Wcdma Rnp Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance

Transcript

Product name WCDMA RNP Product version V100R001 Confidentiality level For internal use only Total 31pages WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only Prepared by Reviewed by Reviewed by Granted by URNP-SANA Date Date Date Date Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved 2003-04-24 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only Revision record Date 2003-04-24 Revision version 1.00 Initial transmittal transmitt al Chen Qi 2004-07-19 2.00 Change the version, no content updated. Qinyan 10-4-30 Revision Description All rights reserved. Author  Page 2 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only Revision record Date 2003-04-24 Revision version 1.00 Initial transmittal transmitt al Chen Qi 2004-07-19 2.00 Change the version, no content updated. Qinyan 10-4-30 Revision Description All rights reserved. Author  Page 2 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only Table of Contents 1 Overview .................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Objective ............................................................................................................................................... 7 1.2 Planning Principles ................................................................................................................................ 8 1.3 Planning Method ................................................................................................................................... 9 2 Preparations for Applying Cell PSC Planner Tool................................................................................... 10 2.1 Checking PLMN Network Setup ........................................................................................................ 10 2.2 Checking BS Setup and Cell C ell Distribution on Map.............................................................................. 12 2.3 Checking whether 3g Carrier is Set up and Added to Cell .................................................................. 13 2.4 Checking Cell Coverage Predictor ...................................................................................................... 14 3 Operation Process of Cell PSC Planner P lanner Tools ......................................................................................... 14 3.1 Setting Cell Range for Planning .......................................................................................................... 14 3.2 Automatic Planning of Intra-carrier Neighboring Cells ...................................................................... 15 3.3 Setting Schemas of Scrambling Code Group and Scrambling C ode................................................... 17 3.4 Run the UMTS Scrambling Code Planner Tool .................................................................................. 17 3.4.1 Step 1 .................................................................................................................................... 18 3.4.2 Step 2 .................................................................................................................................... 18 3.4.3 Step 3 .................................................................................................................................... 20 3.4.4 Step 4 .................................................................................................................................... 21 4 Analysis on Cell PSC P SC Planning ................................................................................................................ 24 4.1 Analysis on Scrambling Code Planning Report Generated Automatically ......................................... 24 4.1.1 Setting of Relevant Parameters......................................................................................... 24 4.1.2  Adjustment Method Method.............................................................................................................. 25 4.1.3 Example of Code Resource Reuse................................................................................... 26 4.2 Analysis on Manual Configuration of Cell PSCs ................................................................................ 28 4.2.1 Determining the Code Resource to be Used................................................................... 28 4.2.2 Planning Method .................................................................................................................. 29 4.3 Minimum Reuse Distance and Scrambling Code Resource Reservation ............................................ 30 10-4-30 All rights reserved. Page 3 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only List of Tables Table 1 Table 2 10-4-30 Primary Scrambling Code............................................................................................................. 7 The Parameters in scrambling code planner ................................................................................. 24 All rights reserved. Page 4 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only List of Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 10-4-30 PLMN ....................................................................................................................................... 11 NodeBs&Cells ........................................................................................................................... 13 Carriers .................................................................................................................................... 14 Coverage Predictor .................................................................................................................... 14 Filters ....................................................................................................................................... 15 Neighbour Planner ..................................................................................................................... 16 Code Schemas ......................................................................................................................... 17 Scrambling code planner ............................................................................................................ 18 Scrambling code planner: step1 .................................................................................................. 18 Scrambling code planner: step2 .................................................................................................. 19 Scrambling Code planner: step3 ................................................................................................. 20 Scrambling code planner: step4 .................................................................................................. 22 For example: NanJing Coverage ................................................................................................. 27 For example: NanJing PSC Planning (CodeGroup.Code) .............................................................. 28 Manual PSC Planning ................................................................................................................ 29 Minimize Reuse Distance ........................................................................................................... 30 All rights reserved. Page 5 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guideline Key word: Spread code, scrambling code, cell primary scrambling code Abstracts: This document presents the allocation principles for cell primary scrambling code in the WCDMA network, and introduces the method for the tool of automatic allocation scrambling codes. List of abbreviations: Omitted. 10-4-30 All rights reserved. Page 6 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only 1 Overview 1.1 Objective This document is to be a guide of RNP engineers for the radio network planning work. The  purpose of this document is to present how to plan the cell primary scrambling codes (PSC), by means of automatic planning with the network planner tool or manually planning. The uplink scrambling codes range from 0 to 2 24 -1. The RNC selects and assigns them randomly, so that the users can be identified in uplink easily without planning. In the realization, different SPU sub-systems of different BM frames in a single RNC on the RAN side segment the uplink scrambling codes. When accessing the system from the subscriber queries according to the SpuCpuId the uplink scrambling code segment numbers that this SPU can assign. Then the segment number will be used to generate uplink scrambling codes within the corresponding range randomly, The downlink scrambling codes, referring to long scrambling codes only, range from 0 18 to 2 -1. However, in order to speed up the cell searching procedure, only 8192 codes can be used. These 8192 codes are divided into 512 groups, each of which contains 16 scrambling codes. The first scrambling code of each group is called primary scrambling code (PSC), and the other 15 ones are secondary scrambling codes (SSC). So there are 512 PSCs in all, as shown in the following table. The 512 PSCs are also divided into 64 groups, each of which contains 8 PSCs. Network planning is required for the downlink to identify the cells, so as to ensure any two intra-frequency cells interfering to each other do not have identical PSCs. In downlink, the user is identified with the channel codes. Each scrambling code corresponds to one channel code tree. Every user can use the cell PSC for scrambling. If the number of users in this cell exceeds a certain value, SSC must be used for scrambling. Besides SCH, PCCPCH/PCPICH/PICH/AICH/SCCPCH in the downlink uses the downlink PSC or SSC for  scrambling, and will repeat in every frame, so that the UE can find the proper scrambling code. For the scrambling code analysis, refer to Reference [1]. Table 1 Primary Scrambling Code Primary scrambling code/scrambling group PSC_1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 128 256 384 512 640 768 896 1024 1152 1280 1408 1536 1664 1792 1920 16 144 272 400 528 656 784 912 10 40 1168 1296 1424 1552 1680 1808 1936 32 160 288 416 544 672 800 928 10 56 1184 1312 1440 1568 1696 1824 1952 48 176 304 432 560 688 816 944 10 72 1200 1328 1456 1584 1712 1840 1968 64 192 320 448 576 704 832 960 10 88 1216 1344 1472 1600 1728 1856 1984 80 208 336 464 592 720 848 976 11 04 1232 1360 1488 1616 1744 1872 2000 96 224 352 480 608 736 864 992 11 20 1248 1376 1504 1632 1760 1888 2016 PSC_2 PSC_3 PSC_4 PSC_5 PSC_6 PSC_7 10-4-30 All rights reserved. Page 7 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only PSC_8 112 240 3 68 496 624 752 880 1008 1136 1264 1392 1520 1648 1776 1904 2032 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 2048 2176 2304 2432 2560 2688 2816 2944 3072 3200 3328 3456 3584 3712 3840 3968 2064 2192 2320 2448 2576 2704 2832 2960 3088 3216 3344 3472 3600 3728 3856 3984 2080 2208 2336 2464 2592 2720 2848 2976 3104 3232 3360 3488 3616 3744 3872 4000 2096 2224 2352 2480 2608 2736 2864 2992 3120 3248 3376 3504 3632 3760 3888 4016 2112 2240 2368 2496 2624 2752 2880 3008 3136 3264 3392 3520 3648 3776 3904 4032 2128 2256 2384 2512 2640 2768 2896 3024 3152 3280 3408 3536 3664 3792 3920 4048 2144 2272 2400 2528 2656 2784 2912 3040 3168 3296 3424 3552 3680 3808 3936 4064 2160 2288 2416 2544 2672 2800 2928 3056 3184 3312 3440 3568 3696 3824 3952 4080 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 4096 4224 4352 4480 4608 4736 4864 4992 5120 5248 5376 5504 5632 5760 5888 6016 4112 4240 4368 4496 4624 4752 4880 5008 5136 5264 5392 5520 5648 5776 5904 6032 4128 4256 4384 4512 4640 4768 4896 5024 5152 5280 5408 5536 5664 5792 5920 6048 4144 4272 4400 4528 4656 4784 4912 5040 5168 5296 5424 5552 5680 5808 5936 6064 4160 4288 4416 4544 4672 4800 4928 5056 5184 5312 5440 5568 5696 5824 5952 6080 4176 4304 4432 4560 4688 4816 4944 5072 5200 5328 5456 5584 5712 5840 5968 6096 4192 4320 4448 4576 4704 4832 4960 5088 5216 5344 5472 5600 5728 5856 5984 6112 4208 4336 4464 4592 4720 4848 4976 5104 5232 5360 5488 5616 5744 5872 6000 6128 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 6144 6272 6400 6528 6656 6784 6912 7040 7168 7296 7424 7552 7680 7808 7936 8064 6160 6288 6416 6544 6672 6800 6928 7056 7184 7312 7440 7568 7696 7824 7952 8080 6176 6304 6432 6560 6688 6816 6944 7072 7200 7328 7456 7584 7712 7840 7968 8096 6192 6320 6448 6576 6704 6832 6960 7088 7216 7344 7472 7600 7728 7856 7984 8112 6208 6336 6464 6592 6720 6848 6976 7104 7232 7360 7488 7616 7744 7872 8000 8128 6224 6352 6480 6608 6736 6864 6992 7120 7248 7376 7504 7632 7760 7888 8016 8144 6240 6368 6496 6624 6752 6880 7008 7136 7264 7392 7520 7648 7776 7904 8032 8160 6256 6384 6512 6640 6768 6896 7024 7152 7280 7408 7536 7664 7792 7920 8048 8176 1.2 Planning Principles The allocation of downlink PSCs dose not affect the simulation of network planning. But there are only 512 downlink PSCs for identifying intra-frequency cells, which are limited. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the allocation of the downlink PSCs in the cell planning procedure, as well as the factors of capacity expansion and coverage of the network in the future. Based on this, all downlink PSCs will not be used in the initial stage of network planning, with some reserved for future use. So we need to plan the downlink PSCs properly, and increase the utilization of the code resource by means of code reuse. In the cell PSC planning, we must conform to this principle: The intra-frequency cell interfering to the primary cell cannot use the same cell PSCs as the primary cell. These cells interfering to the primary cell are adjacent cells of the primary cell. Any cell may be a primary cell with adjacent cells. Besides, neighboring cells exist in the adjacent cells of the primary cell. The cell border is determined according to UE Rx level. In terms of primary cell, it can receive pilot 10-4-30 All rights reserved. Page 8 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only signals from other intra-frequency cells at the border of the cell. These pilot signals may be stronger or weaker than that of UE access level. If the pilot signal at the border of the primary cell is stronger than that of other cells, this cell is (or probably is) the neighboring cell of the primary cell. And there is a soft handover area between two neighboring cells, which size is determined by handover margin. For the pilot signals from other non-neighboring cells in the adjacent cells received on the border of the primary cell, their strength is weaker than the access level of the UE though, they generates interference to the receiver of the UE. So these cells cannot adopt the same PSCs as the primary cell. On the other hand, the cells without interference to the primary cell are regarded as non neighboring cells, which can use the same PSCs as this primary cell. 1.3 Planning Method The allocation of cell PSCs, a complicated procedure, can be performed with the planning tool. This allocation procedure is quite similar to the frequency planning in GSM. But the difference is, the cell PSC planning in WCDMA is not a key performance index (Refer to Section 4.5.2.4 of Reference [5]). The allocation of cell PSCs cannot guarantee a fast scrambling code identification process of the UE, which is specified by the supplier. That is, no matter the PSCs of  the primary cell and those of the neighboring cell are allocated to the same scrambling code group or not, the cell searching procedure of the UE will not be speeded up. This is related t o the realization of the UE. The UE should be able to find any PSC that is allocated by the network side among the 512 PSCs. So the cell PSCs can be planned in one of the following two methods:  Primary cell uses different PSCs from the neighboring cells, with the PSCs of the primary cell and those of the neighboring cells belonging to the same scrambling code group.  Primary cell uses different PSCs from the neighboring cells, with the PSCs of the primary cell and those of the neighboring cells belonging to different scrambling code groups. Comparing these two methods, the former one requires less scrambling code groups, and the PSCs in the scrambling code group can be allocated continuously, which is convenient for reservation and manually planning, and it can also be applied for the automatic scrambling code planner tool. It may probably simplify the cell searching procedure of the UE (related to the scrambling code dependency matching strategy of the UE). So this method is recommended. Please note that we only provide the planning ideas here. We do not strictly require that all the cells use the eight scrambling codes of one scrambling group only. Actually, it is impossible to 100% ensure the PSCs of all cells allocated in the same scrambling code group. From the automatic planner tool, we can see that when the code resource is restricted, the third step, 10-4-30 All rights reserved. Page 9 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only “Setting of the Minimize item in Filter ”, will determine whether to add the number of scrambling code groups or adding the number of scrambling codes in the scrambling code group, depending on whether the cell PSCs are allocated continuously. In the following chapters, you can learn the operation methods for Enterprise 4.0, the network planner tool provided by AIRCOM, for performing the cell PSC planning automatically, as well as the analysis on the planning result, the judging criteria and adjusting methods. Moreover, the operation methods for manual planning of cell PSCs are provided. The parameter  description of each schematic diagram is only for the parameters involved in the scrambling code planning only. Refer to Reference [3] for the setting of all the parameters. 2 Preparations for Applying Cell PSC Planner Tool Before using the scrambling code planner tool for scrambling code planning, please check the following items: 2.1 Checking PLMN Network Setup Select the 3g->Database->Site menu as shown in the following window, and then check whether a PLMN network exists, and whether BSs and cells have been set up in this network. For the method for importing NodeB, refer to Reference [2]. 10-4-30 All rights reserved. Page 10 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only Figure 1 PLMN Description of the relevant parameters:  In the UMTS Parameters frame in the “Tab (Cell Params)” window:  Scrambling Code [0…7]: This specifies the PSCs used by the cell, ranging from 0 to 7.  Scrambling Code Group [0…63]: This specifies the scrambling code group of the PSCs used by this cell, ranging from 0 to 63. Note: If the PSCs of a cell do not need automatic planning, it can be designated directly in this frame.  Scrambling Code Planning Parameters frame:  # of Code Groups in Neighbour Cells: It specifies the total number of the scrambling code groups that this cell and its neighboring cells can use. It is a target value for reference in the automatic planning. If it is set to 0, the item of #Code Group in the 10-4-30 All rights reserved. Page 11 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only cell PSC planning report automatically generated will be shown as N/A, indicating Not  Available, that means no constraint condition.  It specifies the total number of scrambling codes available in a scrambling code group of this cell and the neighboring cell. It is a target value for reference in the automatic planning. If it is set to 0, the item of  #Code in the cell PSC planning report automatically generated will be shown as N/A, indicating Not Available, that means no constraint condition. Note: If the PSCs of a cell and those of its neighboring cells are allocated to the same scrambling code group, the parameter # of Code Groups in Neighbour Cells can be set to 1, indicating this constraint condition will be taken into account in the automatic planning. 2.2 Checking BS Setup and Cell Distribution on Map Select the 3g->View->New 2D view menu, and select a map from the pull-down box (note: If the terrain is not displayed, select the button and then to configure the display elements). In following window check whether BSs and cells exist in the map. (Note: the map is imported by setting the relevant contents of the coordinate system and the maximum and minimum of the latitudes and longitudes of the map in the “Modify Project” window. At the same time, the antenna data should also be imported. For detailed operation, refer to Reference [4]. 10-4-30 All rights reserved. Page 12 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only Figure 2 NodeBs&Cells 2.3 Checking whether 3g Carrier is Set up and Added to Cell Select the 3g->Options->Carriers menu as shown in the following window, and check whether 3g carriers have been configured or not, and then check whether the carriers have been added to the cell, as shown in figure 3. 10-4-30 All rights reserved. Page 13 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only Figure 3 Carriers 2.4 Checking Cell Coverage Predictor  Select the 3g->Tools->Coverage Predictor  menu to checking whether the cell coverage has been created or not. Figure 4 3 Coverage Predictor  Operation Process of Cell PSC Planner Tools 3.1 Setting Cell Range for Planning Select the 3g->Database->Filters menu as shown in the following window, and add Filter, and then set the cells to be allocated in this Filter. 10-4-30 All rights reserved. Page 14 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only Figure 5 Filters 3.2 Automatic Planning of Intra-carrier Neighboring Cells Select the 3g->Tools->Neighbour Planner  menu as shown in the following figure.  After selecting the cells to be planned and the Filters whether the neighboring cells of these cells are located, set the relevant parameters as required to complete the automatic planning of  intra-frequency cells. If intra-carrier neighboring cells need to be considered in Step 2 of  automatic scrambling code planning in Section 3.4, this step is mandatory for getting the neighboring cells for each cell. 10-4-30 All rights reserved. Page 15 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only Figure 6 Neighbour Planner  Description of relevant parameters:  Intra-Carrier Planning frame: Intra-carrier neighboring cell planning  Override Handover Margin [dB]: It indicates the pilot power difference between two cells within the handover area should be smaller than or equal to the handover margin value input here. This parameter is induced in the discussion on candidate cell for soft handover. The bigger this parameter value, the larger the soft handover area, indicating the soft handover connections will be increased. Thus more checks will be carried out for  a successful soft handover in the simulation procedure, and the average power value between various cells in the activity set will be increased too. Hence, this parameter  should be set with consideration the soft handover overhead in the planning.  Carrier: It refers to the carrier used by the neighboring cell.  Resolution[m]: It is the resolution of the digital map as recommended.  Minimum Interfering Area [km ]: It specifies the minimum interfering area between 2 the primary cell and a neighboring cell, indicating the interfering area between the primary cell and the neighboring cells should be greater than this value. The primary cell may have several soft handover areas meeting the requirement of  Handover Margin, but some soft handover area in the simulation is too small. This parameter can be used to filter them.  Standard Deviation [dB]: It specifies the Eb/No standard deviation of the service that the UE can accept, and it controls Eb/No distribution achieved by UE. When it is set to 0, it indicates to ignore any deviation caused by power control. If the deviation caused 10-4-30 All rights reserved. Page 16 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only by power control must be considered, the Eb/No standard deviation of this service must be set (other than 0).  Number of Neighbouring Cells: It refers to the maximum number of neighboring cells that can be assigned to each cell. 3.3 Setting Schemas of Scrambling Code Group and Scrambling Code Select the 3g->Tools->Code Schemas menu, as shown in the following figure and then set the scrambling code group and scrambling code resource. Figure 7 Code Schemas 3.4 Run the UMTS Scrambling Code Planner Tool Select the 3g->Tools->Scrambling Code planner  menu, as shown in the following figure and the click . 10-4-30 All rights reserved. Page 17 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only Figure 8 3.4.1 Scrambling code planner  Step 1 In the following figure select cells to be planned and the Filters where the neighboring cells of these cells are located, and the click . Figure 9 3.4.2 10-4-30 Scrambling code planner: step1 Step 2 All rights reserved. Page 18 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only In the following figure set the factors to be considered in the automatic planning, and the click : Figure 10 Scrambling code planner: step2 Description of relevant parameters:  Neighbouring cells frame:  Consider Neighbouring cells: When it is selected, it indicates to consider the distribution of the neighboring cell in the automatic planning.  Adjacent cells frame:  Consider Adjacent cells: When it is selected, it indicates to consider the distribution of the adjacent cell in the automatic planning.  Max. # of adjacent cells: It refers to the maximum number of the adjacent cells with different cell PSCs.  Code reuse distance frame:  Consider code reuse distance: When it is selected, it indicates to consider code resource reuse in the automatic planning.  Min. code reuse distance (km): It indicates the cell range from the primary cell, within which there is no identical cell PSCs.  Select carriers for planning frame: Selecting the carriers of the intra-carrier cell to be planned.  10-4-30 Resolution (m): It is the resolution of the digital map as recommended. All rights reserved. Page 19 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only  Do not assign same code to cells under the same NodeB: When it is selected, it indicates no cell under a NodeB use identical cell PSCs, no matter these cells are in the same frequency or not. 3.4.3 Step 3 In the following figure select the code resource applied for the planning, and then other  constraint conditions, and click . Figure 11 Scrambling Code planner: step3 Description of relevant parameters:  Description of the fields in the table above:  Filter: It lists the Filters requiring automatic scrambling code allocation.  State: Set the state of the current cell set to one of these three states: Planed (indicating the automatic planner tool assigns these cell PSCs to the cells of these Filters), Read-Only (indicating the automatic planner tool will not change the cell PSCs in this Filter, even if collision occurs. And the Filter defined to this level will be present in the report), and Ignore (indicating the automatic planner tool will not consider the cells in the Filter of this level, and these cells will not be present in the planning report either, so they will be ignored.). You can click the State column to select one in the drop-down list box. If a cell belongs to two Filters at the same time, you need to select its state from the Filter of the higher priority. The priority of a Filter is determined according to its arrangement sequence, and can be adjusted by means of the upward and downward buttons on the left in the window above. 10-4-30 All rights reserved. Page 20 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only  #CodeGroups: This specifies the maximum number of scrambling code groups used for a cell and its neighboring cells. It is valid for all the cells in the Filter. But it should be optimized. It is taken as reference for the automatic planning which is performed based on the neighboring cell list. If this value is null, the scrambling code planner tool will adopt the number of scrambling code groups that can be used by the neighboring cells of this cell designated in the cell parameter table in Section 2.1.  #Codes: This specifies the maximum number of scrambling codes used for a cell and its neighboring cells. It is valid for all the cells in the Filter. But it should be optimized. It is taken as reference from the automatic planning of the neighboring cell list. If this value is null, the scrambling code planner tool will use the number of  scrambling codes that can be used by the neighboring cells of this cell designated in the cell parameter table in Section 2.1.  Minimize: In the automatic planning procedure, if the scrambling code groups and scrambling codes to be used for a cell and its neighboring cell exceed the code resource requirement on a Filter, the code planner tool will consider this item, that is to minimize the number of scrambling codes or the number of scrambling code groups. If this parameter is set to #Code, the automatic planner tool will increase the number of scrambling code groups instead of the number of scrambling codes in each group; if it is set to #CodeGroup, the automatic planner tool will increase the number of scrambling codes in each group instead.  Code Schema: It indicates to select the code resource to be allocated in the scrambling code planning, which is created in Section 3.3.  Cell Property button: To specify the number of special scrambling code groups and scrambling codes for a cell, you can click this button to append parameters conveniently. Note that if a cell belongs to two Filters, its state should be selected from the Filter of the higher priority. This has been mentioned in the parameter of  State of Filter. 3.4.4 Step 4 The cell PSC planning report is generated as shown in the following figure. Analyze the report. If the scrambling code group and scrambling code assigned to the cell meet the requirements, click or to complete the cell PSC planning. 10-4-30 All rights reserved. Page 21 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only Figure 12 Scrambling code planner: step4 Description of relevant parameters:  Carrier Name: The automatic planner tool can assign cell PSCs to the intra-carrier  cell at different frequencies simultaneously. Here you can select different carriers in the same window to browse the allocation result of the cell PSCs at this frequency.  Apply All Carriers and Apply Carrier buttons: If you are satisfied with the allocation result of PSCs in the pre-planning, you can click one of these two buttons to apply the pre-planning result to the parameter setting of each cell. 10-4-30  Descriptions of the fields in the cell PSC table:  Cell name: List of intra-carrier cells at the selected frequency. All rights reserved. Page 22 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only State: It indicates the PSCs of this cell is Planed (indicating the automatic planner tool assigns these cell PSCs to the cells of these Filters) or  Read-Only (indicating the automatic planner tool will not change the cell PSCs in this Filter). In the planning, the cell belonging to two Filters has higher priority, and will be planned first.  CodeGroup: It refers to the scrambling code group assigned by the scrambling code planner tool.  Code: It refers to the scrambling code assigned by the scrambling code planner  tool.  Minimize: In the automatic planning procedure, if the scrambling code groups and scrambling codes to be used for a cell and its neighboring cell exceed the code resource requirement on a Filter, the code planner tool will consider this item, that is to minimize the number of scrambling codes or the number of scrambling code groups. If this parameter is set to #Code, the automatic planner tool will increase the number of scrambling code groups instead of the number of scrambling codes in each group; if it is set to #CodeGroup, the automatic planner tool will increase the number of scrambling codes in each group instead.  #CG (Target): It is the number of scrambling code groups used designated the neighboring cells only in the case the neighboring cells are considered in the automatic planning, that is the value set in the cell properties in Section 2.1.  #CG (Achieved): It is the number of scrambling code groups actually used for the neighboring cells after the planning only in the case that the neighboring cells are considered in the automatic planning.  #C(Target): It is the number of scrambling codes designated for the neighboring cells only in the case the neighboring cells are considered in the automatic planning, that is the value set in the cell properties in Section 2.1.  #C(Achieved): It is the number of scrambling codes actually used for the neighboring cells after the planning only in the case the neighboring cells are considered in the automatic planning.  %Quality: It displays the interference percentage of the cells with identical scrambling codes only in the case the adjacent cells are considered in the automatic planning. Relevant description of the scrambling code groups and scrambling codes of the neighboring cells of the selected cell, the designated adjacent cells, all the cells nearby and other  cells under the NodeB: 10-4-30 All rights reserved. Page 23 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only  Neighbours Cells: This specifies the scrambling code groups and scrambling codes of the neighboring cells of the selected cell.  Adjacent Cells: This specifies the scrambling code groups and scrambling codes of the designated adjacent cells of the selected cell.  Nearby Cells: This specifies the scrambling code groups and scrambling codes of  all the cells nearby.  NodeB Cells: This specifies the scrambling code groups and scrambling codes of  other cells under the NodeB. 4 Analysis on Cell PSC Planning 4.1 Analysis on Scrambling Code Planning Report Generated Automatically 4.1.1 Setting of Relevant Parameters It can be learnt from the parameters inputted in the operation process that the allocation of cell PSCs by the automatic planner tool is related to such factors as the scrambling code groups and scrambling codes that can be used, the number of neighboring cells, the scrambling code reuse distance, resolution, and whether it is allowed to assign same code to cells under the same NodeB. The following table shows the setting of the relevant parameters in the cell PSC planning. Table 2 The Parameters in scrambling code planner  Parameter name Cell # of Code Groups in Neighbour  Properties Cells Value Setting description 0 No setting unless the number of the scrambling code groups of the PSCs used for  the neighboring cells of a cell is restricted. # of Codes in Neighbour Cells 0 No setting unless the total number of the PSCs used for the neighboring cells of a cell is restricted Override Handover Margin [dB] 3 –6 It specifies the size of the handover area. If  the pilot of two cells is 3dB different from each Neighbouring other, it can be set according to the proportion Cells of actual handover. Planning Resolution[m] 2 Minimum Interfering Area[km ] X It is set to the resolution of the digital map. X It is the minimum value of the geographical range of the actual handover area between 10-4-30 All rights reserved. Page 24 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only every two neighboring cells. It is to be set according to the actual situation. Standard Deviation [dB] 0 It refers to the Eb/No distribution of UE. When it is set to 0, it indicates the Eb/No of the UE reaches the target value, indicating the power  control deviation can be ignored. Number of Neighbouring Cells 6 It indicates that each hexagon primary cell has 6 neighboring cells. Scrambling Max. # of adjacent cells 6 –18 It specifies the maximum number of adjacent Code cells of each primary cell. It can be set to 6 for  Planning hexagon cell, indicating all the adjacent cells are neighboring cells. Min. code reuse distance (km) X It is deducted with the formula 4.1. Resolution (m) X It is the resolution of the digital map. State Planed Only the Filter where the cell not to be planned but for reference only will be set to ReadOnly Filter  ro Ignored #CodeGroups 1 This specifies that the PSCs of each cell and its neighboring cells in this Filter are divided into one scrambling code group. It can be adjusted according to the scrambling code resource. #Codes 7 This specifies that the maximum number of  available PSCs of each cell and its neighboring cells in this Filter is 7. It can be adjusted according to the scrambling code resource. Minimize #CodeGroups If the above two items cannot be satisfied, or #Code increase the number of available scrambling codes in each scrambling code group or add the number of scrambling code groups, considering it is continuous allocation or not. 4.1.2 Adjustment Method We can easily learn from the scrambling code report generated in Figure 12 that there are many cells with clash codes with red mark. Such a code allocation result does not meet the requirement. Here is the adjustment method: 10-4-30 All rights reserved. Page 25 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only First adjust the number of adjacent cells interfering to each other and the minimum reuse distance to the optimal value. Here the number of adjacent cells is Max[The number of  adjacent cells interfering to each other of each cell] . It is adjusted within the range of (6 –8). The minimum reuse distance can be calculated according to the following the formula (4.1) (Refer to Section 4.2 of Reference [5] for the formula deduction and analysis). If clash code still occurs, you can also increase the available code resource, that is, to increase the value of K to achieve the optimal effect.  D   R 3 K  ( 4.1 ) D is the minimum reuse distance, R stands for the minimum cell redius, and K is the number of cell PSCs used. The above formula can be represented in the form of the formula (4.2). Note: in the cell planning, we know the average cell radius, so we can roughly estimate the minimum radius as: Average cell radius 70%.  K   i    j  2  ij i   j ，  0 1 2 3... ( 4.2 ) ， ，， The parameters i and j are the number of cells crossed in different directions within the scrambling code distance. The range value of K is {1, 3, 4, 7, 9, 12…}. For example, if 7 scrambling codes are used, and parameters i and  j are 2 and 1 respectively, then the cell using the same PSCs as the primary cell is located at the point crossing two cells toward south or other directions then crossing one cell after tuning 60 o counterclockwise. Here the minimum reuse distance of scrambling codes is 4.58R. This distribution law is shown in Figure 14 in the example of Section 4.13. 4.1.3 Example of Code Resource Reuse The following is the planning of cell PSCs for the cells covered in Naijing City. We can see from the generated scrambling code planning result that the scrambling code reuse is for  occupying the minimum code resource. For the 3 1 neighboring base stations distributed equably, if the minimum reuse distance is ignored, that is to ensure only neighboring cells use different PSCs, 7 PSCs are enough. However, adjacent cells interfering to each other must be considered in practice. The following example is the maximum reuse allowed with the consideration of the case that the primary cell has 8 adjacent cells interfering to each other: Description of planning parameters: 1) there are totally 246 cells; 2) the code schema designates three scrambling code groups of 0, 1 and 2, containing 24 scrambling codes in all. But only 23 are used, which is enough; 3) the Max. # of adjacent cells is 8 and the Min. code reuse distance (km) is 2 (The radius of the smallest cell). The numerals of  X.X represent scrambling code group and scrambling code respectively. 10-4-30 All rights reserved. Page 26 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only Figure 13 10-4-30 For example: NanJing Coverage All rights reserved. Page 27 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only Figure 14 For example: NanJing PSC Planning (CodeGroup.Code) 4.2 Analysis on Manual Configuration of Cell PSCs 4.2.1 Determining the Code Resource to be Used When the number of cells to be planned is greater than or equal to 512, the maximum number of available scrambling code resource is 64 scrambling code groups, each of which contains 8 PSCs. 10-4-30 All rights reserved. Page 28 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only When the number of cells to be planned is less than 512, the maximum number of  available scrambling code resource is the number of cells to be planned. In the manual planning, you need to estimate the minimum reuse distance according to the neighboring cells and adjacent cells first, and then calculate the number of available PSCs with the formula 4.1, as shown below:  K    D 2 3 R ( 4.3 ) 2 To ensure the PSCs of all the neighboring cells in the same scrambling code group, you should minimize the number of scrambling code groups as much as possible, preventing the PSCs from being allocated to too many scrambling code groups. 4.2.2 Planning Method It is recommended to use the area division method for the manual planning of cell PSCs, for the cases of neighboring cells distributed equably and the remote cells without i nterference to each other. For the neighboring hexagon cells distributed equably, we can find this law from Figure 14 in Section 4.1.3: In the case that PSCs available to the neighboring hexagon cells distributed equably with the consideration of only neighboring cells generate interference, that is, K being 7, the parameters i and j are 2 and 1 respectively. Therefore, the cell using the same PSCs as the primary cell is located at the point crossing two cells toward south or other directions then crossing one cell after tuning 60 o counterclockwise, as shown below. In this case, after defining a cell cluster, you can allocate the PSCs repeatedly with the unit of this cell cluster. The values of  i and j calculated with the formula 4.2 vary with K. Figure 15 Manual PSC Planning For the remote cells without interference, the PSCs can be planned at will, as long as no repetition with the neighboring cell. 10-4-30 All rights reserved. Page 29 of 31 WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only 4.3 Minimum Reuse Distance and Scrambling Code Resource Reservation Comparing with the limited frequency resource of the GSM, the 512 PSCs for  differentiating cells in WCDMS cell planning are relatively abundant. So the cell PSC planning in 3G is not so strict as the frequency planning of GSM. But the reuse distance of the cell PSCs still need to make the signals received by all the UEs meet the requirement of  carrier-to-interference ratio. That is, the adjacent cell with interference cannot use the same PSCs as the primary cell. The minimum reuse distance is the distance from the primary cell to the farthest adjacent cell. For the dense cells distributed equably, it is recommended to reuse at least 12 PSCs (that is K is 12 and both i and j are 2.), then the minimum reuse distance can be worked out with the formula 4.1, that is 6R, as shown below: Figure 16 Minimize Reuse Distance Generally, the scrambling code resource will not be used up, but will be reserved for the future. As there is no experience for large-scale planning, we recommend reserving some scrambling code resource according to the number of cells planned in the network construction and the subsequent capacity expansion. 10-4-30 All rights reserved. Page 30 of 31