)Hacade)i0eHconce&t-*aqf-)usli)-la*H last isited on &ril 1# 2F1$ 2.***.india0anoon.co) last isited on &ril 1#2F1$ 3. <(ed K'ali Das'id Musli) !a* Bastern %oo0 "o)&an( !uc0no*  t' edn. 2F1#