Transcript

अद्यमेनैव िसध्यिन्त कायार्िण न मनोरथैः

Deeds are not accomplished by means of ambitions but by means of effort alone.
न िह सुप्तस्य िसं हस्य प्रिवशिन्त सुखे मृगाः
Indeed, deer don't enter the mouth of the sleeping lion.
Minimum unit is a word in syntax.
SAMHITA - memorization methods.
Mulam
next padapatha
krama
shikha
mala
ratha
danda
dvaja
ganA
िनरुक्तम् - Etymology Book by Yaska
naama
aakhyaata
upasarga
nipaata
before Panini (6th cent. BCE)
अष्टाध्यायः - Panini
8 chapters
4 subsections (paadaah)
अष्टाध्यायः - sutra upa
mAtrA
laghu is 1
guru is 2
any consonant is 1/2
shortness is the basic principle of sutra literature
the form of the text is more like a software program
it is not a sanskrit primer
Principles of understanding the text:
1. प्रत्याहार - shortening (e.g. सुप् or ितङ्)
2. अनुबन्ध (इत्) - letters with a purpose in the system but not in the language (e.g. जस् vs.
शस्) and each of them specificies particular roles

how cognition takes place through works SUTRA TYPES 1. संज्ञा .statements in the contrived language According to increasing rule strength.patanjali kashikA vRddhiH . अाद्यन्तौ टिकतौ अािद अन्त ट्-क्-इतौ (objects with ट markers before objects with क markers) e. (Rules continuously increase in strength) e.the face of the vedas (6 angas) vAkyapadIya . with respect to a rupa-siddhi PrakiyA KaumudI .axioms (metalinguistic rules) e.g.gloss with examples prakriyA . िविद्ध . notion of śabda brahman śAbdabodha . rearrangements of paninian sutras. describes the process of word derivation. पिरभाष .g. then it is the later one) e.g. 3. when something is indicated by 5th case. SiddhAnta granthAH vyAkaraNaM .g. अिच) Even the declensional cases have idiomatic meanings in Panini’s Text.3. सपादसप्ताध्याती the first 7 and the first of the 8th section b. the former is indicated. अनुवृित्त .definitions (definitions) 2.g.very famous text 16th or 17th century This and other later texts aim at teaching Sanskrit rather than merely documenting its rules. the text is divided into two parts: a. ित्रपादी the three remaining padas . kim vaktavyam grammar varttikam mahabhasya . ८।२।१ पूवर्त्रािसद्धम् Whatever is stated here is unestablished for (does not apply to) the preceding. although descriptive it has become prescriptive.when a word is assumed to be repeated throughout the text until another competent word appears or as designated by a rule (e.process.this and later texts began moving beyond the superficial elements of grammar and began to wonder about the processes of understanding. षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा (6th class indicates substitution) तिस्मिन्नित िनिदर् ष्टे पूवर्स्य तस्मािदत्युत्तरस्य। (When it is 7th case. िवप्रितषेधे परंकायर्म् If there are two rules applicable at the same time.jayaditya vAmana . the later rule is applied.

Sutra-knowers know as sutra.अम् (nominative) ting . उक्तानुक्तदुरुक्तानां िचन्ता यत्र प्रवतर्ते। तं ग्रन्थं वाित्तर्कं प्राहुवार्ित्तर्कज्ञा मनीिषणः ॥ that text where worry regarding the adding. while in the second. and faultless. it moves only in increasing order toward the end of the section. SUP and TING: sup . rule application can jump around.८।२।१ पूवर्त्रािसद्धम् (Whatever is stated here is unestablished for (does not apply to) the preceding.जस् .declensional suffixes सु .verbal suffixes अल्पाक्षरमसंिदग्धं सारविद्वश्वतोमुखम् । अस्तोभमनवद्यं च सूत्रं सूत्रिवदो िवदुः॥ that which is as brief as possible not unclear. commentary knowers know as bhasyam . covering all sides of the topic Without frills. newly adding.अौ . and deleting is made the wise knowers of the varttikas call varttikam सूत्राथोर् वण्यर्ते यत्र पदैः सूत्रानुकािरिभः। स्वपदािन च वण्यर्न्ते भाष्यं भाष्यिवदो िवदुः॥ that Wherein the meaning of the sutra is explained with the words which follow the sutra and [that in which] auto commentary is given. possessed of essence.) In the first section.