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2011, Vol. 19, No. 6, Advances in Psychological Science DOI: /SP.J * 情绪和社会行为的迷走神经活动基础 (, ) Porges 基于自主神经进化观点提出的多迷走神经理论, 区分了无髓鞘迷走神经与髓鞘迷走神经的不同功能 认为对心脏等起调控作用的髓鞘迷走神经, 经由进化逐渐与调控头面部肌肉的脑神经之间产生了神经上的联系, 成为情绪和社会行为的神经基础 已有的相关实证研究表明, 髓鞘迷走神经与个体的情绪表达与调节 社会行为以及情绪与社会行为障碍密切相关 较低的迷走神经张力 较低的迷走抑制与较低的情绪调节能力相关 ; 迷走抑制较高的学前儿童有较少的行为问题以及较好的社交技能 ; 焦虑障碍的个体表现出较低的基线迷走张力以及较低的迷走抑制水平等 多迷走神经理论及其实证研究的结果, 对于推动情绪和社会行为的自主神经基础研究具有重要的意义 情绪 ; 社会行为 ; 迷走神经 ; 多迷走神经理论 B845 1 引言 (Stephens, Christie, & Friedman, 2010) (Levenson, 2003; Stephens et al. 2010),, (Levenson, 2003) (Levenson, 2003), Porges : * ( ) ( 08JAXLX011) :, (Polyvagal Theory, Porges, 1995, 1998, 2001, 2003, 2007),,,, Porges,,, 2 情绪和社会行为的多迷走神经理论 2.1 迷走神经及其对内脏状态的调节, Porges,, 853 (Porges, 2009) (freezing behaviors) ;, (Porges, 1995, 2001, 2007) (, ) ( ),,, ;,,, Porges (2003) (, ) (, ) (Porges, 2003),,,,,,,, (Porges, 1998) -,,, (Porges, 2001) 2.2 迷走神经的进化与 心脏 - 面孔 连结的形成 (Porges, 2007) Porges,,, (Porges, 1995, 2001, 2007) ( ),, (Porges, 1998),, (brainstem source nuclei) (dorsal motor nucleus, ) (nucleus ambiguus, NA, ),,,, (Porges, 2009), (Porges & Furman, 2011),,, -, - - (Porges & Furman, 2011) 2.3 内脏状态与情绪和社会行为的连结 社会参与系统 (neuroception, Porges, 2004, 2007), ;, - - 6 : 855 (mobilization system);, (immobilization system) Porges (2007),,,, ( 1), Ⅴ Ⅶ Ⅸ Ⅹ Ⅺ ( ), (, ) ( ); (Porges, 2007),, (Porges, 1998) 1 (Porges, 2007) (,, ) (, ) 2.4 心脏迷走神经张力的测量, Hering 1910, (Porges, 2007),, ;, (respiratory sinus arrhythmia, RSA), (Porges, Doussard-Roosevelt, & Portales, 1996), RSA (Porges, 2003) RSA ( 0.12 Hz~0.40 Hz), RSA : RSA RSA RSA ;, RSA, RSA, RSA,,, (heart rate variability, HRV), (LF, 0.04 Hz~0.15 Hz) ; (HF, 0.15 Hz~0.40 Hz) (,,,,,,, 2006;,,,,,,, 2007),, HF HF RSA (Porges, 2007), RSA, HF HRV LF HF, RSA (Porges, 2007) 3 迷走神经与情绪 社会行为和精神障碍 3.1 迷走神经与情绪调节 Calkins, Dedmon Gill (2002), 6, 4~5, 8 (Gottman & Katz, 2002) Buss, Goldsmith Davidson (2005),, 24 RSA Calkins Keane (2004),, RSA (Demaree & Everhart, 2004) RSA (Allen, Matthews, & Kenyon, 2000; Gyurak & Ayduk, 2008), RSA (Demaree, Robinson, Everhart, & Schmeichel, 2004), 3.2 迷走神经与社会行为 Sachis, Armstrong Becker (1982),,, 24, (Porges & Furman, 2011) Pereyra (1992),,, (Porges, 2007), (Porges & Furman, 2011) RSA, RSA, (Huffman, Bryan, del Carmen, Pedersen, Doussard-Roosevelt, & Porges, 1998),,, (Stifter, Fox, & Porges, 1989) HRV (Ruiz- Padial, Sollers, Vila, & Thayer, 2003),, RSA (Porges et al., 1996) (Calkins & Dedmon, 2000), RSA (Calkins & Dedmon, 2000), Calkins (2004), Hastings De (2008a), 6 : 857, ;, RSA (restrictive-parenting practices), RSA (Kennedy, Rubin, Hastings, & Maisel, 2004);, - (Leary & Katz, 2004) 3.3 迷走神经与情绪和社会行为障碍 Ming, Julu, Brimacombe, Connor Daniels (2005), Bal, Harden, Lamb, Hecke, Denver Porges (2010) RSA,,, RSA ;, RSA,, RSA, RSA (Hecke, Lebow, Bal, Lamb, Harden, Kramer, Denver, Bazhenova, & Porges, 2009) Hirstein, Iversen Ramachandran (2001), ( ),,, RSA,,,,, DSM-Ⅳ (BPD), BPD BPD RSA,, BPD RSA, (Austin, Riniolo, & Porges, 2007) Weinberg, Klonsky Hajcak (2009),, BPD RSA ;, BPD, ; BPD BPD, -,, RSA (Lyonfields, Borkovec, & Thayer, 1995; Friedman & Thayer, 1998), RSA RSA (Chambers & Allen, 2002), (Rottenberg, Salomon, Gross, & Gotlib, 2005) HRV,,, (Friedman, 2007) (Movius & Allen, 2005),, RSA, 4 总结与展望 4.1 已有研究的价值, NEXUS Porges (Dykema, 2006), Porges,,,,,,,,,, Porges (Porges, 2003;,, 2008), ; (Porges, 2003) 4.2 已有研究的局限, RSA (Beauchaine, Gatzke-Kopp, & Mead, 2007; Calkins, Graziano, & Keane, 2007; Dietrich, Riese, Sondeijker, Greaves-Lord, van Room, Ormel, Neeleman, Rosmalen, 2007) (Hastings et al., 2008a; Hastings et al, 2008b) (Beauchaine, 2001;,, 2006); (Hastings et al., 2008b) (Beauchaine et al., 2007),,,, ;, (Porges, 2007) Thayer Lane (2000, 2009) (,, 2010),, RSA Grossman Taylor (2007), RSA,, ;, RSA β- RSA,, RSA 4.3 未来研究的方向,, - -,,, ;,,,,, RSA, 董光恒, 杨丽珠. 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Brain and Cognition, 71, Vagal Basis of Emotion and Social Behavior QIN Rong-Cai; WANG Zhen-Hong; Lü-Wei (School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi an , China) Abstract: By investigating the evolution of autonomic nervous system, Porges proposed Polyvagal Theory, considering myelinated vagal nerve and unmyelinated vagal nerve have different functions. During evolution, neurological relation gradually comes into being between myelinated vagal nerve which regulates visceral state such as heart state, and the other cranial nerves which regulate the muscles of face and head, and it forms the neural substrate of emotion and social behavior. Existing empirical evidence suggests that myelinated vagal nerve is closely related to individual s emotion expressiveness and regulation, social behavior and difficulties in emotion and social behavior. Both lower vagal tone and lower vagal suppression are related to lower ability of emotion regulation. Children with higher vagal suppression display less behavior problems and exhibit better social skill. Individuals with anxiety disorder show lower baseline of vagal tone and lower vagal suppression. Polyvagal Theory and related empirical evidence is of great significance for promoting the study of neural basis of emotion and social behavior. Key words: emotion; social behavior; vagal nerve; polyvagal theory
