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GEISENHEIM RIESLING CLONES Hochschule GEISENHEIM University Zentrum Angewandte Biologie Institut für Rebenzüchtung ORIGIN OF RIESLING Largely unknown Probably a combination between Traminer and Vitis silvestris V. silvestris once spread along the middle european river floodplains (might have been cultivated by the Celts) The product of these was crossed with Heunisch ((Traminer x V. silvestris) x Heunisch) (Regner 1998) X?) X = Titel der Präsentation ORIGIN OF RIESLING 1435 officially dokumented for the first time on an invoice for grapevine plantings for the Earl Johann IV von Katzenelnbogen Bingen 1464 / 1465 Mosel 1490 the first documented Ruslingwingart Riesling vineyard located near Worms Titel der Präsentation IMPROFMENT OF DOMESTIC WINE QUALITY 1787: German Elector and Archbishop Clemens Wenzeslaus of Trier enacted an edict: It was only allowed to plant good vines in particular the grapevine variety Riesling in the Mosel region and parts of the Middle Rhine region as well Geisenheim Riesling Clones IMPROFMENT OF DOMESTIC WINE QUALITY Titel der Präsentation ACREAGE OF RIESLING WORLD WIDE Country acreage % Germany ,4 Australia ,1 France ,9 USA ,9 Austria ,8 New Sealand 636 2,5 Canada 440 1,3 Chile 293 0,8 South Africa 276 0,8 In total ,1 Geisenheim Riesling Clones GEISENHEIM AS BREEDER 25 Grapevine varieties registered with 191 clones Bundessortenamt Main varieties White Riesling: 49 clones Pinot group: 56 clones and 20 other varieties with 86 clones CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SELECTION OF GRAPEVINES Grapevines are propagated vegetatively Very old cultivated plant with many varieties ( ) Most of the varieties are rather old: 2000 years? Old varieties are trendy Name of variety plays an important role for the consumer Chimeras and mutations lead to genetical variation within the varieties and offer the possibility of clonal selection WHAT IS A CHIMERA? Greek Mythology: Derives from the old greek word Chimaira, and is a fire spitting mythical creature with a lion head, the body of a goat, and a tail of a dragon; it had been killed by Bellerophon. Botanical: Individual, consisting of different genetical parts Source: Bibliographisches Institut & F.A. Brockhaus AG, 2003 CHIMERA ARE BUILT BY MUTATIONS ON VARIOUS PARTS OF THE PLANT TYPICAL PINOT MUTATIONS MUTATIONS IN RIESLING (RED RIESLING) Titel der Präsentation DEVELOPMENT FROM MUTATION TO CHIMERA sectorial chimera solid mutant L1 mutated L2 periclinal chimera not mutated L3 mericlinal chimera not mutated CLONAL SELECTION SCHEME Starting population A-clones vines ~6 years B-clones vines ~6 years C-clones vines ~6 years Mass propagation RIESLING CLONES traditional Geisenheim clones 24 Gm, 64 Gm, 94 Gm, 110 Gm, 198 Gm, 237 Gm, 239 Gm and its subklones high yield stability well known wine quality big ecological range Were are the differences?? BERRY SIZE?? 2,675 - 3,21 DISTRIBUTION OF BERRY SIZE W. RIESLING CL GM Anteil der Beeren in % 0,535 0,535 - 1,07 1,07 - 1,605 1,605 - 2,14 2,14 - 2,675 Volumen in ccm 2,675 - 3,21 DISTRIBUTION OF BERRY SIZE W. RIESLING CL GM Anteil der Beeren in % 0,535 0,535 - 1,07 1,07 - 1,605 1,605 - 2,14 2,14 - 2,675 Volumen in ccm 2,675 - 3,21 DISTRIBUTION OF BERRY SIZE W. RIESLING CL GM Anteil der Beeren in % 0,535 0,535 - 1,07 1,07 - 1,605 1,605 - 2,14 2,14 - 2,675 Volumen in ccm 2,675 - 3,21 DISTRIBUTION OF BERRY SIZE W. RIESLING CL GM Anteil der Beeren in % 0,535 0,535 - 1,07 1,07 - 1,605 1,605 - 2,14 2,14 - 2,675 Volumen in ccm 2,675 - 3,21 DISTRIBUTION OF BERRY SIZE W. RIESLING CL GM Anteil der Beeren in % 0,535 0,535 - 1,07 1,07 - 1,605 1,605 - 2,14 2,14 - 2,675 Volumen in ccm 2,675 - 3,21 DISTRIBUTION OF BERRY SIZE W. RIESLING CL GM Anteil der Beeren in % 0,535 0,535 - 1,07 1,07 - 1,605 1,605 - 2,14 2,14 - 2,675 Volumen in ccm 2,675 - 3,21 DISTRIBUTION OF BERRY SIZE RED RIESLING CL. 26 GM Anteil der Beeren in % 0,535 0,535 - 1,07 1,07 - 1,605 1,605 - 2,14 2,14 - 2,675 Volumen in ccm Kl. 26 Gm LOOSE BUNCH INDEX VOLUME/WEIGHT OF DIFFERENT CLONES WHITE AND RED RIESLINGS 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 Volumen / Gewicht 0 Kl Gm Kl Gm Kl Gm Kl Gm Kl Gm Kl Gm Klone POLYPHENOL PVPP INDEXES WHITE AND RED RIESLING 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 PVPP-Polyphenol Index 0 Kl Gm Kl Gm Kl Gm Kl Gm Kl Gm Kl Gm Kl. 26 Gm Riesling Clones YIELD COMPONENTS Ertrag [kg/a] Mostgewicht [ Oe] titrierbare Säure im Most [g/l] Ertrag Mostgewicht Mostsäure TERPENE Linalool blumig, maiglöckchenartig OH 4-6 µg/l (in Wasser) 15 µg/l (in Wein) Geraniol (cis) süß, blumig, rosenartig Nerol (trans) rosenartig, frisch, pflaumig, citrusartig, rosenartig Geraniol: 30 µg/l (in Wein Nerol: 400 µg/l (in Wein) DEVELOPMENT AND CONCENTRATION OF MONOTERPENS IN RIESLING CLONES Terpenes 700 concentration [µg/kg] Limonen Terpinolen Linalool Quelle: M. Hey, K. Fehres, B. Schumann, E. Rühl Epoxylinalool Citronellol Nerol Geraniol Gm Gm Gm Gm Gm Gm C 6 -VERBINDUNGEN Hexanal O Hexanal 5 ppb (in Wasser) grün, grasig tr-2-hexenal O tr-2-hexenal 17 ppb (in Wasser) Apfel, grün, fruchtig DEVELOPMENT AND CONCENTRATION OF C 6 -COMPOUNDS IN RIESLING CLONES C6 compounds concentration [µg/kg] Hexanal Quelle: M. Hey, K. Fehres, B. Schumann, E. Rühl Hexanoic acid 1- Hexanol tr-2- Hexenal tr-2- Hexenol Gm Gm Gm Gm Gm Gm GEISENHEIM CLASSIC RIESLING CLONES HARVEST DATA Ø Riesling clon kg/ha Soluble solids ( Brix) Most acidity Botr 24 Gm ,6 10, Gm ,9 11, Gm ,9 11, Gm ,6 10, Gm ,7 10, Gm ,3 10,5 8 Steinberg ,2 11,2 16 Rauenthal ,7 11, Gm ,5 12,5 9 COLLECTION OF NEW TYPS IN OLD VINEYARDS Not easy to find personal contacts criteria for the selection Variation Virus-Symptome planting in Geisenheim homogenious soiltyp COLLECTION OF NEW TYPS IN OLD VINEYARDS since 1996 more than 400 old vineyards Mostly Riesling ca plants markt virustesting (ca. 40 % negativ) 828 tested clones planted 60 Riesling-clones in evaluation since several years EVALUATION OF THE POPULATIONS Standards yield, soluble solids, acidity, ph Further parameters bunch structure - Botrytis malolactic acid tartaric acid number of bunches weight of bunches 100-Berry weight aromas RIESLING CLON 239 GM Titel der Präsentation CL. 355 Titel der Präsentation CL GM Titel der Präsentation CL. 94 GM Titel der Präsentation ROTER RIESLING Titel der Präsentation RIESLING CL. ST.7 GM Titel der Präsentation SMALL BERRYIS (FAN LEAF INFECTION) Titel der Präsentation RESULTS OF THE LONGUICH (MOSEL) POPULATION Einordnung der Klone nach Oustric Lese 2005/1 110 A-Klone B-Klone Mostgewicht [ Oechsle] D-Klone C-Klone Ertrag [g/m²] RIESLING LONGUICH: YIELD Ertrag [g/m²] Gesamt Kl. 336 RIESLING LONGUICH: SOLUBLE SOLIDS 110 Mostgewicht [ Oe] Gesamt Kl WHAT CAUSES THE VARIATION? FAKTORENANALYSE: WERTE VON -1 BIS +1, 0 = KEIN EINFLUSS, 1 = STARK POSITIVER EINFLUSS, -1 = STARK NEGATIVER EINFLUSS Fakt 1 Fakt 2 Fakt 3 Fakt 4 Fakt 5 Fakt 6 malic acid -0,35 0,16 0,15 0,86 0,30 number of berries 0,95-0,26 Botrytis 0,15 0,94 0,10 0,10 0,12 berry weight -0,10 0,11 0,98 yield 0,19 0,54 0,23 0,15-0,12 soluble solids -0,19 0,36 0,38 0,83 ph -0,81 0,23 total acid 0,72 0,23 0,22 0,59 0,17 tart. acid 0,94 0,11-0,15 WHAT CAUSES THE VARIATION? FAKTORENANALYSE: WERTE VON -1 BIS +1, 0 = KEIN EINFLUSS, 1 = STARK POSITIVER EINFLUSS, -1 = STARK NEGATIVER EINFLUSS Fakt 1 Fakt 2 Fakt 3 Fakt 4 Fakt 5 Fakt 6 malic acid 0,86 number of berries 0,95 Botrytis 0,94 berry weight 0,98 yield 0,54 soluble solids 0,83 ph -0,81 total acid 0,72 0,59 tart. acid 0,94 GEISENHEIM NEW RIESLING CLONES HARVEST DATA Ø Riesling clon kg/ha Soluble solids ( Brix) Most acidity Botrytis Gm ,2 11, Gm ,5 10, Gm ,1 10, Gm ,5 10, Gm ,2 11, Gm ,1 11, Gm ,7 10, Gm ,6 11, Gm ,0 12, Gm ,6 10, Gm ,5 10, Gm ,8 11, Gm ,9 10, Gm ,9 11,7 16 VARIATION IN NEW RIESLING CLONES Great variation in acidity Tartraric acid Malic acid Great variation in Yield componants Number of beeries Berry weight Variation in suscabtibility to Botrytis Different aroma composition Nearly no variation in sugar contend RIESLING WINES ANALYTICAL DATA Cl. 110 Gm Cl. 198 Gm Cl. St 7 Gm Roter Riesling Yield (kg/ha) Soluble solids ( Brix) 22,2 21,9 25,7 24,0 Total acidity (M) 9,00 9,20 11,30 10,20 ph must 3,06 3,00 3,01 3,24 Alc. % 12,1 12,0 14,0 13,0 Extract (g/l) 19,7 19,3 34,5 30,4 Res. Sugar (g/l) 18,4 17,5 5,4 12,7 Botrytis % Rootstock to use?? ROOTSTOCKS IN GERMAN VITICULTURE Kober 5 BB 125 AA SO 4 Binova 5C Geisenheim Teleki 8 B C 420 A 3309 C ( Mgt.) Sori 1103 Paulsen Richter 110 Börner Cina Rici V. berl. x V. rip V. rip. x V. rup. V. solonis. x V. rip V. berl. x V. rup. V. rip. x V. cinerea Titel der Präsentation 3309C Richter 110 Georgikon 28 Börner SO4 Geisenheim Böden aus mittel steinig kiesigem sandigem Lehm bis Lehm (Lösshanglehm) über mittel kiesigem Lehm bis tonigem Lehm (Lösshanglehm) Böden aus carbonatreichem Lehm bis tonigem Lehm (Tonmergel oder Ton mit Lösslehm) über sehr carbonatreichem lehmigem Ton (Tonmergel, feinsandiger Ton, toniger Feinsand), stellenweise oder zeitweise stauwasserbeeinflusst Steinberg Können sich Unterlagen auf die Aromastruktur von Weinen auswirken? Anlage Steinberg 2000 µg/l freie Terpene GC geb. Terpene GC Summe Terpene 0 Sori MgT Börner Richter 110 8B Anlage Geisenheim Feld H 2000 µg/l freie Terpene GC geb. Terpene GC Summe Terpene 0 Sori MgT Börner Richter 110 8B Anlage Steinberg µg/l Sori MgT Börner Richter 110 8B Linalool Citronellol Geraniol Nerol Unterlage Anlage Geisenheim Feld H Linalool Citronellol µg/l Geraniol Nerol Sori MgT Börner Richter 110 8B Unterlage Tendenzen in der Weinbewertung Steinberg Geisenheim Mgt Mgt Richter 110 Sori Sori Teleki 8B Teleki 8B Richter 110 Börner Börner CONSEQUENCES OF THE USE OF CLONAL MATERIAL End of mixed plantings Less virus infected vines Higher performance of vineyards Higher uniformity of vineyards Better timing of management tasks and disease control Uniform ripening time of all vines in the block Higher quality Reduced labour costs Thank you for your attention Titel der Präsentation HOW CAN CLONES HAVE AN INFLUENCE ON WINE CHARACTERISTICS? Clones influences: Yield Soluble solids Acid composition Composition of flavers Colour Healthyness of the harvested material This all may change wine characteristics CLONAL SELECTION ON OTHER VARIETIES Pinot Gris the dream of loose bunches unsholdered small bunches Gm 100er-Serie low yield less compact bunches Cl Gm, 1-31 Gm, 1-32 Gm, 1-33 Gm mixed berry size clon 27 Gm low yield PINOT GRIS PROBLEMS (COMPACTNESS) Titel der Präsentation Titel der Präsentation PINOT GRIS PINOT GRIS CLONES Pinot Gris cl. 27 Gm Pinot Gris cl. 2/26 Gm Titel der Präsentation PINOT GRIS CL GM Titel der Präsentation CLONAL SELECTION ON OTHER VARIETIES Pinot blanc cl. 90 Gm lightly mixed berried Chardonnay Champagne-Typ clon 1 Gm, 2 Gm, 3 Gm Bourgogne-Typ clon 50 Gm, 51 Gm, 52 Gm, 53 Gm, 54 Gm, 57 Gm PINOT BLANC CLONES Pinot Blanc cl. 90 Gm Pinot Blanc cl. 1 Gm CHARDONNAY CLONES Chardonnay cl. 53 Gm Chardonnay cl. 1 Gm 15% 10% 35% 4% 12% 6% 7% Titel der Präsentation CONCLUSION Clonal selection provides a powerful tool to increase the performance of our vineyards develop new types of planting material more adapted to the needs of viticulture. Clonal selection as a long-term strategy requires the protection of the genetic variation within varieties and the development of clones of local, less important varieties to strengthen their competitiveness.
