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HIST 623: Scholars, Sultans and Law in the Ottoman Empire Instructor: Abdurrahman Atçıl Phone: Office Hours: by appointment Description The main focus of this course is the development of the Ottoman imperial enterprise after the conquest of Constantinople until the end of the sixteenth century. We will pay special attention to the creation of a civil bureaucracy of scholars, the development of a comprehensive legal system and the accommodation of the Islamic and Turco-Mongol heritages in the Ottoman Empire. In addition, the influences of multiple imperial traditions on the formation of Ottoman imperial ideology and administration, the evolution of bureaucracy and law, scholars, religion as well as heresy and orthodoxy will be investigated. Texts A number of primary and secondary texts will be read and analyzed. The instructor will distribute copies of primary texts in the class. Students can acquire copies of secondary texts in the university library. Requirements This course is a seminar as well as a writing course. Students will make presentations about the secondary literature on assigned topics and come to the class as prepared to discuss primary texts. We will read and dissect a variety of texts in original and in translation, from biographical dictionaries, law codes, and archival documents to scholarly treatises. In addition, students will write a seminar paper. Attendance and Participation: Students are expected to read and reflect on the assignments of each week before the class meeting. Presentation: Students will make a presentation about an article, a book chapter or a whole book every week. No auditing without presenting each week! Sorry! Papers: Students will write a paper (20-25 pages) based on primary sources. They will write a paragraph about the topic, questions and sources of their paper and present it in the class in the fourth meeting. In a week after that, they will send the instructor a bibliography, including primary and secondary sources. The first draft of the papers will be finished and sent to the instructor in the first week of December. Students will receive 1 feedback from the instructor and then work on their papers to prepare the final draft. The class will come together for the presentation of the papers in the first week of January. The final version of the papers will be submitted in the second week of January. Grading Attendance and Participation % 30 Paper % 70 I Introductory Meeting II The Rise of Scholars as Autonomous Class Ira M. Lapidus, The Separation of State and Religion in the Development of Early Islamic Society, International Journal of Middle East Studies (1975): Patricia Crone and Martin Hinds, God s Caliph: Religious Authority in the First Centuries of Islam (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003), Muhammad Qasım Zaman, Religion and Politics under the Early Abbasids: the Emergence of the Proto-Sunni Elite (Leiden: Brill, 1997), John A. Nawas, A Reexamination of Three Current Explanations for al-maʾmun s Introduction of the Mihna, International Journal of Middle East Studies 26, no. 4 (1994): Wael B. Hallq, The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005), Joseph E. Lowry, Early Islamic Legal Theory: The Risala of Muhammad ibn Idris al- Shafiʿi (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2007), III Madrasa George Makdisi, The Rise of Colleges: Institutions of Learning in Islam and the West (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1981), Omid Safi, The Politics of Knowledge in Premodern Islam, Jonathan Porter Berkey, The Transmission of Knowledge in Medieval Cairo: A Social History of Islamic Education (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992), Michael Chamberlain, Knowledge and Social Practice in Medieval Damascus, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994), IV The Mongol and Mamluk Models, and the Early Ottomans Broadbridge, Anne F. Kingship and Ideology in the Islamic and Mongol Worlds (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008). Maria E. Subtelny, Tamerlane and his Descendants: from Paladins to Patrons, in The New Cambridge History of Islam: The Eastern Islamic World Eleventh to Eighteenth Centuries, edited by David O. Morgan and Anthony Reid, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010), Heath W. Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2003). Cemal Kafadar, Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995), Murteza Bedir, Osmanlı Tarihinin Kuruluş Asrında (1389 a kadar) İlmiye ye Dair Bir Araştırma: İlk Fakihler, Türk Hukuk Tarihi Araştırmaları 1 (2006): Ertuğrul Ökten, Scholars and Mobility, Osmanlı Araştırmaları Dergisi 41 (2013): The biographies of Molla Fenari from Al-Shaqaiq and Mecdi. 3 V The Conquest of Constantinople, Imperial Vision and Scholars Ahmet Ateş, İstanbul un Fethine Dair Fatih Sultan Mehmed Tarafından Gönderilen Mektuplar ve Bunlara Gelen Cevablar, İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 4, no. 7 (1953): Halil İnalcık, The Policy of Mehmed II toward the Greek Population of Istanbul and the Byzantine Buildings of the City, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 23 (1969): Stefanos Yerasimos, Kostantiniye ve Ayasofya Efsaneleri, trans. Şirin Tekeli (Istanbul: Iletişim, 1993). Richard C. Repp, Some Observations on the Development of the Ottoman Learned Hierarchy, in Scholars, Saints, and Sufis: Muslim Religious Institutions in the Middle East since 1500, ed. Nikki R. Keddie, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972). Julian Raby, Mehmed the Conqueror s Greek Scriptorium, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 37 (1983): Gülru Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial, and Power: The Topkapi Palace in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries (New York: Architectural History Foundation, 1991), xi 30. Feridun M. Emecen, Fetih ve Kıyamet 1453 (Istanbul: Timaş Yayınları, 2012), Mehmed II s Teşkilat Kanunnamesi.. In Ahmet Akgündüz, Osmanlı Kanunnameleri ve Hukuki Tahlilleri, vol. 1, VI The Consolidation of the Scholarly Bureaucracy in the Sixteenth Century Yasemin Beyazıt, Osmanlı İlmiye Mesleğinde İstihdam (XVI. Yüzyıl) (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 2014). Yasemin Beyazıt, Efforts to Reform Entry into the Ottoman İlmiyye Career towards the End of the 16th Century: The 1598 Ottoman İlmiyye Kanunnamesi. Turcica 44 (2013): Cornell H. Fleischer, Bureaucrat and Intellectual in the Ottoman Empire: The Historian Mustafa Ali ( ) (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986), Fleischer, The Lawgiver as Messiah, in Soliman le Magnifique Necipoğlu, A Kanun for the State, A Canon for the Arts: Conceptualizing the Classical Synthesis of Ottoman Art and Architecture, in Soliman le Magnifique, Mehmet İpşirli, Osmanlı Devleti nde Kazaskerlik (XVII. Yüzyıla Kadar), Belleten 61, no. 232 (1998): Madeline C. Zilfi, Sultan Süleyman and the Ottoman Religious Establishment, in Süleyman the Second and His Time, eds. Halil İnalcık and Cemal Kafadar, (Istanbul: The ISIS Press, 1993). VII Sunni Identity and Scholars in the Ottoman Empire Derin Terzioğlu, How to Conceptualize Ottoman Sunnitization. Said Amir Arjomand, The Rise of Shah Esma il as a Mahdist Revolution, Studies On Persianate Societies 3 (2005). Melike: Saim Savaş, XVI. Asırda Anadolu da Alevilik (Ankara: Vadi Yayınları, 2002). Ahmet Yasar Ocak, Zındıklar ve Mulhidler. İsmail Sefa Üstün, Heresy and Legitimacy in the Ottoman Empire in the Sixteenth Century. Barbara Flemming, Public Opinion under Sultan Süleyman. Guy Burak, Faith, Law and Empire in the Ottoman Age of Confessionalization (Fifteenth-Seventeenth Centuries): The Case of renewal of faith, Mediterranean Historical Review 28, no. 1 (2013): Adel Allouche, The Origins and Development of the Ottoman-Safavid Conflict ( / ) (Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 1983), Sarıgörez Nureddin Hamza s pamphlet İbn Kemal s risale Ebussuud s fetvas 5 VIII Kanun and Şeriat Halil İnalcık, Islamization of Ottoman Laws on Land and Land Tax, in Osmanistik- Turkologie-Diplomatik, edited by Christa Fragner and Klaus Schwarz, (Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 1992). Ömer Lutfi Barkan, Osmanli Kanunnameleri, in XV ve XVI ıncı Asırlarda Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Zirai Ekonominin Hukuki ve Mali Esasları, 2 vols. (Istanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi, 1943). Jon E. Mandaville, Usurious Piety: The Cash Waqf Controversy in the Ottoman Empire, IJMES 10, no. 3 (1979). David Ayalon, The Great Yasa of Chingiz Khan: A Reexamination, SI 33 (1971): , ; 34 (1972) Nasi Aslan, Klasik Dönem Ceza Kanunnâmeleri Bağlamında Osmanlı Hukûkunun Şer îliği Üzerine, Çukurova Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, (2003), cilt: III, sayı: 2, s Baber Johansen, Secular and Religious Elements in Hanafite Law, Function and Limits of the Absolute Character of Government Authority. Halil İnalcık, Osmanlı Hukukuna Giriş, Örfi-Sultani Hukuk ve Fatih in Kanunları, in his Osmanlı Imparatorluğu, Toplum ve Ekonomi (Istanbul: Eren, 1993), Uriel Heyd, Studies in Old Ottoman Criminal Law M. Akif Aydın, Türk Hukuk Tarihi (Istanbul: Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım, 1995), Akgündüz, Osmanlı Kanunnameleri ve Hukuki Tahlilleri, vol. 1, Budin Kanunnamesi Mukaddimesi The Preamble of the Kanunname of Egypt (Turkish and English) IX The Question of Ottoman Decline and the Nasihatname Literature Bernard Lewis, Ottoman Observers of Ottoman Decline. Rifaat Abou-el-Haj, Formation of the Modern State: The Ottoman Empire Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries. 6 Erol Ozvar, Osmanlı tarihini dönemlendirme meselesi ve Osmanlı nasihat literature. Fleischer, From Şehzâde Korkud tomustafa Âlî: Cultural Origins of the Ottoman Nasihatname Douglas A. Howard, Genre and myth in the Ottoman advice for kings literature. Baki Tezcan, The Second Ottoman Empire. Cemal Kafadar, The Question of Ottoman Decline. Hirzu'l-muluk Kitab-i Mustetab IX, X, XI Readings of Primary Sources and Student Presentations 7
