Transcript

àTyya>

Suffixes

Pratyaya or suffix is added at the end of verbal root to transform the verbal
root into indeclinable, imperfect verb, definite verb, past tense of verb, present
continuous tense of verb and so on.
The following are some important suffixes:

àTyya>

1. tumn
u !

8. zt&

2. KTva

7. Kt
3. Lyp!

6. Ktvt!
4. AnIyr!

1. for doing
2. having done
3. having done
4. to be done

-तुम्
-त्वा
-य
-नीय: नीया नीयम्

5. tVyt!

5. must be done
6. did
7. has been done
8. doing

-तव्य: तव्या तव्यम्
-तवान् तवती तवत्
-त: ता तम्
-न् न्ती त्

xaivtum! – To run 23. jiLptum! – To blabber 28. ri]tum! – To protect 18. mtuRm! – To die 15. g&hItum! – To hold 20. hNtum! – To kill 10. d{fiytum! – To punish 32. AagNtum! – To come 3. paliytum! – To nurture 16. yaictum! – To beg 19. htuRm! – To snatch 7. ktuRm! – To do 9. iniNdtum! – To criticise 31. Räma goes to school in order to study. cases and numbers. Once the tu mu n ! . AicRtum! – To worship . ïaetum! – To hear 6. gNtum! – To go 4. ttuRm! – To cross 8. leiotum! – To write 21. it becomes an indeclinable. baeixtum! – To teach 26. ivmaeictum! – To release 24. icNtiytum! – To think 29. Éivtum! – To become 25. patum! – To drink 5. Here are a few examples: 1. vistum! – To live 22. which means that the word will be the same in all genders. lBxum! – To get 11.1 u u n-!àTyy> 1 tm The suffix tum! is added to the verbs to indicate the purpose of action.àTyy is added to the verbal derivative. pittum! – To fall 13. ³Iiftum! – To play 12. jIivtum! – To live 27. Example: ram> piQtu< iv*aly< gCDit. vKtum! – To speak 2. piQtum! – To read 17. oaidtum! – To eat 30. Swatum! – To stand 14.9.

g[iyTva – Having counted 25. ri]Tva – Having protected 22. yaciyTva – Having begged 28. k«Tva – Having done 13.22 KTva-àTyy> The suffix Tva is added only to roots that are not prefixed by upasarga. ïuTva – Having heard 12. É]iyTva – Having eaten 24. tafiyTva – Having beaten 29. pITva – Having drunk 7. rciyTva – Having composed 27. the KTva suffix is added to the completed action. After having completed an action. xaivTva – Having run 18. Having read. ÉUTva – Having been 4. icNtiyTva – Having thought 2. g&hITva – Having held 23. TyKTva – Having given up 14. †:qœva – Having looked 11. if the subject does another action. Sm&Tva – Having remembered 9. Räma goes to play. %idTva – Having risen 19. Example: ram> piQTva ³Iiftu< gCDit. It denotes the sense of adverbial past participle (prefix). nTva – Having prostrated 8. ijTva – Having conquered 10. Here are a few examples: 1. then. hisTva – Having laughed 21. %i. piQTva – Having read 16.9.Tva – Having lived 20. gTva – Having gone 6. hTva – Having killed 5. AiqTva – Having Wandered . The verbal forms formed with KTva suffix are also indeclinables. ilioTva – Having written 17. mTva – Having considered 15. kwiyTva – Having told 30. imilTva – Having met 3. caeriyTva – Having stolen 26.

à + nm! = à[My – Having prostrated 19. ins! + ic = iniíTy – Having decided 14. Aix + # = AxITy – Having got 10. Here are a few more examples: 1. iv + }a + Lyp! = iv}ay – Having known Without upasarga. à + vc! = àaeCy – Having told 16. à + # = àeTy – Having reached 5. which has the iv upasarga. in Lyp!-àTyy (y) is suffixed when the verbal form has an upasarga prefixed to it. but the only difference is that. Aa + éh! = Aaéý – Having climbed 17. }a becomes }aTva. %d! + Swa = %Tway – Having got up 13. Aa + p¨ = AapUyR – Having filled up 6. it becomes iv}ay. Aa + da = Aaday – Having brought 4. Example: When the Lyp! is added to }a. Aa + þe = AahUy – Having called 2. Aa + p&CD! = Aap&CD!y – Having asked 11. iv + lI = ivlIy – Having dissolved 8. sm! + Sm& = s<Sm&Ty – Having thought well 9. Aa + gm! = AagTy/AagMy – Having come . sm! + k« = s<Sk«Ty – Having purified 15. Aa + mNÇ! = AamNÈy – Having discussed 18.3 Lyp!-àTyy Lyp!-àTyy has the same function as KTva-àTyy. in + mJj! = inmJJy – Having sunk 12. in + bNx! = inbXy – Having bound 3. à + ivz! = àivZy – Having entered 7.

the potential passive participle is formed. pQnIym! – To be read 7.44 AnIyr! àTyy> When the AnIyr!!-àTyy is added to the verbal root. inNdnIym! – To be condemned 18. The derivatives formed using this suffix agrees with the noun in gender. vcnIym! – To be spoken 4. danIym! – To be given 5. Example: Masculine Gender − pQnIy> Feminine Gender − pQnIya Neuter Gender − pQnIym! Here are a few more examples: 1. ÉaejnIym! – To be consumed 20. yaejnIym! – to be linked 14. vhnIym! – To be carried 9.9. vdnIym! – To be spoken 3. TyjnIym! – To be given up 19. gmnIym! – Have to go 8. It conveys a sense of 'necessity' or 'command'. jynIym! – to be conquered 13. Smr[Iym! – to be remembered . Example: ïImÚaray[> Smr[Iy>. dzRnIym! – To be seen 11. nynIym! – to be carried 15. Lord Näräyaëa is to be remembered. oadnIym! – to be eaten 12. ïv[Iym! – To be heard 16. hnnIym! – To be killed 10. number and case. kr[Iym! – To be done 6. ÉednIym! – To be split 17. hsnIym! – Have to laugh 2.

ointVym! – Must be dug 9. gNtVym! – Must be gone 18. hNtVym! – Must be killed 12.9. netVym! – Must be carried 16. ³IiftVym! – Must be played 22. number and case. The only speciality is that the aspects of 'necessity' and 'command' are stressed more in the tVyt!-àTyy than AnIyr!-àTyy. maijRtVym! – Must be purified 11. leiotVym! – Must be written 20. 3. jetVym! – Must be conquered 25. datVym! – Must be given 4. sihtVym! – Must be borne 19. Example: ktRVy< dEvmaiûkm! .55 tVyt! àTyy> The usage of tVyt!-àTyy is similar to AnIyr!-àTyy. kwiytVym! – Must be told 23.tVym! – Must be spoken 7. patVym! – Must be drunk 17. ri]tVym! – Must be protected 24. SnatVym! – Must be bathed 13. tirtVym! – Must be crossed over 21. The religious rites ought to be done. Example: Masculine Gender – piQtVy> Feminine Gender – piQtVya Neuter Gender – piQtVym! Here are a few examples: 1. ïaetVym! – Must be heard 5. piQtVym! – Must be read 6. v´Vym! – Must be spoken – Must be done TyKtVym! – Must be given up . Éai. }atVym! – Must be known 14. SwatVym! – Must be positioned 26. ÉaeKtVym! – Must be enjoyed 8. baeixtVym! – Must be educated 10. ktRVym! 2. The derivatives formed using this suffix agrees with the noun in gender. ÔòVym! – Must be seen 15.

TyKtvan! – Gave up 24. Example: Masculine Gender – piQtvan! Feminine Gender – piQtvtI Neuter Gender – piQtvt!! Here are a few examples: 1. àei. AahUtvan! – Called 12. Aiqtvan! – Roamed 22. %Ktvan! – Told 19. †òvan! – Looked 20.tvan! – Sent 25. Aacirtvan! – Did 16. iSwtvan! – Stood 6.6 The past active participle is formed by adding the suffix Ktvt! to the verbal root and has the same meaning as that of the verbal past tense. The derivates formed using this suffix agree with the noun in gender. AanItvan! – Brought 14. i]Ptvan! – Threw 26. ijtvan! – Conquered 10. }atvan! – Knew . k«tvan! – Did 5. xaivtvan! – Ran 3 . piQtvan! – Read 7. number and case. Räma went to school. pItvan! – Drank 9. iliotvan! – Wrote 11. nItvan! – Carried 13. p&óvan! – Asked 2. iciNttvan! – Thought 15. Swaiptvan! – Established 23. oaidtvan! – Ate 21. Example: ram> iv*aly< gtvan! (AgCDt! ). ïutvan! – Heard 8.6 Ktvt-! àTyy> 9. g&hItvan! – Held 18. Thus gtvan! and AgCDt! mean one and the same. nmSk«tvan! – Prostrated 17. gtvan! – Went 4.

9. nIt> – Has been carried 11. ïut> – Has been heard 4. iliot> – Has been written 7. Rävaëa has been killed. ijt> – Has been conquered 6. Example: rav[> ht>.77 Kt-àTyy> The past passive participle is formed by adding Kt-àTyy to the transitive verbal roots. The verbal derivative formed using this suffix agrees with the noun in gender. gt> – Has been gone 2. piQt> – Has been read 12. TyKt> – Has been given up 9. †ò> – Has been looked 5. Example: Masculine Gender – k«t> Feminine Gender – k«ta Neuter Gender – k«tm! Here are a few examples: 1. pIt> – Has been drunk 10. taift> – Has been beaten 13. number and case. }at> – Has been known . k«t> – Has been done 3. kiwt> – Has been told 8. ht> – Has been killed 14.

k…vRn! – Doing 5. The verbal derivative formed using this suffix agrees with the noun in gender.9. number and case. This has the sense of present continuous tense. Tyjn! – Giving up 3 . AagCDn! – Coming 7. xavn! – Running 4.88 zt&-àTyy> The present participle is formed by adding zt&-àTyy to the verbal root. palyn! – Protecting . gCDn! – Going 6. Example: Masculine Gender – k…vRn! Feminine Gender – k…vRNtI Neuter Gender – k…vRt! Here are a few examples: 1. pQn! – Reading 8. Example: ram> gayn! gCDit. Räma goes singing. z&{vn! – Hearing 2.