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IRON AGE RITES AND RITUALSIN THE CARPATHIAN BASIN PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUMFROM TÂRGU MUREȘ 7–9 October 2011 Edited by Sándor BERECKI Editura MEGA ârgu Mureș2012 Content Preface ......................................................................................................................................................................7 Hrvoje POTREBICA Religious Phenomena of the Hallstatt Communities of Southern Pannonia ............................................9 Marcella NAGY–Pál SÜMEGI–Gergő PERSAITS–Sándor GULYÁS–Tünde TÖRŐCSIK Iron Age Hoard Found at Ikervár (Vas County, Hungary) in the Western Region of the Carpathian Basin. A Study in the Reconstruction of the Cultic Life of the Hallstatt Period in the Light of Archaeological and Scientific Analyses ...............................................................................31 Zoltán CZAJLIK–Géza KIRÁLY–Attila CZÖVEK–Sándor PUSZTA–Balázs HOLL–Gábor BROLLY Te Application of Remote Sensing echnology and Geophysical Methods in the opographic Survey of Early Iron Age Burial umuli in ransdanubia ...................................................65 Robert SCHOLTZ Scythian Age Burials at iszalök ....................................................................................................................77 László SZATHMÁRY Scythian Age Human Skeletal Remains from iszalök ............................................................................101 Florin GOGÂLTAN–József-Gábor NAGY Profane or Ritual? A Discovery from the End of the Early Iron Age from Vlaha–Pad, ransylvania....................................................................................................................................................105 Imola KELEMEN Te Archaeozoological Analysis of the Animal Bones Discovered in the Early Iron Age Pit at Vlaha–Pad ..................................................................................................................................................133 Mircea BABEȘ–Nicolae MIRIȚOIU Verlängerte, mehrstufige birituelle Bestattungen im Donau–Karpaten-Raum (5. bis 3. Jh. v. Chr.) ........................................................................................................................................139 Aurel RUSTOIU–Sándor BERECKI ‘Tracian’ Warriors in ransylvania at the Beginning of the Late Iron Age. Te Grave with Chalcidian Helmet from Ocna Sibiului ..........................................................................161 Peter C. RAMSL Late Iron Age Burial Rites in Eastern Austria ............................................................................................183 Maciej KARWOWSKI An Ithyphallic Celtic Figurine from Oberleiserberg .................................................................................189 Jan BOUZEK Te North-Western Part of the Carpathian Basin in the Period of Early Celtic Princes .....................213 Zoltán PILLING–Ferenc UJVÁRI Iron Age Settlement and Cemetery from Szeged–Kiskundorozsma. Some New Data on Iron Age Burial Rite at the Southern Part of the Great Hungarian Plain .........................................217 Éva TANKÓ–Károly TANKÓ Cremation and Deposition in the Late Iron Age Cemetery at Ludas .....................................................249 Gertrúda BŘEZINOVÁ Te Biritual Cemetery at Šurany–Nitriansky Hrádok, District of Nové Zámky, Slovakia ...................259 Martin FURMAN Te Interpretative Value of Annular Ornaments for the Study of Early Celtic Populations in the Middle Danube Area ..........................................................................................................................273 Gabriela BREZŇANOVÁ Reflections of the Contacts between Celtic Communities in North-West Romania and South-West Slovakia in the Grave Inventories ...................................................................................289 János NÉMETI Funerary Rites and Rituals of the Celtic Cemeteries in North-Western Romania and a Comparison with the Funerary Discoveries in the isza Plain and ransylvania......................295 Tiberius BADER Meine Begegnungen mit den Keltenfürsten: am Beispiel der Fürstengräber von Ciumești und Hochdorf .................................................................................................................................................303 Paul PUPEZĂ Te Local radition Pottery from the Eastern Carpathian Basin Celtic Graves ...................................317 Dragoș MĂNDESCU Killing the Weapons. An Insight on Graves with Destroyed Weapons in Late Iron Age ransylvania ......................................................................................................................343 Aurel RUSTOIU Te Celts and Indigenous Populations from the Southern Carpathian Basin. Intercommunity Communication Strategies .............................................................................................357 Marija LJUŠTINA–Miloš SPASIĆ Celtic Newcomers between raditional and Fashionable: Graves 63 and 67 from Karaburma ..........391 Cătălin Nicolae POPA ‘ill Death Do Us Part’. A Statistical Approach to Identifying Burial Similarity and Grouping. Te Case of the Late La ène Graves from the Eastern Carpathian Basin .............................................401 Beatrice S. KELEMEN–Iosif Vasile FERENCZ–Cristian C. ROMAN–Delia M. ROMAN–Oana PONTA–Simon SIMION Cremated Human Remains from Hunedoara–Grădina Castelului / Platou. Additional Information Inferred by XRD, F-IR and SEM/EDX Analyses ..........................................413 Andreea DRĂGAN Late Iron Age Burials in the Iron Gates Area. A Functional Approach to Funerary Expression in the Late La ène.........................................................................................................................................425 Milica TAPAVIČKIILIĆVojislav FILIPOVIĆ A Late Iron Age Grave Find from Syrmia ..................................................................................................453 Marcin RUDNICKI Finds and Context of Șimleul Silvaniei ype Bracelets North of the Carpathians and the Sudety .....461 Horea POP–Zsolt CSÓK Te umuli Necropolis from Șimleu Silvaniei ...........................................................................................493 Mariana EGRI ‘A Warrior Never Dies’. Te Manipulation of radition in Early Funerary Contexts from Pannonia ...503 Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................................................531 Iron Age Rites and Rituals in the Carpathian Basin, 2012, p. 183–188 Late Iron Age Burial Rites in Eastern Austria* Peter C. RAMSL Österr. Akademie der Wissenschafen, Präh. Komm. c/o Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Präh. Abt. Vienna,
[email protected] Keywords: La ène, cemeteries, Eastern Austria, burial ritesTis paper proposes to give a general view o the burial rites o the La ène period in Eastern Austria and to set out some main points with regard to special rites which may be explored in uture projects.In the 1950s, Jan F (1956, 65) postulated the Flachgräberhorizont , a historical term by which the author defined the ‘Celtic expansion’ to Italy and other parts o Europe (L B). Based on the results o excavations o early La ène graves in central Bohemia the Flachgräberhorizont model was extended to Central Europe (F 1956, Obr. 17). Afer hal a century, taking into consideration present archaeologi-cal evidence the term Flachgäber should be reconsidered. In Eastern Austria cases o burials in tumuli have been identified, dating rom L A to L C. One such site with three tumuli dated to L A/B1 was investigated in the winter o 2004 at Rassing by the River Perschling, east o the raisental (P 2005). L B burials in tumuli are known in Katzelsdor, distr. Wiener Neustadt (U . 1985). Te tumuli rom Pottenbrunn with L B2/C1 graves (R 2002) can be seen on a 18 century map ( Josephinischer Kataster , 1785–1789). Grave architecture Te inner and outer structures o unerary eatures were made o different materials. In the Austrian Alpine area and close to limestone outcrops such as on the Leithagebirge stone structures have been observed. Tey appear as single stones (e.g. at the corners o the grave) like Mannersdor grave 153 (R 2011, Abb. 14), as lines o stones or as complete coverage like Mannersdor grave 4 (R 2011, Abb. 33) and complete stone chambers like Au am Leithagebirge, grave 15 (N 1973, Abb. 9); these may consist o several layers o stones. Wooden structures appear as posts/poles lef and right beside the pit like in Pottenbrunn grave 565 (R 2002, a. 67) or in the corners o the grave pits, e.g. Inzersdor grave 277 and 289 (N 1996, a. 17, 24), presumed tree-trunk coffins like in Pottenbrunn grave 400 (R 2002, Abb. 6A). Wooden chambers (coffins?) can be observed in Pottenbrunn grave 574 (R 2002, a. 16) and probably Mannersdor 79 and 86 (R 2011, Abb. 10), single boards or planks – presumed to be the remains o wooden chambers – were identified in Inzersdor grave 284 (N 1996, a. 11). Finally there is also evidence or entrances or steps into the graves ( tromos ?) like in Mannersdor grave 4 (S 1977, 379).External structures appear also in different materials – wood or stone. o begin with one may recognise post-holes around the grave pits. Tey appear either singly, double or our- or fiveold, as in Pottenbrunn graves 99, 68, 89 and 233 (R 2002, Abb. 147), but also in multiples in line with the outer * Te research was unded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): P23517-G19. 184 | P. C. R enclosure – internally, like at Pottenbrunn grave 972 (R 2002, Abb. 147) or externally at Pottenbrunn grave 54 (R 2002, Abb. 147), alike galleries (Fig. 1). Beside these pole structures the presence o wooden buildings can be reconstructed. Tese can be interpreted in several ways; these could be tempo-rary parts o burial rites, or in the case o the six-pole structure identified around grave 854 o Pottenbrunn (R 2002, Abb. 147), they could also be mortuary houses. Fig. 1. Plan o the cemetery o Pottenbrunn, Lower Austria.Fig. 2. Stone paving at the cemetery o Au am Leithagebirge, Lower Austria (afer N 1973). A unique phenomenon in Austria has been identified at the cemetery o Au am Leithagebirge, Kleine Hutweide where areas with stone paving were ound. However, though photographic documentation is available (Fig. 2), the exact location is still debated (N 1973, 3). Comparable phenomena can be recognized at the cemetery o Casalecchio di Reno near Bologna (O 1995, fig. 20), where the paving is placed inside an enclosed area with postholes in a square lay-out. Fig. 3. Stone structure around grave 8 in Au am Leithagebirge (afer N 1973, Abb. 8).Fig. 4. Stone stele in Mörbisch, Burgenland. Circular shaped enclosures surrounding grave pits appear in Inzersdor, grave 289 (N 1996, a. 6) and an approximately square-shaped one in Pottenbrunn 160 (R 2002, Beundplan 4). Some o these have an entrance as in Pottenbrunn, grave 961 (R 2002, Beundplan 8), or were
